KIEP: World Economy Brief (WEB) (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of Free Trade Agreements on Smes’ Direct and Indirect Exports","authors":"Kyong Hyun Koo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3820215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3820215","url":null,"abstract":"FTAs have been known to have large positive effects on trade creation between member countries. However, it is relatively unexplored how much small/medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) accounted for in the trade creation due to FTAs compared to large-sized enterprises (LEs). We find that Korean FTA policies have significantly increased SMEs’ direct exports to FTA partner countries between 2005 and 2017, although the effects were as much as a half of those for LEs, which indicates a considerable LEs’ premium in the direct export effects of FTAs. We further find that the FTAs also significantly increased the indirect exports of Korean firms, i.e., the domestic input supplies through in-dustrial input-output linkage, and that SMEs have benefited more from the indirect export effects of FTAs than LEs. Considering the direct and indirect export effects together, the LEs’ premium in the total export effects of FTA is found to become smaller.","PeriodicalId":141085,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: World Economy Brief (WEB) (Topic)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132820212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Korea’s Macroprudential Policies for Capital Flows: Accomplishments and Road to Improvement","authors":"S. An, Taesoo Kang, Kyunghun Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3817249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3817249","url":null,"abstract":"In 2010, Korea’s authorities announced foreign exchange-related macroprudential measures (MPMs) aimed at building resilience against external financial shocks. These measures have greatly contributed to limit systemic risk by curbing excessive capital inflows. Twelve years have passed since the global financial crisis started and ten years after the introduction of Korea’s FX-related macro-prudential policy measures. Accordingly, this study check the performance and effectiveness of these policies and discuss how to improve macroprudential measures in response to emerging external risks.","PeriodicalId":141085,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: World Economy Brief (WEB) (Topic)","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116494816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of US-China Rivalry on Latin America and Their Implications","authors":"Sŭng-ŭn Hong, Yeo Joon Yoon, Jin-O Kim, J. Rim, Jimin Nam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3817136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3817136","url":null,"abstract":"The conflict between the United States and China may be the issue of most importance as well as interest to the world, prior to COVID-19. This conflict between the two countries is appearing not only in the economic sector, but also in various field such as politics, diplomacy, and military affairs. Such competition between the two countries is likely to escalate further as multilateral systems such as the WTO are threatened and protectionism intensifies in the post-COVID-19 world. Even within Latin America, the competition between the two countries frequently appears in a variety of forms. Conflicts between the United States and China in Latin America tend to occur mainly in the infrastructure sectors. Furthermore, the United States pressured Latin American countries to choose between the United States and China, with the results of this pressure depending on the political orientation of the ruling government. In order to investigate the impact of retaliatory tariffs between the two countries on Latin American countries’ exports and welfare, we employ an event analysis for exports and computational general equilibrium (CGE) model for welfare, with Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Chile as the subject of our analysis. Based on the outcome of the event study, Brazil’s exports to the United States moderately increased due to the tariff imposition, and such an effect persisted for short term. Its exports to China rose considerably immediately after the tariff imposition, and then the impact tended to decrease over time. By contrast, it is difficult to conclude that the tariff imposition had a statistically significant and lasting effect on the exports of the remaining three countries to the United States and China. As a result of the analysis using the CGE model, meanwhile, the tariffs imposed between the United States and China trivially increased the welfare of Latin American countries.","PeriodicalId":141085,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: World Economy Brief (WEB) (Topic)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115495149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fourth Industrial Revolution in Japan: Technology to Address Social Challenges","authors":"Gyupan Kim, Hyong-Kun Lee, Boram Lee, Jungeun Lee, Wonju Son","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3815376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3815376","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, the challenges posed by its low birthrate and aging population expanded rapidly with the collapse of the bubble economy in the early 1990s, and in March 2011, energy and environmental problems such as power supply shortages and nuclear radiation issues occurred in the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima nuclear accident. Also, with the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in January 2020, digital transformation has emerged as a social challenge. In particular, Japan's aging population combined with a decrease in the working age population, has caused the government to face