International Journal of Legal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Applicability of Retzius striae in forensic anthropology: a systematic review.","authors":"Clarice de Araújo Oliveira, Antônio do Rêgo Castelo-Branco, Paulo Henrique Viana Pinto, Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva","doi":"10.1007/s00414-026-03954-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-026-03954-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forensic Anthropology applies biological characteristics in legal contexts to estimate the biological profile of an unknown individual. In this regard, teeth stand out due to their resistance and ability to preserve valuable information over time. More specifically, microstructural records present in dental enamel, in the form of incremental markings known as Retzius striae, provide data on dental development and, consequently, on the individual. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the applicability of Retzius striae in Forensic Anthropology. A search was conducted using topic-related keywords across six different databases in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. Studies were selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies were assessed. As a result, seven scientific studies addressing Retzius striae in contemporary human samples were identified. All investigations evaluated the striae using histological methods. Furthermore, all studies demonstrated a low risk of bias. Retzius striae have been investigated as markers for estimating age, sex, stature, and even body weight; however, the available evidence remains limited. Although they show potential, all these applications require further validation. Therefore, additional standardized and representative primary studies are necessary to ensure reliable and safe application in the forensic context.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"3623-3633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148720571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A robust forensic reasoning to estimate the minimum number of individuals: the certain exclusion.","authors":"Siam Knecht, Lucie Biehler-Gomez, Gabriele Krüger, Leandi Liebenberg, Mustapha Ouladsine, Cristina Cattaneo, Christophe Roman, Pascal Adalian","doi":"10.1007/s00414-026-03884-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-026-03884-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estimating the Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) in commingled skeletal assemblages is a core task in forensic and archaeological anthropology. Traditional methods, based on the frequency of lateralized elements, often suffer from underestimation due to fragmentation and morphological similarity. This study introduces a new MNI estimation method grounded in the principle of certain exclusion (with a 99% confidence interval), which focuses on detecting osteometric incompatibilities between elements rather than identifying matches. We developed linear regression models based on a large international dataset (n = 2,969 individuals) to generate 99% prediction intervals between long bone measurements. A recursive protocol, termed Allometric Research by Exclusion (RAE), was implemented to isolate bones that cannot belong to the same individual. The method was validated via bootstrap simulations using independent samples from the Milano and Pretoria Bone collections. Across all assemblages, the exclusion-based MNI estimates were consistently higher than those obtained by frequency-based methods, and more closely approximated the real number of individuals. This trend was especially clear in small to mid-sized assemblages, where precise MNI estimation is most critical. The exclusion method offers a statistically grounded, replicable, and conservative approach to MNI estimation. Its integration into forensic and archaeological workflows may enhance the accuracy and defensibility of population reconstruction in complex contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"4027-4036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148283598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STR typing from punched FFPE tissues: resolving suspected contamination and fetal-maternal mixture in two cases.","authors":"Barbara Di Stefano, Rossana Bussani, Solange Sorçaburu Ciglieri, Maurizio Pinamonti, Claudia Biagi, Manuela Schneider, Fabrizio Zanconati, Paolo Fattorini","doi":"10.1007/s00414-026-03891-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-026-03891-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The analysis of mixed or contaminated biological materials represents a persistent challenge in both forensic genetics and diagnostic pathology. This study presents two casework applications demonstrating the analytical value of a targeted FFPE punching strategy coupled with STR genotyping for resolving complex scenarios. In the first case, an unexpected focus of high-grade urothelial carcinoma within a prostatic surgical specimen raised concerns regarding cross-sample contamination. STR profiling of microdissected punches-respectively containing the carcinoma and benign prostatic tissue-yielded fully concordant single-source profiles (LR = 2.5 × 10²¹), thereby unequivocally establishing a common donor origin and excluding inadvertent tissue transfer. In the second case, involving paternity assessment of mechanically aborted embryonic material from an alleged sexual assault, morphologically guided punching enabled selective isolation of chorionic villi from a grossly