International Journal of Fertility & Sterility最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of Clove Oil on The Biochemical and Histological Parameters, and Autophagy Markers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Model Rats.","authors":"Malihe Soltani,&nbsp;Maryam Moghimian,&nbsp;Seyd-Hosein Abtahi-Evari,&nbsp;Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili,&nbsp;Ramin Mahdipour,&nbsp;Majid Shokoohi","doi":"10.22074/ijfs.2022.543640.1260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22074/ijfs.2022.543640.1260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether syzygium aromaticum (clove) could help polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this experimental study, forty adult female Wistar rats (weighing 250 ± 10 g) were divided randomly into five groups; G1: control, G2: PCOS group, G3: PCOS+clove (30 mg/kg/ orally/daily) group, G4: PCOS+clove (60 mg/kg/orally/daily) group, and G5: PCOS+gonadectomy group. The PCOS was induced by a single dose injection of estradiol valerate (16 mg/kg/IM). Following PCOS induction, the rats were treated for 14 days. Histological parameters, follicle apoptosis, mRNA expression of autophagy markers (<i>Lc3, Beclin1</i>), oxidative stress markers, insulin and blood glucose levels, as well as serum levels of aromatase and testosterone were evaluated in these rats. Finally, the ratio of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels was also calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The autophagy markers (<i>Lc3, Beclin1</i>), histological parameters, oxidative stress, insulin, and hormone levels changed significantly in the PCOS rats (G2). In G3 and G5 groups, it was observed that the levels of LH/FSH and testosterone decreased significantly in comparison to the PCOS group, and inhibition of autophagy was also observed in these groups. Treatment with cloves in the G3 group significantly improved oxidative stress, histological parameters, and insulin levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrated that oxidative stress, apoptosis, and excessive autophagy could be improved by treatment with low doses of clove and gonadectomy. Cloves may help to improve these parameters by regulating and inhibiting excessive autophagy. However, discovering the direct role of this extract in regulating the parameters such as oxidative stress, insulin, and androgens requires further investigation. In the present study, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":14080,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fertility & Sterility","volume":"17 3","pages":"187-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cb/66/Int-J-Fertil-Steril-17-187.PMC10189158.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9731805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Date Palm Pollen Supplementations on The Expression of <i>PRDX1</i> and <i>PRDX6</i> Genes in Infertile Men: A Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Ali Mohammad Falahati,&nbsp;Soghra Fallahi,&nbsp;Zeinab Allamehzadeh,&nbsp;Maliheh Izadi Raieni,&nbsp;Kianoosh Malekzadeh","doi":"10.22074/ijfs.2022.549291.1264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22074/ijfs.2022.549291.1264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accumulating evidences suggest that date palm pollen (DPP) induces antioxidant activity and improves semen parameters in male rats. However, there is a few scientific evidences in support of the DPP effects on human male fertility. Hence, the effect of oral consumption of DPP on sperm parameters and expression pattern of <i>Peroxiredoxin- 1 (PRDX1)</i> and <i>Peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6)</i> genes was evaluated in men with infertility.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The current controlled clinical trial included 40 men with infertility (DPP group) and 10 normospermic fertile men as controls. The DPP group received gelatinous capsules of DPP (400 mg/kg) for 74 days. Semen sampling was done before and after treatment in the both groups. Semen analysis and 8-isoprostane concentration assessments were performed by computer-assisted sperm analysis and ELISA methods, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays were employed to explore expression of <i>PRDX1</i> and <i>PRDX6</i> genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DPP consumption significantly improved semen volume (P=0.030), count (P<0.001) and morphology of sperm (P=0.023). Concentration of 8-isoprostane was significantly decreased after intervention in the DPP group (P<0.001). DPP consumption led to a significant elevation in the expression of PRDX1 and PRDX6 genes (P<0.001). Elevated gene expression of <i>PRDX6</i> and <i>PRDX1</i> was positively correlated with improved parameters of sperm including count, volume, motility and morphology.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, DPP seems to promote sperm quality through a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing expression of antioxidant genes. Further large-scale studies are required to challenge this hypothesis (registration number: IRCT2015021221014N2).</p>","PeriodicalId":14080,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fertility & Sterility","volume":"17 3","pages":"201-207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8d/65/Int-J-Fertil-Steril-17-201.PMC10189160.