International Journal of Gynecological Cancer最新文献

{"title":"BEHOLD-1 and -2: phase 1/2 randomized studies evaluating the B7 homolog 4 protein-targeted antibody-drug conjugate mocertatug rezetecan in patients with solid tumors, including endometrial and ovarian cancers.","authors":"Stephanie Lheureux, Diane Provencher, Sofia Baka, Ruben Kowalyszyn, Tim Schutte, Yüksel Ürün, Xing Zeng, Ana Oaknin, Domenica Lorusso, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Victor Moreno, Katriina Jalkanen, Lisa Liu Burström, Marloes G J van Dongen, Valentina Boni, Jung-Yun Lee, Philippe L Bedard, Izabela A Malinowska, Morrys Kaisermann, William McKean","doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.105607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.105607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>B7 homolog 4 protein (B7-H4) is an immunoregulatory protein that is overexpressed in gynecological cancers and has limited expression in normal tissues. Mocertatug rezetecan (Mo-Rez; GSK5733584) is a novel antibody-drug conjugate comprising an anti-B7-H4 antibody conjugated to a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor payload via a protease-cleavable linker and has shown early clinical activity in gynecological cancers.</p><p><strong>Primary objective: </strong>The BEHOLD program is evaluating the safety, tolerability, and preliminary anti-tumor activity of mocertatug rezetecan as monotherapy (BEHOLD-1) and as combination therapy (BEHOLD-2) in gynecological cancers.</p><p><strong>Study hypothesis: </strong>Mocertatug rezetecan monotherapy or combination therapy has a manageable safety profile and clinically meaningful anti-tumor activity in gynecological cancers.</p><p><strong>Trial design: </strong>BEHOLD-1 is a phase 1a/b study evaluating doses of intravenous mocertatug rezetecan in advanced solid tumors (phase 1a: dose escalation; phase 1b: randomized dose optimization/expansion). The phase 1/2 BEHOLD-2 study evaluates doses of intravenous mocertatug rezetecan with intravenous dostarlimab in endometrial cancer or with intravenous bevacizumab in ovarian cancer (part A: dose exploration; part B: dose expansion).</p><p><strong>Major inclusion/exclusion criteria: </strong>Eligible patients are defined as follows: BEHOLD-1 phase 1a: patients with advanced solid tumors; BEHOLD-1 phase 1b: patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer or advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer; BEHOLD-2 part A: patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer or advanced ovarian cancer; BEHOLD-2 part B: patients with second-line-or-later mismatch repair proficient or microsatellite stable endometrial cancer or second-line-or-later platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. For both studies, patients must have measurable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1).</p><p><strong>Primary endpoints: </strong>BEHOLD-1 phase 1a: dose-limiting toxicities. BEHOLD-1 phase 1b: confirmed objective response rate per RECIST v1.1. BEHOLD-2 part A: dose-limiting toxicities and safety. BEHOLD-2 part B: confirmed objective response rate per RECIST v1.1.</p><p><strong>Sample size: </strong>BEHOLD-1: approximately 675 patients. BEHOLD-2: approximately 305 patients.</p><p><strong>Estimated dates for completing accrual and presenting results: </strong>BEHOLD-1: September 2027. BEHOLD-2: June 2027.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>BEHOLD-1: NCT06431594. BEHOLD-2: NCT06796907.</p>","PeriodicalId":14097,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"105607"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed endometrial mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma with atypical hyperplasia.","authors":"Bhanupriya Kakarala, Rongying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.105602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.105602","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14097,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"105602"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correspondence on \"Outcomes of sentinel lymph node mapping algorithm for patients with locally advanced endometrial carcinoma\" by Huang et al.","authors":"Li Wang, Wei-Lin Pu, Qiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2025.102813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2025.102813","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14097,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"102813"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145714259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors accounting for excess uterine cancer mortality among insured Black versus White patients treated within the same US health care system.","authors":"Elizabeth J Suh-Burgmann, Claudia Nau, Holly Finertie, Haoyuan Zhong, Michael Bookman, Devansu Tewari, Sarah Dolisca, Julie A Schmittdiel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess factors contributing to the survival disparity between insured Black and White patients with uterine cancer treated within the same large US health care system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort analysis of Black and White patients diagnosed with uterine cancer from 2005 to 2022 while members of a large community-based integrated US health care system. Five domains of factors potentially contributing to survival were characterized: co-morbidities, diagnostic process, treatment, tumor characteristics, and socioeconomic factors. Using logistic regression, propensity scores were calculated and used to sequentially balance Black and White patients for each of these domains, evaluating the effect of balancing each domain on the hazard ratio (HR) for 5-year mortality for Black versus White patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing 11,878 White with 2196 Black patients, the HR for 5-year mortality for Black patients, adjusted for baseline characteristics and co-morbidities, was 2.