heterogeneous specimen. Although low-level maternal DNA was detected, mixture interpretation allowed reconstruction of a complete embryonic genotype, resulting in a conclusive paternity (LR = 2.2 × 10¹⁰). Altogether, these observations underscore the analytical robustness, cost-efficiency, and operational simplicity of punched-FFPE-based STR typing as a first-line approach for contamination assessment and targeted genotype recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"4445-4450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148316885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and spatial RNA expression dynamics in postmortem skin support PMI estimation and reveal spatial signatures of antemortem injury.","authors":"Ken Sato, Takehito Sugasawa, Jiawei Wan, Suzuka Shimmura, Takeki Nishi, Marie Inaba, Hisashi Akuzawa, Fujio Ishizawa, Yukiko Sugano, Yoichiro Takahashi","doi":"10.1007/s00414-026-03896-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-026-03896-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA expression dynamics have emerged as a promising focus in forensic research; however, their practical applications remain limited. In this study, we focused on skin, a biologically stable, forensically practical, and accessible tissue, to characterize postmortem and injury-related RNA expression dynamics and explore their forensic relevance. First, under well-controlled experimental conditions, mouse skin was analyzed up to 8 h postmortem using transcriptomic profiling. Genes exhibiting characteristic time-dependent expression patterns were identified, and a postmortem interval (PMI) estimation model achieved a coefficient of determination of 0.900 and a root mean squared error of 0.894. These findings were subsequently examined in human autopsy skin samples, where several RNAs demonstrated temporal expression changes consistent with those observed in mice. Beyond the initial 8-h transcriptomic analysis, similar expression dynamics in mice were further validated up to 72 h postmortem, partially confirming RNA dynamics shown in human samples. In particular, EGR1 and FOS showed expression patterns consistent with their known functions in the stress response. Furthermore, spatial transcriptomic analysis of injured skin revealed region-specific gene expression alterations according to wound proximity and tissue layer (epidermis and dermis). These patterns were evident specifically in antemortem injuries when compared with postmortem injuries, potentially distinguishing antemortem from postmortem injuries in autopsy samples. In summary, our findings indicate that the skin RNA expression exhibits characteristic temporal and spatial dynamics following death and injury. Understanding these molecular time- and place-dependent changes may provide supportive information for PMI estimation and injury assessment in forensic practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"3703-3717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic dental injuries in the primary dentition: exploratory medico-legal framework for temporary damage assessment.","authors":"Patrizia Defabianis, Francesca Beducci, Emilio Nuzzolese","doi":"10.1007/s00414-026-03918-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-026-03918-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the primary dentition are frequent in early childhood and may lead to sequelae affecting both injured primary teeth and their permanent successors. They also raise medico-legal questions when premature loss of a primary tooth results in a time-dependent functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial impairment before the permanent successor can be evaluated. This retrospective single-center study reviewed the records of 419 children (262 males, 157 females; mean age 3.23 ± 1.85 years) treated for TDIs to the primary dentition between 2013 and 2022, comprising 428 traumatic events and 780 affected primary teeth. Demographic data, injury circumstances, trauma type, affected teeth, treatment, follow-up, and sequelae were analysed at the patient, event, and tooth levels. Luxation injuries predominated, domestic accidents were the most frequent circumstance of injury, and maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth. Pulp necrosis was recorded in 14.3% of injured teeth, delayed premature loss in 21.0%, and permanent successor sequelae in 19.0% based on available follow-up records. The secondary aim was medico-legal: to inform an exploratory framework for assessing temporary biological damage during the interval between premature tooth loss and eruption of the permanent successor. The proposed framework is not presented as a validated compensation scale but as a conceptual aid for expert appraisal. Prospective multicenter validation is required before any normative or compensation use.