fiscal crisis due to the burden of social insurance, and a sense of crisis of labor shortage in the medical, manufacturing and logistics sectors. This is also leading to a sense of crisis at local governments as well, seen with the collapse of the medical service supply system under “Tokyo centralization,” the rapid increase of the vulnerable in transportation due to the super-aging of rural areas, and the risk of extinction of local communities. The analysis on the healthcare and medical care sectors was conducted in chapter 2, and the manufacturing, mobility, and logistics sectors in Chapter 3, and the local revitalization in Chapter 4 respectively. And chapter 5 of conclusion remarks presents policy implications for the Korean government.","PeriodicalId":141085,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: World Economy Brief (WEB) (Topic)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122531940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revitalization of Korea's Exports of Consumption Goods to Southeast Asia","authors":"Gyupan Kim, Sooyoung Lee, Hyong-Kun Lee, Boram Lee, Jungeun Lee, Bo‐Young Choi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3407210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3407210","url":null,"abstract":"China’s gradual introduction of “open-door” policy in the late 1970s had the effect of expanding the country’s influence in the global market. This is especially true in the Northeast Asian region, where China is the major destination for intermediate goods from Korea and Japan, and all three countries benefit from the supply chain. However, Korea’s excessive dependence on China for exports was found to be problematic with the rise of the THAAD issue and China’s consequent economic retaliations, driving home the need for Korea to diversify its export destinations. Moreover, China’s technology level is developing at a rapid speed, replacing imported intermediate goods with domestic ones, further warranting a change in Korea’s export strategy. Southeast Asia is one of the emerging alternative markets in the world economy. The region has been growing at a faster rate than the world average, even with the rest of the world experiencing a slow pace of growth. In addition, Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand are a promising marketplace for Korea due to the popularity of the Korean Wave in the region. While there is a plethora of studies concerning intermediate goods trade in Korea, China, and Japan, there is a considerable lack of research on consumption goods trade, despite it also being a very important tool in achieving trade diversification. As such, this study seeks to derive policy implications for Korea’s exports of consumption goods to the Southeast Asian market, by comparing and analyzing the current status and competitiveness of Korea against China and Japan—its main competitors—in the three Southeast Asian countries of Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. In doing so, we attempt to provide suggestions for the diversification and enhancement of Korea’s exports.","PeriodicalId":141085,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: World Economy Brief (WEB) (Topic)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123765574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis on the Competitiveness and Difficulties in Korea’s Export to India","authors":"C. Cho, Young Chul Song, Jung Mi Lee, Chihyun Yun","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3407184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3407184","url":null,"abstract":"In July 2018, President Moon Jae-in announced the new target of achieving $50 billion in trade between India and Korea by 2030 following a summit meeting with Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India. Despite the Korean government naming India as a key partner in line with its New Southern Policy, trade between the two countries had remained stagnant since reaching the $20 billion mark in 2011. <br><br>Fortunately, we are seeing new momentum in export expansion as exports have surpassed the record high of $15 billion in the past two consecutive years. This could indicate we have entered a crucial point where we must finds ways to sustain this driving force if Korea is to continue expanding exports. As such, this study mainly focuses on Korea's export to India, identifying the factors contributing to export stagnation, and going on to present policy suggestions to enhance Korea’s export competitiveness in the Indian market. <br>","PeriodicalId":141085,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: World Economy Brief (WEB) (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127673225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China's Digitalization and its Implications for China-South Korea Economic Cooperation","authors":"Mingshen Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3299410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3299410","url":null,"abstract":"As the second largest economy in the world, China is experiencing a new wave of digitalization with new drivers. This paper identifies the complementarities in digitalization between China and South Korea in order to provide policy suggestions on how the two countries should cooperate in the digitalization journey to achieve quality-oriented and innovative economic growth. To that end, a digitalization matrix is developed as a framework to capture the elements of digitalization and analyze the gap of digitalization between China and South Korea by measuring the matrix. The analysis can show the strength and weakeness of digitalization between the two countries in absolute gap and exibit the relative gap among all elements across the matrix. Based on the result of the analysis, this paper investigates whether and to what extent the two countries can tap into the complementary assets. As a conclusion, this paper suggests four ways for