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9731810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Herpes Simplex Virus on Semen Parameters in Men with Idiopathic Infertility: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Atefeh Yas,&nbsp;Elaheh Mansouri Ghezelhesari,&nbsp;Elnaz Iranifard,&nbsp;Ali Taghipour,&nbsp;Malihe Mahmoudinia,&nbsp;Robab Latifnejad Roudsari","doi":"10.22074/ijfs.2022.552037.1289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22074/ijfs.2022.552037.1289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infertility due to the male factor is one of the major problems of infertile couples. One of the factors contributing to male infertility could be the herpes simplex virus (HSV). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of HSV on semen parameters. This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Different English and Persian databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, ProQuest as well as SID, Magiran and Iranmedex were searched by two researchers, independently, without time limit until April 15, 2022. Observational studies that reported the relationship between HSV and semen parameters in men with idiopathic infertility were included in this review. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used for quality assessment of the included studies. Out of 356 retrieved articles, 12 observational studies comprising a total of 1460 patients were reviewed. Four studies examined the effect of HSV1 virus, two studies examined the effect of HSV2 virus and five studies examined the effect of both viruses on semen parameters. Seven studies reported at least one significant association between HSV infection and semen parameters. Sperm count and sperm motility were semen parameters further affected by the virus. In conclusion, HSV can be one of the risk factors for male infertility and it can affect semen parameters. However, due to the dearth of studies, further research with more robust designs are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14080,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fertility & Sterility","volume":"17 3","pages":"152-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9a/c0/Int-J-Fertil-Steril-17-152.PMC10189155.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9737703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Early Frozen Blastocyst Transfer in A True Natural Cycle Protocol in Comparison to A Hormone Replacement Protocol: A Single-Center Cohort Study.","authors":"Jenna Gale,&nbsp;Doron Shmorgun,&nbsp;Vanessa Bacal,&nbsp;Marie-Claude Leveille","doi":"10.22074/ijfs.2022.544635.1238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22074/ijfs.2022.544635.1238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Timing of frozen embryo transfer (FET) within a purported window of implantation is of increasing interest, and there is a paucity of evidence surrounding the transfer of frozen embryos early within these frozen embryo transfer protocols. This study aimed to evaluate whether live birth rates were equivalent after FET of blastocysts 4 days after luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in a true natural cycle protocol, compared to a hormone replacement (HR) protocol.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Single-centre, retrospective cohort study involving patients undergoing autologous frozen blastocyst transfer from January 1^st, 2013, to December 31^st, 2016. Cycles were grouped according to their protocol: true natural cycle (hormonal detection of LH surge with FET scheduled four days later) versus HR cycle (luteal phase gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist suppression, oral or vaginal estradiol and intramuscular progesterone starting five days before FET). A total of 850 cycles were included, 501 true natural cycles and 349 HR cycles. The primary outcome was the live birth rate, secondary outcomes included clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage. Logbinomial regression models were performed adjusting for a priori selected variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adjusted resulted in live birth rates of 38.7 and 40.4%, [adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-1.22, P=0.729] in the natural cycle and HR groups, respectively. The secondary outcome analyses did not demonstrate any statistically significant difference in the rate of positive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), clinical intrauterine pregnancy rate, or miscarriage rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The timing of the FET four days after LH surge in a true natural cycle protocol results in equivalent live birth rates compared to a HR protocol. Results of this study suggest that the window of implantation within the natural cycle may be less finite than currently believed and further prospective studies evaluating the timing of frozen embryo transfer are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14080,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fertility & Sterility","volume":"17 3","pages":"195-200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fb/8c/Int-J-Fertil-Steril-17-195.PMC10189159.