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"3823-3829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148446272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the accuracy of Cameriere's original and European formulae radiographic method of dental age estimation.","authors":"Aliff Syazaryl Aiman Azhar, Janet Ann Davies, Helen Mary Liversidge","doi":"10.1007/s00414-026-03906-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-026-03906-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To test the accuracy of Cameriere's radiographic method of dental age estimation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample was 661 archived dental radiographs of dental patients aged 4.0-15.9 years (310 females, 351 males). Dental age was calculated using Cameriere's original formula (Cameriere et al. 2006, Int J Legal Med, 120, 49) and European formula (Cameriere et al. 2007, Int J Legal Med, 121, 449); this measures apex width to tooth length of developing mandibular permanent teeth excluding third molars. The mean difference and absolute mean difference between dental and chronological ages were calculated and assessed using a t-test for females, males, pooled and by year group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the European formula, mean difference between dental and chronological ages was small for both females and males (0.04 years, SD 0.59 and 0.09 years, SD 0.66 respectively) but was significantly different in males (P < 0.05). Absolute mean difference values were 0.44 years in females and 0.48 years in males. All age categories from 6 to 13 for both sexes had mean difference and absolute mean difference values of less than six months. Age was overestimated by over one year in a large proportion of 4- and 5-year-olds. Mean difference was lower in the European formula (0.07 years) than the original formula (-0.26 years) possibly due to the larger sample size and age range for the European formula.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cameriere's method accurately estimates age for most of our sample but may be unsuitable for children younger than 6 years. The European formula is more accurate than the original formula.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"4127-4134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148381905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal pulmonary thromboembolism associated with excessive nitrous oxide consumption over several weeks.","authors":"Stefanie Plenzig, Friederike Pijahn, Alexander Müller, Stefan W Toennes, Silvana Petzel-Witt","doi":"10.1007/s00414-026-03958-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-026-03958-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A man in his early twenties had been hospitalized due to acute nitrous oxide intoxication, during which a vitamin B12 deficiency and anaemia were also diagnosed. Two weeks later he was found dead in his apartment. Twenty empty nitrous oxide cartridges were found next to the body, and according to his mother, he had been using nitrous oxide excessively for approximately two months. The autopsy revealed a fatal pulmonary embolism secondary to deep vein thrombosis, and toxicological analysis detected nitrous oxide in low concentrations in the blood. Regarding the pulmonary embolism, a coagulation disorder attributable to suspected hyperhomocysteinemia in the setting of vitamin B12 deficiency could be considered a contributory factor - this deficiency, in turn, may possibly be related to excessive nitrous oxide consumption over several weeks. Obesity and nicotine abuse were present as additional risk factors for thromboembolic events. Reapeted excessive nitrous oxide consumption can induce profound metabolic disturbances, including functional vitamin B12 deficiency and associated biochemical derangements. In cases of fatal thromboembolic events in young individuals, this possibility should be taken into account. Toxicological analysis may demonstrate recent nitrous oxide exposure and support the hypothesis, but it cannot establish the underlying biochemical pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"4469-4472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148724780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs on e-scooters: a toxicological perspective of public health and road safety in Leipzig, Germany.","authors":"Pascal Städter, Delen Kuntze, Jan Dreßler, Susen Becker","doi":"10.1007/s00414-026-03877-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-026-03877-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since October 2021, it has been possible in Leipzig to rent e-scooters and to participate actively in road traffic. Since then, a large number of traffic offenses has been recorded.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>This study examines alcohol and drug use among e-scooter riders in Leipzig and the surrounding area - particularly in relation to the new legal regulations. The accidents are analyzed in detail.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>A total of 411 traffic offenses recorded by the police between October 2021 and June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study cohort consisted of 91.2% men. Of all rides under the influence of intoxicating substances, 65.9% took place in Leipzig. Differentiation of the traffic offenses revealed that 67.2% were administrative traffic offenses (§ 24a German Road Traffic Act, StVG), while 32.8% were criminal traffic offenses (§ 315c and § 316 German Criminal Code, StGB). Cannabis use was predominantly detected in administrative offenses, whereas alcohol consumption played the major role in criminal traffic offenses. Among cannabis users, the majority were non-chronic consumers (79.2%). The main cause of accidents was self-inflicted loss of balance (59.5%; n = 22). Accident consequences were primarily minor injuries (67.6%; n = 25), with injuries occurring mainly to the face (n = 5), head (n = 6), and upper extremities (n = 5).