Liaquat National Journal of Primary Care最新文献

{"title":"Association of Fast Food Intake as a Risk Factor of Coronary Heart Disease in Male Population of Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the association of fast food intake and development of coronary heart disease with middle-aged men due to the nature of their job and eating habits.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among middle-aged males working in a different professional environment. The duration of the study was from March-October 2019. The calculated sample size was 385 and a Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used to collect data. Only Men aged 35-60 years of age working in different professional setups were included. Data was collected through a pre-structured questionnaire. Data was entered on IBM SPSS version 20. \u0000Results: The response rate to the survey was 85% while the completion rate of the survey was 94.5%. The mean age was 44.89 ±7.58 years having an average BMI of 25.94±3.89kg/m2. Out of these 311 men, 97.1% were a fast-food consumer. Fast food was more likely to be consumed by people who were doing a desk job than people whose nature was other than desk work (p=0.049). Among fast-food consumers, 40.7% had hypertension, 35.4% were obese, 22.5% had heart disease, and 21.9% had dyslipidemia. No significant association of heart disease (p=0.0689), obesity (p=1.00), hypertension (p=0.323) and dyslipidemia (p=0.213) was found with fast food consumption.\u0000Conclusion: Direct association between fast food and Coronary heart (CHD) disease is not significantly observed in the current study. However, dietary habits and the consumption of fast food have a profound effect on the development of predisposing factors of CHD. It is also concluded that long hours of desk job have a strong association with increased fast food intake due to its easy and quick availability within the short duration of time.","PeriodicalId":140679,"journal":{"name":"Liaquat National Journal of Primary Care","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129306139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Self-Esteem, Emotional Intelligence, and their Association with Demographic Factors among Healthcare Professionals in Karachi","authors":"","doi":"10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.5.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.5.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Healthcare professionals are exposed to difficult situations that lead to increased stress. Higher emotional intelligence can lead to better psychological adaptation and greater self-esteem while lower emotional intelligence may result in hopelessness and stressful behavior.\u0000Objective: To examine self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and their relationship with demographic factors among healthcare professionals in Karachi.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare professionals (N=261) using a self-reported questionnaire. The data was collected through Google forms from April 2021 to April 2022. Spearman correlation and Mann-Whitney U test were applied for inferential statistics and the p-value was fixed at ≤0.05 \u0000Results: The mean age of the participants was 28 (IQR=30.00-26.00) years and most of them were females (69%). The median emotional intelligence score of participants was 5.56 (IQR=6.00-4.93) and the median self-esteem score of participants was 29.00 (IQR=30-27). A weak positive correlation was found between emotional intelligence and self-esteem scores (ρ=0.285, p<0.001). Linear regression analysis showed a significant positive association of education (p=0.024) and a significant negative association of profession (p=0.017) with self-esteem. Moreover, it also showed a significant positive association of age (p=0.045) with emotional intelligence. \u0000Conclusion: The study results showed a weak positive correlation between emotional intelligence and self-esteem. Furthermore, education and profession were found to be significantly associated with self-esteem whereas only age was found to be significantly associated with the emotional intelligence of the participants.","PeriodicalId":140679,"journal":{"name":"Liaquat National Journal of Primary Care","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115466188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focal Muscle Vibration: An Emerging Modality In Stroke Rehabilitation","authors":"J. Ahmed, Farheen Malik, M. Zafar","doi":"10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Respected Editor, Stroke is one of the highest contributors to mortality in South East Asia. Its prevalence in Pakistan is assessed to be 250/100,000 population with 350,000 new cases per annum [1]. Stroke is a leading cause of disability where 20-40% of stroke survivors are affected by spasticity, a complication of upper motor neurons [2]. Spastic paralysis secondary to stroke leads to functional limitations due to ataxia, gait disturbances, joint contracture, and pain that deteriorates the quality of life. Post-stroke spasticity management requires a mix of pharmacological and certain rehabilitative treatments, of which the prevalent ones in Pakistan are virtual reality, early mobilization, movement therapy induced by force and gait training and non-invasive brain stimulation. For the treatment of spasticity, focal muscle vibration (FMV) is more affordable, user-friendly, with no known adverse effects [3]. Despite its promising results, focal muscle vibration has not yet been introduced in Pakistan probably due to lack of literature.","PeriodicalId":140679,"journal":{"name":"Liaquat National Journal of Primary Care","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116189985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasons and Associated Factors of Early Discontinuation of Implanon: A Follow-up Study from Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.4.