International Journal of Hyperthermia最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and influencing factor analysis of high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy for abdominal wall endometriosis: a case series.","authors":"Hui Cheng, Xiaogang Zhu, Yuyin He, Mengying Liu, Min Xue, Xin Sun","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2320416","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2320416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the short-term and long-term efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy for abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) and explore its potential influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 80 patients with AWE who underwent HIFU therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Follow-ups were also conducted to evaluate the changes in lesion size and pain relief. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate factors influencing HIFU therapy for AWE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 80 patients with AWE who received HIFU therapy, the effective rates were 76.3%, 80.5%, and 90.5% after 3, 12 and 24 months of follow-up, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the AWE lesion diameter and sonication intensity had statistically significant effects on the 3-month and 12-month efficacy of HIFU therapy for AWE, while age, BMI, disease duration, average sonication power and grey-scale changes did not have statistically significant effects. Four patients with AWE experienced recurrence after HIFU therapy, for a three-year cumulative recurrence rate of 6.3%. Furthermore, ten patients required reintervention after treatment, for a five-year cumulative reintervention rate of 13.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study further confirmed the safety and effectiveness of HIFU therapy for AWE. Factors such as AWE lesion diameter and sonication intensity have been identified as key influencers affecting the short-term and long-term efficacy of HIFU therapy for AWE. The first two years following HIFU therapy constitute crucial periods for observation, and judiciously extending follow-up intervals during this timeframe is advised.</p>","PeriodicalId":14137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hyperthermia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139982843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat therapy in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases - an overview of clinical and molecular effects.","authors":"Philipp Klemm, Nils Schulz, Priyanka Boettger, Uwe Lange","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2322667","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2322667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) usually lead to morphological and functional deficits of various extend, increased morbidity and a considerable loss of quality of life. Modern pharmacological treatment has become effective and can stop disease progression. Nonetheless, disease progression is often only slowed down. Moreover, pharmacological treatment does not improve functionality per se. Therefore, multimodal treatment of rheumatic disorders with physical therapy being a key element is of central importance for best outcomes. In recent years, research into physical medicine shifted from a sole investigation of its clinical effects to a combined investigation of clinical effects and potential changes in the molecular level (e.g., inflammatory cytokines and the cellular autoimmune system), thus offering new explanations of clinical effects of physical therapy. In this review we provide an overview of studies investigating different heat applications in RMDs, their effect on disease activity, pain and their influence on the molecular level.</p>","PeriodicalId":14137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hyperthermia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional ultrasound fusion imaging in precise needle placement for thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Jiaming Liu, Yuqing Guo, Yueting Sun, Ming Liu, Xiaoer Zhang, Ruiying Zheng, Longfei Cong, Baoxian Liu, Xiaoyan Xie, Guangliang Huang","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2316097","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2316097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the value of three-dimensional ultrasound fusion imaging (3DUS FI) technique for guiding needle placement in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) thermal ablation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 57 patients with 60 HCCs with 3DUS FI-guided thermal ablation were retrospectively included in the study. 3DUS volume data of liver were acquired preoperatively by freehand scanning with the tumor and predetermined 5 mm ablative margin automatically segmented. Plan of needle placement was made through a predetermined simulated ablation zone to ensure a 5 mm ablative margin with the coverage rate toward tumor and ablative margin. With real-time ultrasound and 3DUS fusion imaging, ablation needles were placed according to the plan. After ablation, the ablative margin was immediately evaluated by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and 3DUS fusion imaging. The rate of adequate ablative margin, complete response (CR), local tumor progression (LTP), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to postoperative contrast-enhanced CT or MR imaging, the complete response rate was 100% (60/60), and 83% of tumors (30/36) achieved adequate ablative margin (>5 mm) three-dimensionally. During the follow-up period of 6.0-42.6 months, LTP occurred in 5 lesions, with 1- and 2-year LTP rates being 7.0% and 9.4%. The 1- and 2-year DFS rates were 76.1% and 65.6%, and 1- and 2-year OS rates were 98.1% and 94.0%. No major complications or ablation-related deaths were observed in any patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Three-dimensional ultrasound fusion imaging technique may improve the needle placement of thermal ablation for HCC and reduce the rate of LTP.