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These data show that alcohol and cannabis consumption dominate the rising traffic offenses in Leipzig and its surrounding area. The results contain temporal and regional differences which point to distinct target groups and underscore the necessity of providing education regarding the legal framework and the impact of substances on driving and fall competences. In light of these findings, together with data from other regions, a re-evaluation of the statutory THC limit should be considered, as the current threshold primarily results in reduced penalties for occasional users, who may be at higher risk due to a lack of tolerance development. The observed injury patterns suggest an introduction of a helmet requirement.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"4003-4014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical assessment and diagnostic features of fellatio-associated palatal lesions in forensic sexual abuse investigations: a systematic review.","authors":"Almasyifa Herlingga Rahmasari Amin, Elza Ibrahim Auerkari","doi":"10.1007/s00414-026-03894-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-026-03894-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sexual abuse is a global public health crisis impacting millions across all demographics. In forensic evaluations, relying only on anogenital injuries may create a diagnostic gap, as their absence does not exclude abuse. This highlights the importance of including a comprehensive intraoral assessment. Even though palatal lesions do not exclusively indicate sexual trauma, they remain a crucial yet frequently overlooked component when evaluating suspected oral sexual contact. Clinically, fellatio-associated trauma typically manifests at the junction of the hard and soft palate as erythema, petechiae, or purpura. These lesions are forms of vascular alterations caused by a combination of localized negative pressure and direct mechanical trauma, and they generally resolve spontaneously within 48 h to two weeks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate, a systematic literature review, registered on PROSPERO, and following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, was conducted across databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Scopus and Google Scholar.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial search yielded 480 records, resulting in 30 studies for final qualitative synthesis. The analysis focused specifically on clinical examination of the victim of sexual abuse, clinical findings in fellatio-associated palatal erythema, and diagnostic considerations for these lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review suggests that palatal lesions are potentially important yet frequently overlooked in sexual abuse evaluations. Therefore, a systematic and well-documented oral examination may provide additional clinical information within the overall forensic assessment of vulnerable individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"3513-3526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148351972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A large-scale Bayesian validation of FIDBV2 and FIDBV3 methods for adult age-at-death estimation using root dentin translucency in single-rooted teeth.","authors":"Leandro H Luna, Roberto C Parra, Gonzalo Garizoain, Douglas H Ubelaker, Eric Baccino, Ericka L Abbé, Carina Marques, Nermin Sarajlic, Emanuela Gualdi-Russo, Inês Caldas, Manusmrati Mishra, Duangta Dulabutr, Celine Sabourin, P Sebastián Giannotti, Daniela Mansegosa, Paulo Henrique Viana Pinto, Joe Adserias-Garriga, Pablo A Rodríguez, Konstantinos Moraitis, Eleni Zorba, Carmen Hernández Flores, Laurent Martrille, Frederic Camarasa, Ademir Franco, Andrea Baz, Lucio Condori, Karen Escalante-Flórez, Fernando Retana-Milán, Cecilia Souza Faviero, Rodrigo Retamal, Paulo Miamoto, Fredy Peccerelli, Claudia Rivera, Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva, Daniel Castellanos, Claudia M Aranda","doi":"10.1007/s00414-026-03889-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-026-03889-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Statistical calibration of the results in adult age-at-death estimation is a fundamental yet challenging task in forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology. This study conducts a large-scale Bayesian validation of two probabilistic models for adult dental age-at-death estimation: the established FIDBv2, using root dentin translucency and periodontal retraction, and a novel simplified counterpart, FIDBv3, relying solely on translucency. Analysis of 8,595 single-rooted teeth from a global sample of 3,801 individuals demonstrates that FIDBv3 consistently outperforms its predecessor, reducing overall mean inaccuracy by 22.52% and increasing total sample accuracy by 8.11 percentage points. This superior performance across diverse populations indicates that periodontal retraction introduces more statistical noise than a reliable biological signal. The strategic exclusion of this variable, combined with the inclusion of a logarithmic transformation that better models the non-linear trajectory of translucency development, yields a more biologically realistic and universally applicable method. This simplification also streamlines analysis, while deployment as a free, open-access web platform democratizes global access to this robust, probability-based estimation. Despite persistent challenges at the extremes of the lifespan, FIDBv3 establishes a new standard for transparent, reliable and practical dental age-at-death estimation in forensic and archaeological contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"4215-4240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148470444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}