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79 to 2.33). Substantial reductions in excess mortality were observed after balancing tumor factors, which reduced the HR to 1.31 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.53), and socioeconomic factors, which further reduced the HR to 1.08 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.28). No significant reduction was observed after balancing co-morbidity, diagnostic, or treatment factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among insured patients treated within the same US health care system, Black patients had approximately twice the mortality risk of White patients, with 70.8% of the excess relative risk of death among Black patients being attributable to tumor characteristics, 21.4% attributable to socioeconomic status, and 7.8% un-explained. Co-morbidities, diagnostic efficiency, and treatment quality were not significant contributors relative to other factors. These findings suggest that eliminating disparities in survival between Black and White patients will require development of more effective treatments for high-risk tumor types and interventions that mitigate the negative effects of lower socioeconomic status on health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14097,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"104589"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147372688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical volume, structural quality, and compliance with European Society of Gynaecological Oncology quality indicators in endometrial and cervical cancer: a regional cross-sectional assessment.","authors":"Jvan Casarin, Tommaso Bianchi, Valter Torri, Mario G Melazzini, Alessandro Scardoni, Giuseppina M R Valenti, Carlo P Soatti, Monica Giordano, Fabio Landoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate regional compliance with European Society of Gynaecological Oncology quality indicators for the surgical treatment of endometrial and cervical cancer and to assess the degree of centralization within a large regional Italian health care system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional population-based assessment was conducted across all 111 hospitals in Lombardy, Italy. Disease-specific questionnaires derived from European Society of Gynaecological Oncology quality indicators for endometrial and cervical cancer were distributed between January and March 2024. Surgical volumes for 2022-2023 were independently validated through administrative datasets using International Classification of Diseases diagnostic and procedural codes. Endometrial and cervical cancer were analyzed as separate disease-specific domains within a single regional quality-assessment framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2948 endometrial and 628 cervical cancer surgeries were performed during the study period. For endometrial cancer, 21 centers fulfilled all essential qualitative criteria, whereas 6 simultaneously met the volume, minimally invasive surgery, and nodal staging benchmarks. Nineteen centers performed more than one procedure per month and satisfied essential standards, accounting for 60% of regional cases; this monthly activity threshold was used only as an exploratory descriptor and not as an accreditation benchmark. Sentinel lymph node staging ≥70% and minimally invasive surgery ≥60% were achieved primarily in high-volume institutions. Molecular classification, including POLE testing, was available in 42.3% of centers in-house and through network collaboration in 42%. For cervical cancer, multi-disciplinary team availability exceeded 85%, but fertility-sparing protocols and structured ultra-staging were inconsistently implemented. Across both diseases, delays beyond 6 to 8 weeks for initiation of adjuvant therapy were frequent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Endometrial and cervical cancer care in Lombardy is partially aligned with European Society of Gynaecological Oncology-derived quality standards, with relevant disease-specific and institutional variability. These cross-sectional data provide a baseline for strengthening referral pathways, molecular diagnostic workflows, surgical staging quality, and time-to-treatment monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":14097,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Cancer","volume":"36 9","pages":"104847"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148591063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the prophylactic use of compression garments reduce the risk of lower limb lymphedema after pelvic and/or inguinal lymphadenectomy for gynecological cancer? A systematic review.","authors":"Stefano Gentileschi, Giorgia Garganese, Simona Maria Fragomeni, Luca Tagliaferri, Anna Fagotti, Anna Amelia Caretto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our goal was to assess whether prophylactic compression garments reduce lower-limb lymphedema after pelvic/inguinal lymphadenectomy for gynecologic malignancies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.-based systematic review. Eligible studies included primary interventional studies evaluating prophylactic lower-limb compression after pelvic and/or inguinal lymphadenectomy for gynecological malignancies; systematic/rapid reviews were considered for contextual background and reference checking; studies focused on treatment of established lymphedema or non-relevant populations/outcomes were excluded. The Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome question was: in women undergoing pelvic and/or inguinal lymphadenectomy for gynecological malignancy (P), does prophylactic use of compression garments (I), compared with no compression garments or non-compressive preventive strategies (C), reduce the incidence of lower-limb lymphedema (O)? PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, LILACS, and SciELO were searched from inception through March8 2026, using Medical Subject Headings and free-text terms related to compression garments, lymphedema prevention, pelvic or inguinal lymphadenectomy, gynecological cancer, and lower-limb lymphedema.