</p>","PeriodicalId":14137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hyperthermia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mild hyperthermia with magnetic resonance- guided high intensity focused ultrasound combined with salvage chemoradiation for recurrent rectal cancer.","authors":"Jonathan Peng, Ari Partanen, Samuel Pichardo, Robert Staruch, Kaitlyn Perry, Merrylee McGuffin, Yuexi Huang, Kelvin Kw Chan, Shun Wong, Greg Czarnota, Kullervo Hynynen, William Chu","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2365385","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2365385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pelvic recurrences from rectal cancer present a challenging clinical scenario. Hyperthermia represents an innovative treatment option in combination with concurrent chemoradiation to enhance therapeutic effect. We provide the initial results of a prospective single center feasibility study (NCT02528175) for patients undergoing rectal cancer retreatment using concurrent chemoradiation and mild hyperthermia with MR-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients were deemed ineligible for salvage surgery and were evaluated in a multidisciplinary fashion with a surgical oncologist, radiation oncologist and medical oncologist. Radiation was delivered to a dose of 30.6 Gy in 1.8 Gy per fraction with concurrent capecitabine. MR-HIFU was delivered on days 1, 8 and 15 of concurrent chemoradiation. Our primary objective was feasibility and toxicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six patients (total 11 screened) were treated with concurrent chemoradiation and mild hyperthermia with MR-HIFU. Tumor size varied between 3.1-16.6 cm. Patients spent an average of 228 min in the MRI suite and sonication with the external transducer lasted an average of 35 min. There were no complications on the day of the MR-HIFU procedure and all acute toxicities (no grade >/=3 toxicities) resolved after completion of treatment. There were no late grade >/=3 toxicities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mild hyperthermia with MR-HIFU, in combination with concurrent chemoradiation for appropriately selected patients, is safe for localized pelvic recurrences from rectal cancer. The potential for MR-HIFU to be applied in the recurrent setting in rectal cancer treatment requires further technical development and prospective evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hyperthermia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Percutaneous microwave ablation, perfusion, and reconstruction combined with a synthetic bone substitute in symptomatic bone cysts: a minimum of 26 months follow-up.","authors":"Wenhan Huang, Yuan Yan, Chongquan Huang, Hongyi Liao, Jinpeng Lin, Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2345382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2024.2345382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective was to describe the technique and clinical outcome of microwave thermal ablation (MWA) and perfusion combined with synthetic bone substitutes in treating unicameral bone cysts (UBCs) in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 14 consecutive patients were enrolled by percutaneous MWA and saline irrigation combined with synthetic bone substitutes. Clinical follow-up included the assessment of pain, swelling, and functional mobility. Radiological parameters included tumor volume, physis-cyst distance, cortical thickness of the thinnest cortical bone, and the Modified Neer classification system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean follow-up was 28.9 months (26-52 months). All UBCs were primary, and all patients underwent the MWA, saline perfusion, and reconstruction combined with a synthetic bone substitute session, except for one patient (7.1%) who required a second session. All patients had good clinical results at the final follow-up. Satisfactory cyst healing was achieved in 13 cases according to radiological parameters. Tumor volume decreased from a mean of 49.7 cm³ before surgery treatment to 13.9 cm³ at the final follow-up (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The physis-cyst distance increased from a mean of 3.17-4.83 cm at the final follow-up (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Cortical thickness improved from a mean of 1.1 mm to 2.0 mm at the final follow-up (<i>p</i> < 0.01). According to the proposed radiological criteria, our results were considered successful (Grading I and II) in 13 patients (92.9%) at the final follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Percutaneous microwave ablation combined with a bone graft substitute is a minimally invasive, effective, safe, and cost-effective approach to treating primary bone cysts in the limbs of adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":14137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hyperthermia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subminute thermal damage to cell types present in the skin.","authors":"Meagan Doppegieter, Ton G van Leeuwen, Angela van Weert, Maurice C G Aalders, Erik N T P Bakker","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2354435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2024.2354435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psoriasis is characterized by an increase in the proliferation of keratinocytes and nerve fiber activity, contributing to the typical skin