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.4.38","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Family planning is needed at this time when the world population is rapidly increasing. Etonogestrel sub-dermal implant is a highly effective long-acting and reversible sub-dermal contraceptive implant. Despite its success and enhancement in usage, it is stopped by a proportion of users prior to its expiration date.\u0000Objective: To ascertain the frequency of discontinuation of Implanon during one year period and uncover its reasons and associated factors among women consulting obstetrics and gynecological clinics for contraception methods and opting for Implanon among the available options.\u0000Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted in Services Hospital, Lahore. All of the women who underwent Implanon insertion from July to December 2020 were enrolled in the study. The outcome variable is early discontinuation of the inserted implant within one year of its insertion.\u0000Results: 350 women receiving sub-dermal Implanon for contraception purposes were included in this study. Their median age and BMI were 28(IQR= 25.8-31) years and 24.3 (IQR=23.6-25) Kg/m2 respectively. The early discontinuation rate was 49.1%. Reasons for removal were menstrual problems (100%), headache (19%), weight gain (12%), pain in the arm (5%), desire to conceive (1.7%) and spouse death (0.3%). Younger age, increasing body mass index, rural residence and shorter marriage duration were found to be significantly associated with early removal. \u0000Conclusion: This study found a high early discontinuation rate. Premature removal was most commonly caused by menstrual issues. Early removal was independently predicted by an early age, length of the marriage, rising BMI, and residence in a rural location. An awareness campaign should be created specifically for rural areas to address their concerns and reduce the early discontinuation rate. Further research should be conducted to understand the menstrual problems in women undergoing implanon insertion.","PeriodicalId":140679,"journal":{"name":"Liaquat National Journal of Primary Care","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114632646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Inequalities Among Women in Developing Countries","authors":"Hanna Khair Tunio, Aftab Ahmed","doi":"10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.3.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.3.22","url":null,"abstract":"Disparities or variations in the achievement of a person or a group in terms of health can be defined as health inequalities. Access to quality health services is restricted by gender inequality resulting in preventable morbidity and mortality in women. This paper will highlight the health inequalities among women in developing countries by analyzing the results of selected abstracts through scoping review. It will develop an understanding of how health services are prioritized and utilized by females in developing countries. In the developing world, men seek medical advice more often than women who prefer either self-management or delay seeking formal treatment only when their symptoms get worse. The efforts taken to reduce these inequalities and in addressing health-related issues are not sufficient and require more efforts by the implementers and policymakers. Investment in education and improving women in making their own decisions about health can support a reduction in inequality in health by changing the cultural and social environment of a country.","PeriodicalId":140679,"journal":{"name":"Liaquat National Journal of Primary Care","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125881733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting Awareness of Oral Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study from a One-Day Free Consultation Camp in Karachi","authors":"","doi":"10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.4.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.4.23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral cancer is currently one of the major public health problems globally. Awareness of the risk factors of oral cancers may result in patients seeking medical advice earlier, which in turn can lead to early detection and a better prognosis of such lesions. Literature also reports lack of awareness to be the most common barrier to care-seeking by oral cancer patients.\u0000Objective: To determine oral cancer awareness and its associated factors among dental outpatients in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care dental hospital in district Malir, Karachi, from January 2019 to June 2019. After checking eligibility and taking verbal informed consent, the participants were interviewed using a questionnaire to assess their oral cancer awareness. Data were analyzed on SPSS version 20. Crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were computed using binary logistic regression to determine the association of demographic characteristics with awareness.