Fourth Industrial Revolution in Japan: Technology to Address Social Challenges

Gyupan Kim, Hyong-Kun Lee, Boram Lee, Jungeun Lee, Wonju Son
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Abstract

In Japan, the challenges posed by its low birthrate and aging population expanded rapidly with the collapse of the bubble economy in the early 1990s, and in March 2011, energy and environmental problems such as power supply shortages and nuclear radiation issues occurred in the wake of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima nuclear accident. Also, with the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in January 2020, digital transformation has emerged as a social challenge. In particular, Japan's aging population combined with a decrease in the working age population, has caused the government to face fiscal crisis due to the burden of social insurance, and a sense of crisis of labor shortage in the medical, manufacturing and logistics sectors. This is also leading to a sense of crisis at local governments as well, seen with the collapse of the medical service supply system under “Tokyo centralization,” the rapid increase of the vulnerable in transportation due to the super-aging of rural areas, and the risk of extinction of local communities. The analysis on the healthcare and medical care sectors was conducted in chapter 2, and the manufacturing, mobility, and logistics sectors in Chapter 3, and the local revitalization in Chapter 4 respectively. And chapter 5 of conclusion remarks presents policy implications for the Korean government.
日本第四次工业革命:应对社会挑战的技术
在日本,随着20世纪90年代初泡沫经济的崩溃,低出生率和人口老龄化带来的挑战迅速扩大,2011年3月,东日本大地震和福岛核事故之后,出现了电力供应短缺和核辐射问题等能源和环境问题。此外,随着2020年1月冠状病毒大流行的开始,数字化转型已成为一项社会挑战。特别是日本人口老龄化和劳动年龄人口减少,使政府面临社会保险负担带来的财政危机,以及医疗、制造、物流等领域的劳动力短缺危机感。“东京中心化”下的医疗服务供给体系崩溃、农村超高龄化导致的交通弱势群体迅速增加、地方社区濒临灭绝等,地方自治团体也因此产生了危机感。第二章对医疗保健行业进行了分析,第三章对制造业、交通运输业和物流业进行了分析,第四章对地方振兴进行了分析。结束语第五章为韩国政府的政策启示。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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