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 536 full-text reports were assessed; 6 gynecological oncology randomized controlled trials met the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome criteria; one additional mixed-population randomized controlled trial was treated as indirect evidence. Two systematic/rapid reviews were used for contextual background/reference checking; multimodal prevention studies were discussed as evidence for multimodal pathways because compression effects could not be isolated. Randomized controlled trials were heterogeneous: small trials using class I to II stockings did not demonstrate a significant reduction in lower-limb lymphedema, although they suggested a potential benefit. One randomized controlled trial (n = 64) showed a reduction in lymphedema incidence (3.4% vs 38.7%) with class II (23-32 mmHg) stockings worn for 12 months, alongside education and physical activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prophylactic compression-particularly early, prolonged class II stockings within structured rehabilitation-was associated with lower lymphedema incidence in some studies; evidence remains limited by small, heterogeneous trials, no meta-analysis, and multimodal interventions where compression effects cannot be isolated.</p>","PeriodicalId":14097,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Cancer","volume":"36 9","pages":"104840"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148619911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility-sparing surgery in patients with advanced borderline ovarian tumors.","authors":"Tommaso Bianchi, Marta Jaconi, Elena De Ponti, Tommaso Grassi, Martina Bombelli, Giorgia Pecis Cavagna, Marta Seca, Jasmine Corti, Alessandra Inzoli, Daniela Giuliani, Gaetano Trezzi, Alessandra Casiraghi, Laura Russo, Stefania Chiari, Andrea Alberto Lissoni, Robert Fruscio","doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Data on fertility-sparing surgery in advanced borderline ovarian tumors are limited to retrospective series and suggest concerning fertility outcomes. We aimed to study the long-term fertility and reproductive outcomes of patients with stage IIA to IIIC borderline ovarian tumors treated with fertility-sparing surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single-institution study included patients younger than 45 years with stage IIA to IIIC borderline ovarian tumors treated with fertility-sparing surgery from 1985 to 2021. Primary end points were the rates of pregnancies and live births among women attempting to conceive. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the impact of different covariates on the occurrence of pregnancies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 86 patients were included in the study. The median follow-up was 182 months. Fifty patients (58%) actively attempted to conceive, 5 of whom were referred to a reproductive medicine center. Forty-two patients successfully achieved 76 pregnancies, and 63 live births occurred in 40 women, yielding an overall pregnancy and live birth rates of 84% and 80%, respectively. Of the 76 pregnancies, 40 occurred before any relapse, while 28 and 8 occurred after the first and second recurrences, respectively. Similarly, of the 63 live births, 35 occurred before any relapse, whereas 22 and 6 occurred after the first and second recurrences. Thirty-five (40.7%) patients underwent subsequent radical surgery, 29 for recurrence and 6 as completion surgery, after a median time of 96 months. The median age at radical surgery was 40 years. Among patients who did not undergo radical surgery, 11 experienced spontaneous menopause during follow-up at a median age of 41 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite high recurrence rates, fertility-sparing surgery yields satisfactory fertility outcomes in patients with advanced borderline ovarian tumors, irrespective of disease stage or surgical approach, and should be considered both as a primary treatment strategy and as a feasible option for recurrent disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14097,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Cancer","volume":"36 9","pages":"104846"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148602661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the enthusiasm: a critical appraisal of topical human papillomavirus therapies.","authors":"Carlos Humberto Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104907","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14097,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Cancer","volume":"36 9","pages":"104907"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical cancer screening among transgender and gender diverse individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Amelia Srajer, John M Hutchinson, Amy Metcalfe, Darren R Brenner, Kristin A Black, Fiona Mattatall, Ioana Nicolau, Paul E Ronksley","doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies comparing cervical cancer screening participation and Pap cytology results between transgender/gender diverse individuals and cisgender female individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched from database inception to January 7, 2026, by 2 independent reviewers. Primary observational studies reporting up-to-date cervical cancer screening and/or Pap test results in transgender/gender diverse individuals with a cervix compared with cisgender female individuals were included. