International Journal of Legal Medicine最新文献

Deep learning-based human gunshot wounds classification. 基于深度学习的人体枪伤分类。

IF 2.2 3区医学

International Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03355-4

Renato Queiroz Nogueira Lira, Luana Geovana Motta de Sousa, Maisa Luana Memoria Pinho, Renan Cesar Pinto da Silva Andrade de Lima, Pedro Garcia Freitas, Bruno Scholles Soares Dias, Andreia Cristina Breda de Souza, André Ferreira Leite

{"title":"Deep learning-based human gunshot wounds classification.","authors":"Renato Queiroz Nogueira Lira, Luana Geovana Motta de Sousa, Maisa Luana Memoria Pinho, Renan Cesar Pinto da Silva Andrade de Lima, Pedro Garcia Freitas, Bruno Scholles Soares Dias, Andreia Cristina Breda de Souza, André Ferreira Leite","doi":"10.1007/s00414-024-03355-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-024-03355-4","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a forensic perspective on classifying gunshot wound patterns using Deep Learning (DL). Although DL has revolutionized various medical specialties, such as automating tasks like medical image classification, its applications in forensic contexts have been limited despite the inherently visual nature of the field. This study investigates the application of DL techniques (59 architectures) to classify gunshot wounds in a forensic context, focusing on distinguishing between entry and exit wounds and determining the Medical-Legal Shooting Distance (MLSD), which classifies wounds as contact, close range, or distant, based on digital images from real crime scene cases. A comprehensive database was constructed with 2,551 images, including 1,883 entries and 668 exit wounds. The ResNet152 architecture demonstrated superior performance in both entry and exit wound classification and MLSD categorization. For the first task, achieved accuracy of 86.90% and an AUC of 82.09%. For MLSD, the ResNet152 showed an accuracy of 92.48% and AUC up to 94.36%, though sample imbalance affected the metrics. Our findings underscore the challenges of standardizing wound images due to varying capture conditions but reflect the practical realities of forensic work. This research highlights the significant potential of DL in enhancing forensic pathology practices, advocating for Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a supportive tool to complement human expertise in forensic investigations.","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A comprehensive epidemiological assessment of female rape in São Paulo State, Brazil: trends, patterns, and implications for public health. 巴西圣保罗州女性强奸流行病学综合评估：趋势、模式及对公共卫生的影响。

IF 2.2 3区医学

International Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03354-5

Edmilson Ozorio Dos Santos, Andrey Wellington Moscardini, Ivan Dieb Miziara

{"title":"A comprehensive epidemiological assessment of female rape in São Paulo State, Brazil: trends, patterns, and implications for public health.","authors":"Edmilson Ozorio Dos Santos, Andrey Wellington Moscardini, Ivan Dieb Miziara","doi":"10.1007/s00414-024-03354-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-024-03354-5","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual violence against women remains a global challenge, with Brazil exemplifying persistent issues despite legislative advancements. This study examined sexual violence within São Paulo state, Brazil's largest and economically affluent state, focusing on prevalence, patterns, forensic evidence, and health consequences. We analyzed 40,757 medical reports of alleged cases of rape against women available from the São Paulo Medical Legal Institute from 2014 to 2017. An increase in female rape cases was observed, reflecting broader societal trends, but underreporting, prevalent due to fear and stigma, underscored the need for multifaceted interventions. We also explored correlations between rape prevalence and the Human Development Index, highlighting disparities between urban and rural areas. Additionally, the study revealed concerning proportions of cases involving vulnerable victims, emphasizing the imperative for tailored interventions and legislative reforms. Furthermore, we demonstrated that only a small portion of medicolegal examinations were able to find evidence of sexual violence or recent sexual acts, necessary for conducting the criminal investigation of the alleged act. Therefore, despite challenges in forensic evidence collection, efforts to enhance medical examination protocols and awareness among professionals are crucial. Moreover, findings underscored the significant health consequences of rape, including unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, necessitating comprehensive healthcare services for survivors. In conclusion, we reinforced that addressing sexual violence demands coordinated action, including legislative reforms, community engagement, and survivor-centered approaches, to create safer and more resilient communities.","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex estimation from patellar measurements in a contemporary Italian population: a machine learning approach. 从当代意大利人口的髌骨测量结果推测性别：一种机器学习方法。