China-South Korea economic cooperation in digitalization: enhancing the policy coordination in digitalization, sparking up multi-level collaboration on smart city initiatives, screening areas with high complementarity to boost industrial digitalization, and sharing the experience of promoting digital economy governance. <br>","PeriodicalId":141085,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: World Economy Brief (WEB) (Topic)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123165099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Korean SMEs' Management Performance in Southeast Asia and Its Policy Implications","authors":"Sungil Kwak","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3299402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3299402","url":null,"abstract":"While many Korean SMEs have entered the Southeast Asian market, there are still very few studies that have conducted fundamental research of their management. Instead, there have been abundant studies on how to enter the Southeast Asian market, listing the needs of Korean companies that wish to enter the region. When considering the recent status of Korean SMEs in Southeast Asia who are establishing a regional production network (RPN) with major Korean corporations, there is a need for current data on the management of Korean SMEs in Southeast Asia, upon which future directions can be based and government support policies prepared. This study aims to address this need.","PeriodicalId":141085,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: World Economy Brief (WEB) (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134435734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Economic Openness on Korea's Income Distribution","authors":"Young gui Kim, Sihoon Nahm, Hyeyoon Keum, N. Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3299296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3299296","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the current status of Korea's income distribution, we decompose its income inequality index. Next, we analyze the effects of economic openness on income distribution with two different datasets: international country-level data and Korean industry-level data. Based on the analysis above, we make some policy suggestions.","PeriodicalId":141085,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: World Economy Brief (WEB) (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127278023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investment Climate in the EAEU and Korea's Entry Strategy","authors":"Jae-Young Lee, Cheol-Won Lee, Jiyoung Min","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3098107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3098107","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes to lay the foundation for economic cooperation and expand industrial cooperation. The following four measures are the keys to create an institutional base for economic cooperation. First, it will be critical to conclude a Korea-EAEU FTA. Such an FTA would provide a new concept for strategic cooperation in the so-called \"Eurasian value-chain system,\" as well as in the new Eurasian growth space. It will be a window of opportunity for the Eurasian region to establish significant links with Korea, and to bring the APEC region closer to Russia. Second, utilizing the Korea-Russia investment platform when entering the EAEU market is an important element. The Korea-Russia investment platform created in 2013 has not been utilized at all up to now. Through discussion with Russia, it will be necessary to adjust the investment destinations, industries, methods, and scope of cooperation to employ the platform. In this way, the platform can be expanded and become more useful and effective. Third, designing investment package support programs for SMEs is another significant measure. Overseas investment by SMEs will be important in building a foundation for cooperation with the EAEU when considering the economic complementarity of the two sides. Such collaboration is possible due to the EAEU’s demand for modernization in its manufacturing sector. Job creation and competitiveness improvement could be realized through the sophistication and internationalization of Korean SMEs. Fourth, it will be necessary to establish a \"graduate school for Eurasian policy.\" When the agenda of strengthening cooperation with Russia and the northern countries is incorporated into Korea's mid- and long-term international strategy, it will become an urgent task to build a human resources nurturing system. Thus the founding of such a graduate school should be seriously considered. Given Russia's growing political and economic presence in the international community, it is necessary to train elite talent to deal with issues regarding the EAEU. In order to lay the institutional foundation, a close cooperation between the two sides is significant, perhaps by reorganizing or newly launching channels under the governments. Also necessary will be an organization that is mainly dedicated to Eurasian issues. Most importantly, embarking on negotiations for a Korea-EAEU FTA should come first to promote investment between Korea and the EAEU. Members of the EAEU think that the Korea–EAEU FTA has to extend beyond the scope of conventional FTAs. Bilateral industrial cooperation stimulated by Korea's investment must be included and enhanced. To enable Korea-EAEU FTA negotiations to commence, an \"investment promotion committee\" should be formed and the needs of EAEU member states must be discussed. At the same time, it will be necessary to establish a \"northern cooperation fund\" which supports SMEs to enter the EAEU market under the Ministry of Strategy and Finance. The positive ef","PeriodicalId":141085,"journal":{"name":"KIEP: World Economy Brief (WEB) (Topic)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128203044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}