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, data were independently extracted and critically appraised in duplicate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one studies were included, with sample sizes ranging from 116 to 238,036 participants or Pap tests. Twelve studies (57.1%) assessed up-to-date screening, and 9 (42.9%) reported un-satisfactory and abnormal Pap cytology. Compared with cisgender female individuals, transgender/gender diverse individuals had significantly lower odds of being up to date on cervical cancer screening (odds ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.35 to 0.79). Estimates were similar when stratified by self-report versus medical record data. Transgender/gender diverse individuals had more than 9-fold higher odds of un-satisfactory cytology (odds ratio 9.92, 95% confidence interval 7.42 to 13.26). Overall, abnormal cytology did not differ between groups (odds ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.37 to 1.49). In stratified analyses, lower odds of abnormal cytology for transgender/gender diverse individuals were observed among studies with mixed or unspecified testosterone use (odds ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.32 to 0.60) and in studies using all-comer versus atrophic cisgender comparators (odds ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.59). Findings for un-satisfactory cytology did not differ significantly across these strata. There was no evidence of small-study effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transgender/gender diverse individuals with a cervix are less likely to be up to date on cervical cancer screening and more likely to have un-satisfactory Pap cytology. Abnormal cytology appears similar overall but varies across testosterone use and comparator strata. These findings underscore the need for anatomically inclusive, evidence-based screening guidelines and evaluation of alternative approaches, such as primary human papillomavirus testing, to improve cervical cancer screening equity and effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":14097,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Cancer","volume":"36 9","pages":"104850"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148584303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in cervical and endometrial cancer: a multi-center retrospective study (RICE study).","authors":"Rayan Kabirian, Mathilde de Saint Ghislain, Olivia Le Saux, Laurent Mathiot, Jean-Sébastien Frenel, Paule Augereau, Alexandra Forestier, Jean David Fumet, Lauriane Eberst, Stanislas Quesada, Elsa Kalbacher, Céline Lescure, Thibault De La Motte Rouge, Juan Francisco Grau Bejar, Solenn Barraud, Thomas Genevee, Diana Bello Roufai, Manuel Rodrigues, Alexandra Leary","doi":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijgc.2026.104867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved the outcome of patients with cervical and endometrial cancers but the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This national retrospective study was conducted in 10 French academic centers between November 2015 and June 2025, to identify patients with metastatic cervical or endometrial cancer who were rechallenged with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Rechallenge regimens included anti-programmed cell death protein 1/anti-programmed death-ligand 1 agents, administered alone or in combination with chemotherapy or targeted therapy. The primary endpoint was overall objective response rate during initial immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and subsequent rechallenge. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival following the initial and subsequent immune checkpoint inhibitor exposures, and safety (immune-related adverse events).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-nine patients with cervical (n = 20) or endometrial (n = 19) cancer who received immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge after prior immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure were identified. Ten patients who were rechallenged after prior immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure discontinuation for toxicity without subsequent disease progression were excluded from the efficacy analysis and retained for safety analysis only, yielding an efficacy cohort of 29 patients. Objective response rate was 76% (22/29) with prior immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure and 52% (15/29) upon rechallenge. Most patients received anti-programmed cell death protein 1-based therapy at rechallenge (92%), and 72% were treated without concurrent chemotherapy. Median progression-free survival decreased from 11.0 months (95% confidence interval 8.7 to 19.0) with prior immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure to 6.0 months (95% confidence interval 4.0 to 16.0) with immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge. Regarding safety, immune-related adverse events leading to prior immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure discontinuation were mainly colitis (32%) and hepatotoxicity (11%). During rechallenge, 13% of patients discontinued immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge due to toxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in cervical and endometrial cancer is feasible, demonstrates meaningful anti-tumor activity, and is associated with a manageable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":14097,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Gynecological Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"104867"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148648266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}