International Journal of Legal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of gain in statistical power for kinship analysis using sequence-based versus length-based STR genotyping.","authors":"Huseyin Sevay, Naciye Durmus, Gonul Filoglu, Cemal Gurkan, Ozlem Bulbul","doi":"10.1007/s00414-025-03605-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-025-03605-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, 137 pairwise relationships representing four major relationship categories involving 49 Turkish individuals from four families were analyzed to evaluate the potential gain in the statistical power associated with likelihood ratios (LR) when using sequence-based versus length-based genotyping methods over the same STR loci coverage. To this end, the MPS Precision ID GlobalFiler NGS STR panel Kit and CE GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification Kit were used. MPS-based analysis revealed the presence of 37 STR DNA sequence variations and / or the presence of 26 STR DNA sequence flanking region SNPs compared to the 150 unique alleles obtained with CE-based genotyping. Considering that most kinship LR calculation software do not readily take into consideration STR DNA sequence variants and STR DNA sequence flanking region SNP data that becomes available during MPS-based genotyping, an alphanumeric allele re-coding system was implemented to incorporate such additional STR isoallelic data to the already available allele calls. Over all the four major relationship categories analyzed, a significant increase in the mean combined LR (cLR) was observed when going from CE-based to MPS-based typing, whereby a 78.08 to 7,864,630.60-fold increase was noted. More specifically, in 134 out of the 137 pairwise relationships analyzed, MPS-based cLR values were higher than those calculated using CE-based data. While the mean cLR was >1,000 for three out of the four major relationship categories when using CE, the only exception being the third degree relationships, the mean cLR was >1,000 for all the four major relationship categories when using MPS. Notably, the mean cLR obtained for the third degree relationships was 47.61 with CE and 3,717.31 with MPS. In comparison with CE-based genotyping, when fully taken into account as proposed in the current study, the DNA sequence variation data afforded by MPS-based genotyping led to a statistically significant gain in terms of cLR values obtained. The use of MPS for cLR calculations had the most impact for both the second and third degree relationships, the two complex / distant type analyzed, hence further underscoring the prospects for MPS in kinship analysis. While the current study demonstrated that cLR is likely to increase substantially upon going from CE to MPS genotyping over the same loci coverage for a given case, when the additional DNA sequence variances are also taken into consideration, further increases are expected due to the more diverse type of forensic markers and even wider loci coverages used by MPS kits.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metric analysis of the postcranial skeleton: a comprehensive approach for biological sex estimation in an Italian population.","authors":"Paolo Morandini, Lucie Biehler-Gomez, Kyra Stull, Cristina Cattaneo","doi":"10.1007/s00414-025-03599-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-025-03599-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This paper presents a metric methodology for estimating biological sex specifically tailored to the Italian population. The method considers 121 standard metric measurements derived from 46 bones across various post-cranial regions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The sample consists of 400 individuals (M = 200; F = 200) from the 20th century CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection aged 20 to 104 years old. The sample was divided into a training subset (75%; n = 300) and a testing subset (25%, n = 100). Intra- and inter-observer analyses, as well as univariate sectioning points, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intra- and inter-observer analysis showed excellent reproducibility of the measurements, with some exceptions generally related to the measurement of long bone diameters. Univariate sectioning points resulted in 18 measurements with accuracies exceeding 90%, and another 48 measurements achieving over 80% accuracy. In total, 43 multivariable logistic regression models were developed for 32 bones, and these models further increased the accuracy.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The validation of these models demonstrated that the proposed methodology allows for sex estimation with accuracies of over or near 90% and minimal class discrimination bias across all post-cranial skeletal regions. The highest accuracies - with both sectioning points and multivariable models - were the radius (96.8%), scapula (95.3%), and tibia (95.2%). This study introduces a comprehensive metric standard for the Italian population and highlights the accuracy of the metric approach for estimating biological sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden perioperative death post aortic valve replacement with autopsy showing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in elderly female.","authors":"Zubair Abdul Razak, Joseph Westaby, Mary N Sheppard","doi":"10.1007/s00414-025-03544-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-025-03544-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Perioperative death is a catastrophic event for the family and the surgical team. It is in the interest of both that an autopsy is carried out to explain the death. We report a sudden perioperative death post aortic valve replacement in an undiagnosed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in an elderly female.