IF 2.2 3区医学

International Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03359-0

Siam Knecht, Paolo Morandini, Lucie Biehler-Gomez, Luisa Nogueira, Pascal Adalian, Cristina Cattaneo

{"title":"Sex estimation from patellar measurements in a contemporary Italian population: a machine learning approach.","authors":"Siam Knecht, Paolo Morandini, Lucie Biehler-Gomez, Luisa Nogueira, Pascal Adalian, Cristina Cattaneo","doi":"10.1007/s00414-024-03359-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-024-03359-0","url":null,"abstract":"Biological sex estimation in forensic anthropology is a crucial topic, and the patella has shown promise in this regard due to its sexual dimorphism. This study uses 12 machine learning models for sex estimation based on three patellar measurements (maximum height, breadth, and thickness). Data was collected from 180 skeletons of a contemporary Italian population (83 males and 97 females) as well as from an independent sample of 21 forensic cases (13 males and 8 females). Statistical analyses indicated that each of the variables exhibited significant sexual dimorphism. To predict biological sex, the classifiers were built using 70% of a reference sample, then tested on the remaining 30% of the original sample and then tested again on the independent sample. The different classifiers generated accuracies varied between 0.85 and 0.91 on the reference sample and between 0.71 and 0.95 for the validation sample. SVM classifier stood out with the highest accuracy and seemed the best model for our study.This study contributes to the growing application of machine learning in forensic anthropology by being the first to apply such techniques to patellar measurements in an Italian population. It aims to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of biological sex estimation from the patella, building on promising results observed with other skeletal elements.","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification score for robust and secure identification using ante- and post-mortem skull CT scans. 利用死前和死后头骨 CT 扫描进行稳健安全识别的识别评分。

IF 2.2 3区医学

International Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03361-6

Marie-Edith Richard, Corentin Provost, Tania Delabarde, Pauline Iorio, Yves Menu, Ghazi Hmeydia, Bertrand Ludes, Catherine Oppenheim, Joseph Benzakoun

{"title":"Identification score for robust and secure identification using ante- and post-mortem skull CT scans.","authors":"Marie-Edith Richard, Corentin Provost, Tania Delabarde, Pauline Iorio, Yves Menu, Ghazi Hmeydia, Bertrand Ludes, Catherine Oppenheim, Joseph Benzakoun","doi":"10.1007/s00414-024-03361-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-024-03361-6","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their unique anatomy, paranasal sinuses have been used for comparative identification between post-mortem CT (PMCT) and ante-mortem CT (AMCT). However, data security issues arise when transferring raw AMCT images of a suspected identity. The aim of this study was to derive and validate an identification score based on CT slices extracted from successive CTs for the identification of subjects. For derivation procedure, we included patients who underwent two successive AMCTs at ≥ 1-year interval (n = 98), and 4 radiologists individually assessed similarity of prespecified CT slices (centered on ethmoid, frontal sinus and Left Semi-Circular Canal). Predictive values were calculated for all combinations of number of readers and slices, and the optimal compromise, termed IDScore, was selected. For validation, we included PMCTs performed between 2018 and 2022 with available comparative head AMCTs (n = 27). For each PMCT, 5 comparison procedures were performed: 1 concordant (with corresponding AMCT) and 4 discordant (with randomly selected AMCTs). Two radiologists evaluated similarity of ethmoid and frontal CT slices with a score ranging from -2 to + 2. IDScore was defined as the sum of these slice scores, averaged between the two readers. In the 135 comparison procedures, IDScore using predetermined thresholds (positive identification for IDScore > + 2, negative identification for IDScore < -1) allowed a perfect discrimination between identical subjects (Sensitivity = 100%, Specificity = 100%). IDScore could be used for remote identification of a subject with no need to access to the complete raw AMCT images, hence helping to overcome ethical and regulatory issues to access AMCT of a suspected identity.Trial registration: F20220729161623 on Health Data Hub, registered on 29 July 2022.","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex estimation from coxal bones using deep learning in a population balanced by sex and age. 在性别和年龄平衡的人群中，利用深度学习从腋骨估计性别。