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9737702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels of DNA, Protein, Lipid Oxidation and Apoptosis Biomarkers in Semen of Men with Hyperviscous Semen: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Nafiseh Khakzad, Fatemeh Ghaderi Barmi, Fateme Hammami, Tahereh Khaneh Zarrin, Hadiseh Beheshti Dafchahi, Sareh Rostami, A. Shahriary, Saman Seyfizadeh Saraabestan","doi":"10.22074/IJFS.2022.546434.1249.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22074/IJFS.2022.546434.1249.","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Semen hyperviscosity is a threatening cause of abnormal spermatozoa and infertility in men. We aimed to evaluate oxidative stress, antioxidants depletion and sperm apoptosis as main reasons for poor quality of spermatozoa in men with hyperviscous semen. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ejaculate specimens were collected from fertile (n=102) and infertile men with hyperviscous semen (n=123) and without semen hyperviscosity (n=143). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and were measured in semen samples to estimate oxidative stress status. Gene expression pattern of BAX, CASPASE-9, CASPASE-3, and BCL2 was assessed to estimate sperm apoptosis. Results: The average of sperm count, normal morphology, normal motility, and sperm vitality in men with hyperviscous semen was significantly lower than infertile subjects without hyperviscous semen (P<0.01). Men with hyperviscous semen exhibited higher levels of PC (8.34 ± 1.03 nmol/mg vs. 6.01 ± 0.93 nmol/mg, P=0.008), MDA (1.14 ± 0.27 nmol/ ml vs. 0.89 ± 0.22 nmol/ml, P=0.031), 8-OHdG (259.71 ± 24.59 ng/ml vs. 197.13 ± 18.47 ng/ml, P=0.009), but lower TAC contents (1250.44 ± 66.23 μM/L vs. 1784.31 ± 89.87 μM/L, P=0.018) and GSH (3.82 ± 1.05 μM vs. 5.89 ± 0.87 μM, P=0.021) than men with non-viscous semen. The expression of BAX, CASPASE-3 and CASPASE-9 genes in men with hyperviscous semen was significantly increased by 1.39-fold (P=0.041), 1.47-fold (P=0.046), 1.29-fold (P=0.048), respectively, as compared with the infertile subjects without hyperviscous semen. However, BCL2 expression in infertile men without hyperviscous semen was higher compared to those with hyperviscous semen (1.36-fold, P=0.044). Conclusion: Hyperviscous semen is markedly associated with depletion of seminal plasma antioxidants, sperm membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA and protein oxidation, and sperm apoptosis. Antioxidant therapy might be considered as a valuable strategy to protect sperm cells against oxidative damage in cases with seminal fluid hyperviscosity.","PeriodicalId":14080,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fertility & Sterility","volume":"29 1","pages":"208 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81299383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Predictive Value of Serum ß-HCG Levels in The Detection of Ectopic Pregnancy Sixteen Days after Embryo Transfer: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Seyedehhoura Hashemi,&nbsp;Arezoo Arabipoor,&nbsp;Solmaz Kohestani,&nbsp;Zahra Zolfaghary,&nbsp;Samira Vesali,&nbsp;Firouzeh Ghaffari","doi":"10.22074/ijfs.2022.546087.1247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22074/ijfs.2022.546087.1247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To detect the predictive value of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels 16 days post embryo transfer (ET) regarding detection of an ectopic pregnancy (EP) in assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed the database of Royan Institute from January 2011 to December 2014 and from January 2017 to December 2019 retrospectively. All cases with positive β-hCG levels sixteen days after ET were screened (n=4149). The pregnancies with oocyte or embryo donation and the multiple pregnancies based on the first ultrasound were excluded. All eligible singleton pregnancies with documented serum β-hCG levels at Royan institute laboratory (n=765) were included and then classified according to the type of pregnancy: EP (n=189) or non-EP (n=576). The data of the treatment cycle was extracted from the patients' files. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to detect the predictive power of the first measurement of β-hCG level in distinguishing EP from ongoing pregnancy in the ART and intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles separately. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the ROC curve and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each of the estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean levels of β-hCG 16 days after ET were remarkably higher in the ongoing pregnancy group than the EP group (1592.35 ± 87 IU/L vs. 369.69 ± 50.61 IU/L, P<0.001). The β-hCG thresholds predictive of ongoing pregnancy were 278 IU/L as the most suitable cut-off to predict viable pregnancy with a sensitivity of 72.8%, a specificity of 67.5%, a positive predictive value of 77.8%, standard error of 0.02, and a confidence interval of 73.8- 81.7%. However, this relationship was not found in IUI cycles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on these findings, if β-hCG levels 16 days after ET are below 278 IU/l, close follow-up is recommended, until either the diagnosis of EP or miscarriage is established.