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 73-year-old female underwent an elective aortic valve replacement (AVR) due to severe aortic valve stenosis (AS). The operation went smoothly. However, left ventricular function was poor despite maximal inotropic treatment. The left ventricular function never recovered and she died on the operating table. The heart weight was normal but the left ventricle shows septal hypertrophy (20 mm). Histology of the left ventricle showed florid myocyte disarray indicating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>AS is the most common Valvular Heart Disease, and most patients undergo AVR. Nevertheless, sudden unexpected death remains a common cause of late mortality after successful valve replacement. Surprisingly this lady died just after the operative procedure. Histological examination confirmed HCM. HCM is an inherited cardiac condition and it is important for the family to be screened to prevent future sudden cardiac death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of autopsy in a post-operative death case. It can be of great value to the surgical team and family members.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working out the manner and cause of death using medicine, marks and micro traces - Case report.","authors":"Matthias Weber, Pia Rosendahl, Sonja Siegel","doi":"10.1007/s00414-025-03615-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-025-03615-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes a homicide in which the victim sustained fatal blunt force trauma to the head caused by an initially unidentified weapon. In addition to soft tissue injuries to the scalp, the victim also suffered a single depressed fracture on the central calvaria located at the os frontale. During the forensic medical examination, the cause of death was determined to be a combination of exsanguination and craniocerebral trauma. However, it was not possible to clearly identify the weapon used based on the soft tissue and bone injuries. Histological analysis revealed foreign material containing iron within the wounds. In the marks examination, the cracks in the fracture of the external plate of the calvaria were compared with potential tools of the crime. Striking similarities were identified regarding the shape and size of the cracks in the bone and scratch marks in the paint coating of a weight plate of a dumbbell that was recovered at the crime scene. Further material analysis confirmed the presence of black, polyester-based coating particles within the bone fractures, chemically identical to the paint coating of the weight plate. These findings led to the identification of the weight plate as the instrument of injury, a conclusion upheld by the court. This case underscores the critical importance of interdisciplinary collaboration within forensic science. Particularly in this case involving blunt force trauma. By integrating forensic medical and histological examination, micro trace analysis and comparative marks examination, the weight plate could successfully be identified as the weapon used.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report on multilocus gene deletion and gene conversion at Y-STR loci.","authors":"Xiaoting Mo, Huijie Nie, Yiyan Zhang, Yiren Yao, Lei Huang, Xingchun Zhao, Baowen Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s00414-025-03595-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-025-03595-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are pivotal tools in forensic science, such as paternity testing, male lineage tracing, and genealogical investigations. However, traditional models, such as the stepwise mutation model (SMM) fail to address more complex mutation mechanisms, such as gene deletion and gene conversion. These limitations hinderthe accuracy of lineage analyses, particularly for multi-copy loci. This study analyzed two types of Y-STR mutation abnormalities through five detailedcases, using STR typing andnext-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Biological samples from 5 father-son and father-cousin pairs were genotyped withthe Yfiler™ Platinum Kit and the Microreader™ RM-Y ID kit.The STR typing was conducted using the next-generation sequencing STRTyper Y68 Kit. A gene conversion mutation was observed at the multicopy locus DYS385ab in Case 1.The deletion of multicopy loci (DYS527ab, DYS387ab, DYF404S1, DYS464, DYS399S1, DYS626, and DYS448) within the the five male pedigree samples (father-son or uncle-nephew) pairs c region was observed in cases 2-5. This finding highlights the limitations of single-step mutation models (SMM) in analyzing multi-copy Y-STR loci and underscores the necessity of incorporating non-stepwise mutation