IF 2.2 3区医学

International Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03268-2

Marie Epain, Sébastien Valette, Kaifeng Zou, Sylvain Faisan, Fabrice Heitz, Pierre Croisille, Tony Fracasso, Laurent Fanton

{"title":"Sex estimation from coxal bones using deep learning in a population balanced by sex and age.","authors":"Marie Epain, Sébastien Valette, Kaifeng Zou, Sylvain Faisan, Fabrice Heitz, Pierre Croisille, Tony Fracasso, Laurent Fanton","doi":"10.1007/s00414-024-03268-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-024-03268-2","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of forensic anthropology, researchers aim to identify anonymous human remains and determine the cause and circumstances of death from skeletonized human remains. Sex determination is a fundamental step of this procedure because it influences the estimation of other traits, such as age and stature. Pelvic bones are especially dimorphic, and are thus the most useful bones for sex identification. Sex estimation methods are usually based on morphologic traits, measurements, or landmarks on the bones. However, these methods are time-consuming and can be subject to inter- or intra-observer bias. Sex determination can be done using dry bones or CT scans. Recently, artificial neural networks (ANN) have attracted attention in forensic anthropology. Here we tested a fully automated and data-driven machine learning method for sex estimation using CT-scan reconstructions of coxal bones. We studied 580 CT scans of living individuals. Sex was predicted by two networks trained on an independent sample: a disentangled variational auto-encoder (DVAE) alone, and the same DVAE associated with another classifier (Crecon). The DVAE alone exhibited an accuracy of 97.9%, and the DVAE + Crecon showed an accuracy of 99.8%. Sensibility and precision were also high for both sexes. These results are better than those reported from previous studies. These data-driven algorithms are easy to implement, since the pre-processing step is also entirely automatic. Fully automated methods save time, as it only takes a few minutes to pre-process the images and predict sex, and does not require strong experience in forensic anthropology.","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141305899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic age estimation in adults based on multidetector computed tomography analysis of bone density in the medial meta-epiphyseal region of clavicle. 根据锁骨内侧元骺区骨密度的多载体计算机断层扫描分析，对成年人进行法医年龄估计。

IF 2.2 3区医学

International Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03315-y

Lei Shi, Shuai Luo, Meng Liu, Xing-Tao Zhang, Yu-Chi Zhou, Hui-Kun Yang, Zhen-Hua Deng, Meng-Jun Zhan, Yi-Jiu Chen

{"title":"Forensic age estimation in adults based on multidetector computed tomography analysis of bone density in the medial meta-epiphyseal region of clavicle.","authors":"Lei Shi, Shuai Luo, Meng Liu, Xing-Tao Zhang, Yu-Chi Zhou, Hui-Kun Yang, Zhen-Hua Deng, Meng-Jun Zhan, Yi-Jiu Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00414-024-03315-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-024-03315-y","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) in the medial meta-epiphyseal region of clavicle (MERC) for adult age estimation. A total of 1064 chest MDCT scans from individuals aged 21 to 102 years were utilized to determine the MERC BMD. The Mimics software was used for the BMD measurements, and the average BMD of both MERC was also calculated. Regression analysis was conducted with chronological age as a dependent variable and MERC BMD as an independent variable to establish a mathematical model for age estimation. The mean absolute error (MAE) was calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the regression model using an independent validation sample. Among all the models, the cubic regression model showed the highest correlation between MERC BMD and chronological age and also provided the most accurate age prediction for both males and females (MAE = 9.41 for males, MAE = 10.38 for females). Our study suggests that BMD measured by MERC can be utilized for age estimation in adults when more reliable indicators are not available.","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Looking at the future of the medical certification of cause of death (MCCD) in England and Wales. 展望英格兰和威尔士死因医学证明 (MCCD) 的未来。

IF 2.2 3区医学

International Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03292-2

Pablo Millares Martin, Matthew J Allsop, Paul Carder

引用次数: 0

Variations in cuticular hydrocarbons of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) empty puparia: Insights for estimating late postmortem intervals. Calliphora vicina（双翅目：Calliphoridae）空蛹的角质碳氢化合物的变化：估计死后晚期间隔的启示。