lesions. Pulsed Dye Laser (PDL) treatment is effective for the treatment of psoriatic lesions but its mechanism remains unclear. One hypothesis is that PDL causes thermal damage by the diffusion of heat to neighboring structures in lesional skin. There is limited information on the thermal sensitivity of these neighboring skin cells when exposed to hyperthermia for durations lasting less than a minute. Our study aimed to investigate the cell-specific responses to heat using sub-minute exposure times and moderate to ablative hyperthermia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cultured human endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, neuronal cells, and keratinocytes were exposed to various time (2-20 sec) and temperature (45-70 °C) combinations. Cell viability was assessed by measuring intracellular ATP content 24 h after thermal exposure and this data was used to calculate fit parameters for the Arrhenius model and CEM43 calculations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show significant differences in cell survival between cell types (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Especially within the range of 50-60 °C, survival of neuronal cells and keratinocytes was significantly less than that of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. No statistically significant difference was found in the lethal dose (LT50) of thermal energy between neuronal cells and keratinocytes. However, CEM43 calculations showed significant differences between all four cell types.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results imply that there is a cell-type-dependent sensitivity to thermal damage which suggests that neuronal cells and keratinocytes are particularly susceptible to diffusing heat from laser treatment. Damage to these cells may aid in modulating the neuro-inflammatory pathways in psoriasis. These data provide insight into the potential mechanisms of PDL therapy for psoriasis and advance our understanding of how thermal effects may play a role in its effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":14137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hyperthermia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140957222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in liver and kidney function, red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels 1 day after ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for uterine fibroids.","authors":"Xiao-Yu Huang, Qin-Sheng Lu, Shao-Ping Wu, Han-Ming Huang, Yong-Fa Zhang","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2338542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2024.2338542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the changes in liver and kidney function, red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin (HGB) levels in patients undergoing ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (UPMWA) for uterine fibroids on postoperative day 1.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The changes in liver and kidney function, RBC count and HGB levels in 181 patients who underwent selective UPMWA in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, China, between August 2017 and January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients underwent UPMWA for uterine fibroids; 179 patients had multiple uterine fibroids and 2 patients had single uterine fibroids. The maximum fibroid diameter ranged from 18 to 140 mm, with an average of 68.3 mm. Ultrasound imaging was used to confirm that the blood flow signal within the mass had disappeared in all patients, indicating that the ablation was effective. Within 24 h, compared with before UPMWA, levels of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase had significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01), whereas levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine and urea had significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in 1 of the 181 patients. The RBC count and HGB levels decreased significantly after UPMWA (<i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for uterine fibroids can impose a higher detoxification load on the liver and cause thermal damage to and the destruction of RBCs within local circulation, potentially leading to AKI. Protein levels significantly decreased after UPMWA. Therefore, perioperative organ function protection measures and treatment should be actively integrated into clinical practice to improve prognosis and enhance recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hyperthermia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic ultrasound transducer technology and monitoring techniques: a review with clinical examples.","authors":"Maxime Lafond, Allison Payne, Cyril Lafon","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2389288","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2389288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exponential growth of therapeutic ultrasound applications demonstrates the power of the technology to leverage the combinations of transducer technology and treatment monitoring techniques to effectively control the preferred bioeffect to elicit the desired clinical effect.<b>Objective:</b> This review provides an overview of the most commonly used bioeffects in therapeutic ultrasound and describes existing transducer technologies and monitoring techniques to ensure treatment safety and efficacy.<b>Methods and materials:</b> Literature reviews were conducted to identify key choices that essential in terms of transducer design, treatment parameters and procedure monitoring for therapeutic ultrasound applications. Effective combinations of these options are illustrated through descriptions of several clinical indications, including uterine fibroids, prostate disease, liver cancer, and brain cancer, that have been successful in leveraging therapeutic ultrasound to provide effective patient treatments.