mechanisms into forensic methodologies.This study advances understanding of Y-STR mutation dynamics, providing significant implications for forensic science and human genetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an open-source 3D imaging method for forensic age estimation based on medial clavicular ossification: assessing area and volume ratios of epiphyses and metaphyses.","authors":"Jonathan Kurz, Tobias Krähling, Ronald Schulz, Christian Ottow, Volker Vieth, Andreas Schmeling, Aaron Liebsch","doi":"10.1007/s00414-025-03614-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-025-03614-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forensic age estimation is essential for legal and social decision-making when reliable documentation is lacking. Traditionally, ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis (MCE) is assessed by visual staging, but norm variants frequently limit classic systems and introduce error and irreproducibility. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) allows for quantitative morphometric assessment, potentially offering support - especially in such cases. Based on the approach of Hua et al. (2014) an open-source workflow for metric age estimation of the medial clavicles using semi-automatic three-dimensional (3D) CT segmentation was developed. Clinical CT scans were pseudonymized, archived in XNAT (Extensible Neuroimaging Archive Toolkit), and 3D models were generated in 3D Slicer. Expert-guided segmentation and alignment enabled extraction of quantitative parameters including planar areas and volumes of epiphyses and metaphyses; area and volume ratios were calculated as dimensionless metrics. It was concluded that morphometric assessment of the medial clavicles via 3D imaging is a promising approach for forensic age estimation. The workflow's open-source architecture supports transparency and collaborative validation. Future research should validate metric markers and pursue workflow automation, particularly to address anatomically complex cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145174955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing species identification of 12 animals and human beings with two novel assays.","authors":"Lanrui Jiang, Feng Song, Bo Liu, Tongli Zhu, Chaoran Sun, Hewen Yao, Zhirui Zhang, Xindi Wang, Yuxiang Zhou, Shuangshuang Wang, Haibo Luo","doi":"10.1007/s00414-025-03604-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-025-03604-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The strong interaction between animals and humans in life makes the application of animal DNA analysis increasingly valuable. To determine the species origin of biological samples from crime scenes, exclude extraneous samples and focus on key evidence, and to identify meat adulteration incidents in food markets, two novel systems were developed to address the issue in this study. Both systems allow simultaneous identification of human beings (Homo sapiens) and 12 common animal species (Canis lupus familiaris, Felis catus, Gallus gallus, Anas platyrhynchos, Bos taurus, Ovis aries, Sus scrofa, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Equus caballus, Micropterus salmoides, Columba livia, Mus musculus) based on species-specific short tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. To validate the efficacy of the two systems in practical cases, we conducted a series of validation experiments on sensitivity, species specificity, mixture detection, and special case sample tests. Both were validated for the detection of blood, buccal swabs, tissue, and bloodstain samples. They showed good species specificity and are capable of identifying different species in mixed samples. They also have considerable detection rates for degraded samples after cooking and UV irradiation. Two systems provide more options for animal species identification based on the diversity and complexity of biological samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chiral analysis of etomidate and metomidate enantiomers in hair by UHPLC-MS/MS: application to authentic human hair samples and enantiomeric fraction assessment.","authors":"Zhen Zhang, Xin Wang, Meiting Lin, Hui Yan, Yan Shi, Zheng Qiao, Miao Yu, Ping Xiang","doi":"10.1007/s00414-025-03600-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-025-03600-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>R-etomidate and metomidate, employed clinically as sedatives and hypnotics in human and veterinary medicine, respectively, have recently gained attention due to their escalating nonmedical use. Owing to their intoxicating effects and addictive potential, illicit abuse of these compounds has surged over the past few years. Understanding the enantiomer ratio of etomidate and metomidate in hair can help identify patterns of abuse and the source of the drugs. Here, a chiral separation and quantification method was developed to analyze etomidate and metomidate enantiomers in human hair. Approximately 20 mg of hair was extracted with acetonitrile by cryogenic grinding and then analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Lux 3 μm cellulose-3 chiral column (150 mm × 4.6 mm) under gradient elution. The linearity ranged from 10 to 1000 pg/mg for all compounds. The validated method was applied to 98 authentic hair samples. The enantiomeric ratios of etomidate and metomidate were quantified using the enantiomeric fraction (EF), defined as [R-enantiomer]/[R + S-enantiomers]. The observed EF values spanned 0.40-1.00 for etomidate and 0.49-1.00 for metomidate, indicating variable stereochemical compositions across samples. This study is the first to report the chiral separation and quantification of etomidate and metomidate enantiomers in human hair using UHPLC-MS/MS. Although only R-etomidate is clinically approved, forensic hair analysis identified S-etomidate coexisting with R-enantiomers in 8 samples, indicating nonmedical exposure to incompletely refined or racemic mixtures.