IF 2.2 3区医学

International Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03296-y

Swaima Sharif, Cora Wunder, Jens Amendt, Ayesha Qamar

{"title":"Variations in cuticular hydrocarbons of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) empty puparia: Insights for estimating late postmortem intervals.","authors":"Swaima Sharif, Cora Wunder, Jens Amendt, Ayesha Qamar","doi":"10.1007/s00414-024-03296-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-024-03296-y","url":null,"abstract":"Necrophagous flies, particularly blowflies, serve as vital indicators in forensic entomology and ecological studies, contributing to minimum postmortem interval estimations and environmental monitoring. The study investigates variations in the predominant cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) viz. n-C25, n-C27, n-C28, and n-C29 of empty puparia of Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, (Diptera: Calliphoridae) across diverse environmental conditions, including burial, above-ground and indoor settings, over 90 days. Notable trends include a significant decrease in n-C25 concentrations in buried and above-ground conditions over time, while n-C27 concentrations decline in buried and above-ground conditions but remain stable indoors. Burial conditions show significant declines in n-C27 and n-C29 concentrations over time, indicating environmental influences. Conversely, above-ground conditions exhibit uniform declines in all hydrocarbons. Indoor conditions remain relatively stable, with weak correlations between weathering time and CHC concentrations. Additionally, machine learning techniques, specifically Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), are employed for age estimation of empty puparia, yielding accurate predictions across different outdoor and indoor conditions. These findings highlight the subtle responses of CHC profiles to environmental stimuli, underscoring the importance of considering environmental factors in forensic entomology and ecological research. The study advances the understanding of insect remnant degradation processes and their forensic implications. Furthermore, integrating machine learning with entomological expertise offers standardized methodologies for age determination, enhancing the reliability of entomological evidence in legal contexts and paving the way for future research and development.","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A case of hemorrhage at the junctions of the posterior intercostal arteries-a vital sign? 一个肋间后动脉交界处出血的病例--重要征兆？

IF 2.2 3区医学

International Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03261-9

Nicolas Lange-Herr, Joëlle Tschui, Jeremias Klaus, Manuela Baglivo, Emilie Schlottke, Wolf-Dieter Zech

引用次数: 0

Statistical methods for discrimination of STR genotypes using high resolution melt curve data. 利用高分辨率熔融曲线数据区分 STR 基因型的统计方法。

IF 2.2 3区医学

International Journal of Legal Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03289-x

Darianne C Cloudy, Edward L Boone, Kristi Kuehnert, Chastyn Smith, Jordan O Cox, Sarah J Seashols-Williams, Tracey Dawson Green

{"title":"Statistical methods for discrimination of STR genotypes using high resolution melt curve data.","authors":"Darianne C Cloudy, Edward L Boone, Kristi Kuehnert, Chastyn Smith, Jordan O Cox, Sarah J Seashols-Williams, Tracey Dawson Green","doi":"10.1007/s00414-024-03289-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-024-03289-x","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the improvements in forensic DNA quantification methods that allow for the early detection of low template/challenged DNA samples, complicating stochastic effects are not revealed until the final stage of the DNA analysis workflow. An assay that would provide genotyping information at the earlier stage of quantification would allow examiners to make critical adjustments prior to STR amplification allowing for potentially exclusionary information to be immediately reported. Specifically, qPCR instruments often have dissociation curve and/or high-resolution melt curve (HRM) capabilities; this, coupled with statistical prediction analysis, could provide additional information regarding STR genotypes present. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate Qiagen's principal component analysis (PCA)-based ScreenClust® HRM® software and a linear discriminant analysis (LDA)-based technique for their abilities to accurately predict genotypes and similar groups of genotypes from HRM data. Melt curves from single source samples were generated from STR D5S818 and D18S51 amplicons using a Rotor-Gene® Q qPCR instrument and EvaGreen® intercalating dye. When used to predict D5S818 genotypes for unknown samples, LDA analysis outperformed the PCA-based method whether predictions were for individual genotypes (58.92% accuracy) or for geno-groups (81.00% accuracy). However, when a locus with increased heterogeneity was tested (D18S51), PCA-based prediction accuracy rates improved to rates similar to those obtained using LDA (45.10% and 63.46%, respectively). This study provides foundational data documenting the performance of prediction modeling for STR genotyping based on qPCR-HRM data. In order to expand the forensic applicability of this HRM assay, the method could be tested with a more commonly utilized qPCR platform.","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141599269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0