</p>","PeriodicalId":14080,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fertility & Sterility","volume":"17 3","pages":"181-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/99/04/Int-J-Fertil-Steril-17-181.PMC10189163.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9731807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels of DNA, Protein, Lipid Oxidation and Apoptosis Biomarkers in Semen of Men with Hyperviscous Semen: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Nafiseh Khakzad,&nbsp;Fatemeh Ghaderi Barmi,&nbsp;Fateme Hammami,&nbsp;Tahereh Khaneh Zarrin,&nbsp;Hadiseh Beheshti Dafchahi,&nbsp;Sareh Rostami,&nbsp;Alireza Shahriary,&nbsp;Saman Seyfizadeh Saraabestan","doi":"10.22074/ijfs.2022.546434.1249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22074/ijfs.2022.546434.1249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Semen hyperviscosity is a threatening cause of abnormal spermatozoa and infertility in men. We aimed to evaluate oxidative stress, antioxidants depletion and sperm apoptosis as main reasons for poor quality of spermatozoa in men with hyperviscous semen.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, ejaculate specimens were collected from fertile (n=102) and infertile men with hyperviscous semen (n=123) and without semen hyperviscosity (n=143). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and were measured in semen samples to estimate oxidative stress status. Gene expression pattern of <i>BAX, CASPASE-9, CASPASE-3,</i> and <i>BCL2</i> was assessed to estimate sperm apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average of sperm count, normal morphology, normal motility, and sperm vitality in men with hyperviscous semen was significantly lower than infertile subjects without hyperviscous semen (P<0.01). Men with hyperviscous semen exhibited higher levels of PC (8.34 ± 1.03 nmol/mg vs. 6.01 ± 0.93 nmol/mg, P=0.008), MDA (1.14 ± 0.27 nmol/ ml vs. 0.89 ± 0.22 nmol/ml, P=0.031), 8-OHdG (259.71 ± 24.59 ng/ml vs. 197.13 ± 18.47 ng/ml, P=0.009), but lower TAC contents (1250.44 ± 66.23 μM/L vs. 1784.31 ± 89.87 μM/L, P=0.018) and GSH (3.82 ± 1.05 μM vs. 5.89 ± 0.87 μM, P=0.021) than men with non-viscous semen. The expression of <i>BAX, CASPASE-3</i> and <i>CASPASE-9</i> genes in men with hyperviscous semen was significantly increased by 1.39-fold (P=0.041), 1.47-fold (P=0.046), 1.29-fold (P=0.048), respectively, as compared with the infertile subjects without hyperviscous semen. However, <i>BCL2</i> expression in infertile men without hyperviscous semen was higher compared to those with hyperviscous semen (1.36-fold, P=0.044).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hyperviscous semen is markedly associated with depletion of seminal plasma antioxidants, sperm membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA and protein oxidation, and sperm apoptosis. Antioxidant therapy might be considered as a valuable strategy to protect sperm cells against oxidative damage in cases with seminal fluid hyperviscosity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14080,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fertility & Sterility","volume":"17 3","pages":"208-214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/34/3b/Int-J-Fertil-Steril-17-208.PMC10189162.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9731808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Meta-Analysis of The Prevalence and Etiology of Infertility in Iran.","authors":"G Hobad Abangah, Tayebeh Rashidian, Marziyeh Parizad Nasirkandy, Milad Azami","doi":"10.22074/ijfs.2023.541991.1215","DOIUrl":"10.22074/ijfs.2023.541991.1215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infertility is a serious health issue in the world affecting approximately 8-10% of couples worldwide. The meta-analysis study was performed to assess the prevalence and etiologic factors associated with infertility in Iran. We made sure that the implementation of study and reporting the results were consistent with the MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines, respectively. All stages of the research were conducted by two authors, and the disagreement at each stage of the research was resolved by consensus. On January 1, 2020, we started a detailed literature search on international online databases, and Iranian Online databases, as well as specialized journals, several authentic international publishers and Google Scholar. We reviewed the reference list of identified articles for missed articles and then searched online for them. Data analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence using a random effects model. The lifetime infertility prevalence was found to be 11.