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOW do we improve the testing of female ballistic body armour? - a comparison of roma plastilina no.1, 10% ballistic gelatine and sebs gel.","authors":"Chris Malbon, Clare Knock, Debra J Carr","doi":"10.1007/s00414-025-03578-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-025-03578-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Body armour designed for use by police officers in England and Wales is currently tested using Roma Plastilina No1 (RP1) as the witness material for the measurement of back face signature (BFS). However, this material has limitations when testing body armour designed for females, as it is not possible to measure the BFS in the breast region due to the way the breast shapes are formed. Therefore, to enable measurement of BFS for females over the breast, an alternative backing material is required to form surrogate breasts and torso which would enable BFS to be measured. A comparison was conducted between RP1, 10% ballistic gelatine and a 30/70% styrene-etylene / butylene-styrene (SEBS) gel, using standardised ballistic test packs and two projectiles: DM11A1B2 9 mm FMJ at velocities 365 ± 10 ms^-1; Remington R357M3 0.357\" JSP at velocities 390 ± 10 ms^-1. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference identified in measured BFS among the three backing materials with both projectile types. RP1 had the overall smallest variance in measured BFS for both projectile types, however the limitation in being able to mould to create a breast shape is a major limiting factor. With 10% ballistic gelatine, when testing with the 0.357\" projectile, a greater variance in measured BFS was shown compared to the other materials. The SEBS gel was consistent for the 0.357\" projectile, but with the 9 mm projectile there was greater variance in results. Both 10% ballistic gelatine and SEBS gel would enable a moulded female test form to be created, however SEBS gel has a much longer shelf life and showed resistance to damage, although neither of these materials could be considered as a biofidelic substitute for breast tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of gunshot residues using infrared photography: influence of ammunition type, surface color and blood contamination.","authors":"Joel Bottoni, Holger Wittig, Thomas Rost, Alexander Schocker, Philipp Wild, Urs Nachbur, Dominique Neuhaus, Lennart Bedarf, Kathrin Gerlach, Eva Scheurer, Claudia Lenz","doi":"10.1007/s00414-025-03609-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-025-03609-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detecting gunshot residues (GSR) plays a crucial role in forensic science and forensic medicine by providing important insights into the shooting distance, the shooter, as well as the type of weapon and ammunition used. Detection of GSR on dark surfaces is often impossible on site, and traditional methods such as tape-lift techniques with adhesive films or scanning electron microscope tabs might destroy the GSR pattern at the crime scene during their application. Infrared (IR) photography has proven particularly effective in detecting GSR on dark surfaces, enabling the preservation of the GSR pattern before applying destructive methods. This study aimed to examine how the type of ammunition and the presence of bloodstains affect GSR detection and differentiation using IR photography. 15 types of leaded and 5 types of lead-free 9 mm Luger ammunition were fired onto white cotton fabric and dark-blue denim fabric using the same firearm model, with an additional 14 samples being stained with blood. Resulting GSR patterns varied depending on the ammunition type and fewer GSR particles were visible on denim fabric, even in IR photography, compared to white cotton fabric, but still achieving reliable results comparable to the standard tape-lift method. In addition to the known ability of IR photography to detect GSR from leaded ammunition on clean surfaces, our findings demonstrate for the first time that GSR from lead-free ammunition, as well as GSR on blood-contaminated surfaces can be reliably visualized. In conclusion, IR photography provides a robust, easy-to-use and non-destructive tool for GSR detection, with the distinct benefit of allowing immediate on-site visualization of GSR patterns prior to any laboratory processing. With the use of the custom-made Python script (openly accessible on Github), a quantitative evaluation of GSR comparable to the tape-lift method is a further enhancement in this aspect.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}