<b>Results:</b> Despite technological constraints, there are multiple ways to achieve a desired bioeffect with therapeutic ultrasound in a target tissue. Visualizations of the interplay of monitoring modality, bioeffect, and applied acoustic parameters are presented that demonstrate the interconnectedness of the field of therapeutic ultrasound. While the clinical indications explored in this review are at different points in the clinical evaluation path, based on the ever expanding research being conducted in preclinical realms, it is clear that additional clinical applications of therapeutic ultrasound that utilize a myriad of bioeffects will continue to grow and improve in the coming years.<b>Conclusions:</b> Therapeutic ultrasound will continue to improve in the next decades as the combination of transducer technology and treatment monitoring techniques will continue to evolve and be translated in clinical settings, leading to more personalized and efficient therapeutic ultrasound mediated therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hyperthermia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with ultrasound-guided suction curettage at different time intervals for Cesarean scar pregnancy: a retrospective study.","authors":"Yan Peng, Yu Dai, Cuili Wen, Guiyuan Yu, Ping Jin","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2388653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2024.2388653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of combining high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) with ultrasound-guided suction curettage for the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) at different time intervals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 115 CSP patients were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the time between HIFU ablation and suction curettage. Group A (<i>n</i> = 50) underwent suction curettage 24-48 h after HIFU ablation, while Group B (<i>n</i> = 65) had suction curettage within 6 h of HIFU ablation. The study compared and analyzed the clinical characteristics, treatment success rates, and intraoperative hemorrhage during ultrasound-guided suction curettage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The demographic characteristics of the two groups were similar, with no statistically significant differences observed in HIFU parameters, treatment success rates, blood loss, the use of Foley catheter balloons, or hospital expenses (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Importantly, suction curettage performed within 6 h after HIFU ablation resulted in shorter hospitalization times compared to suction curettage performed 24-48 h after the ablation (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Suction curettage within 6 h after HIFU ablation is an effective, safe, and cost-efficient treatment for patients diagnosed with CSP.</p>","PeriodicalId":14137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hyperthermia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142286427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal ablation enhances immunotherapeutic effect of IP-001 on orthotopic liver cancer in a rat model.","authors":"Yan Li, Samuel S K Lam, Chun Fung Wong, Tomas Hode, David Anderson, Robert C G Martin","doi":"10.1080/02656736.2024.2413591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02656736.2024.2413591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thermal ablation is reported to increase immunogenicity in tumor cells via expressing tumor antigens. IP-001, a synthesized molecule, is created by attaching galactose molecules to the free amino groups of partially deacetylated glucosamine polymers. As a member of a new class of polycationic immunoadjuvants that activate multiple immune response pathways, IP-001 can both sequester ablation-released tumor antigens <i>in situ</i> and independently recruit and stimulate antigen presenting cells (APCs) to induce a potent tumor-specific Th1 type T cell response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An orthotopic HCC rat model is established by implantation of 5 × 10⁶ N1-S1 cells into the left lobe of liver. When tumor size reached 1.0-1.5 cm³, the animals were divided randomly into 4 groups, (1) MWA+IP-001; (2) MWA+saline; (3) sham MWA+IP-001 and (4) sham MWA+saline (<i>n</i> = 5 each group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IP001 + MWA treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth in comparison to the other 3 groups. Significantly increased infiltration of inflammatory/immune cells were found in the tumor adjacent tissues of MWA+IP-001 mice, compared to the other 3 groups. Flow cytometry results indicated that there were significant increases of cytotoxic T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and NK cell in the combination of MWA and IP001 treated mice, compared to other 3 groups (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Significantly decreased number of Treg cells were found in all the treatment arms compared to untreated control (<i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combination of MWA and IP001 enhances tumor suppression in an orthotopic HCC rat model. The tumor suppression is associated to the enhanced immune responses in terms of recruiting the important cell subpopulations such as CD8 + T-cells and NK cells into tumor microenvironment and abolishing immune suppressor such as Treg cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":14137,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hyperthermia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}