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.6-14.7] and the current infertility was evaluated to be 3.7% (95% CI: 3.2-4.3). The prevalence of primary infertility (based on 45 articles consisting of 51,021 samples) as well as secondary infertility (based on 13 articles consisting of 35,683 samples) in Iran were estimated to be 18.3% (95% CI: 15.4-21.6) and 2.5% (95% CI: 1.6-4.0), respectively. The prevalence of female, male, both and unexplained causes was estimated to be 32.0% (95% CI: 27.6-36.8), 43.3% (95% CI: 38.2-48.6), 12.5% (95% CI: 9.6-16.2) and 13.6% (95% CI: 10.2-17.8), respectively. The prevalence of causes related to ovulation, uterine tubes, and endometriosis in infertile women was estimated to be 54.0% (95% CI: 45.6-62.2), 15.5% (95% CI: 11.3-21.0), 6.2% (95% CI: 3.5-10.6), and 5.4% (95% CI: 2.5-11.3), respectively. In summary, the estimate of infertility burden in Iran did not change between 1990 and 2017 and its prevalence remains high. This research presents a unified and up-to-date overview regarding the burden of infertility in Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":14080,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fertility & Sterility","volume":"17 3","pages":"160-173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9b/fb/Int-J-Fertil-Steril-17-160.PMC10189156.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9731806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mosaic Ring Chromosome 13 Presented with Isolated Male Infertility: Case Report.","authors":"Mohamamdreza Zamanian, Hesam Sajadi, Masoomeh Tahsili, Parnaz Borjian Boroujeni, Navid Almadani","doi":"10.22074/ijfs.2022.548793.1262","DOIUrl":"10.22074/ijfs.2022.548793.1262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ring chromosomes are the result of breakage and re-union of distal ends of chromosomal arms. They have a general frequency of 1 in 50,000 and 1 in 58,000 for chromosome 13. Ring chromosome 13 is usually presented as a syndromic situation stigmatized by particular features, including developmental delay, mental retardation and CNS, skeletal or organ anomalies. As an experimental study, here we report a 31 years old male with no major phenotypic manifestation who was evaluated for azoospermia, while his karyotype revealed presence of a mosaic ring chromosome 13. He had a history of bilateral varicocelectomy and no other major finding in his routine infertility work up was determined. Genetic counseling did not provide any clue for mental disability or dysmorphic features. Pathology examination of the testicular tissue revealed very scarce number of spermatid/spermatozoa within the tubules in conjunction with degrees of maturation arrest mostly in spermatocyte stage. In our knowledge, this is the first report of a ring chromosome 13, manifested by an isolated male infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":14080,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fertility & Sterility","volume":"17 3","pages":"215-217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/20/Int-J-Fertil-Steril-17-215.PMC10189157.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9731809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Role of <i>Leukemia Inhibitory</i> Factor and Inflammatory Cytokines in The Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Seyed Mohsen Miresmaeili,&nbsp;Farzaneh Fesahat,&nbsp;Negar Kazemi,&nbsp;Hossein Ansariniya,&nbsp;Fateme Zare","doi":"10.22074/ijfs.2022.548425.1258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22074/ijfs.2022.548425.1258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite of long-lasting efforts, in more than 50% of cases, the etiology of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) remains unknown. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has an essential role in the reproductive process, such as modulating inflammatory responses. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the <i>LIF</i> gene expression as well as serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and occurrence of RSA in infertile women with a history of RSA.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this case-control study, the relative gene expression levels of <i>LIF</i>, concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-17 were measured in peripheral blood and serum of women with a history of RSA (N=40) compared with non-pregnant and fertile women as the control group (N=40) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients and controls was 30.1 ± 4.28 and 30.03 ± 4.23, respectively. Patients had a history of at least 2 and at most 6 abortions. The mRNA levels of <i>LIF</i> were significantly lower in the women with RSA in comparison with the healthy participant (P=0.003). Regarding cytokine levels, no significant difference was seen between the two groups (P≥0.05). There was no correlation - between the <i>LIF</i> mRNA levels and TNF-α and IL-17 serum concentrations. The U-Mann-Whitney test and the Pearson correlation coefficient were applied to comparison variables between groups as well as a correlation between <i>LIF</i> mRNA and cytokine levels in serum.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite a significant reduction in the LIF gene mRNA level in patients with RSA, it was not associated with increases in inflammatory cytokines. Dysfunction in the production of LIF protein may be involved in the onset of RSA disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":14080,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fertility & Sterility","volume":"17 2","pages":"140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c5/c8/Int-J-Fertil-Steril-17-140.PMC10009511.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9229565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}