\u0000Results: The median age of study participants was 37 (IQR=45-29) years whereas 105 (65.2%) of them were female. The mean awareness score of the participants was 8.94±2.71. Moreover, only 34 (21.1%) participants had adequate awareness whereas 127 (78.9%) had inadequate awareness regarding oral cancer. In a multivariable model, education of the patients was found to be associated with adequate awareness regarding oral cancer. \u0000Conclusion: It was concluded that certain gaps exist in the awareness of dental outpatients regarding oral cancer, and apart from the education, none of their demographic characteristics significantly influenced it.","PeriodicalId":140679,"journal":{"name":"Liaquat National Journal of Primary Care","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126055034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Students’ Attitude towards Patient-Centered Care: A Comparative Study between Traditional and Integrated Curriculum","authors":"","doi":"10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.4.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.4.26","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000The patient being the focus of all medical sciences therapy, patient-centered care is found to be more beneficial in improving the efficacy of care. It is now being emphasized that this competency of patient-centered care should be developed at the level of undergraduate. It is hoped that with time and experience medical students may develop this competency as a reflex in their clinical practice. Data about the attitude of medical students towards patient-centered care is variable. As well as comparative data as to which curriculum (i.e. traditional versus integrated) enhances this quality is also insufficient.\u0000Objective\u0000The objective of this study is to compare the \"patient-centered care\" attitude of medical students from an integrated versus traditional curriculum.\u0000Methods\u0000A cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted at Liaquat national hospital and Medical College from June to December 2017. The sampling technique was non-probability convenience sampling. The calculated sample size was 110 participants in each group. Group A had medical students from the final year current batch and passed out batch (traditional curriculum) while Group B had medical students from current fourth and final year (Integrated curriculum). After consent, a validated questionnaire i.e. patient-physician orientation scale (PPOS) was given to students. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 23. Descriptive analysis was done to compute central tendencies and standard deviation and the Students' t-test, was applied. A P-value of 0.05 was considered significant.\u0000Results\u0000Out of 350 students participating in the study, male and female participants were 29.14% (102/350) and 70.85% (248/350) respectively. The mean age was 21.99 ±1.73. Traditional curricular medical students had significantly better total PPOS scores as compared with integrated curriculum students. Females also had significantly better scores than males (p=0.04). \u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000\u0000Results suggest that an integrated medical curriculum should be reviewed and strategies that promote patient-centered care should be incorporated into all phases of student learning.","PeriodicalId":140679,"journal":{"name":"Liaquat National Journal of Primary Care","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121699353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitudes Concerning SARS-CoV-2 among Healthcare Workers in Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan","authors":"","doi":"10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The healthcare workers are leading the fight against the coronavirus pandemic and are at great risk of acquiring the infection. The information on the knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers towards SARS‐CoV-2 is useful to plan awareness and educational programs.\u0000\u0000Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers toward SARS‐CoV-2 in Mirpur, AJK, Pakistan.\u0000\u0000Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed during March and April 2020, on 468 healthcare workers in a tertiary care divisional headquarters teaching hospital of Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data through a face to face approach. The data were organized and statistically analyzed through SPSS version 21.0.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 520 healthcare workers were approached and 468 of them filled and returned the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 90.0%. The age range of the participants was 18 to 59 years with a mean of 31.5 ± 4.9 years. The majority of respondents were males (62.4%) and more than half of the participants (62.1%) had knowledge of the SARS‐CoV-2 outbreak and their main source of information was television (51.2%). Overall, 60.6% had sufficient knowledge of the disease and 79.7% had a positive attitude towards SARS‐CoV-2.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The outcomes of our study revealed that overall healthcare workers had an acceptable level of knowledge and a positive attitude towards the SARS‐CoV-2 outbreak.","PeriodicalId":140679,"journal":{"name":"Liaquat National Journal of Primary Care","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122109245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of Breast: A Rare Form of Gestational Breast Cancer","authors":"","doi":"10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Primary diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the breast is an uncommon form of gestational breast cancer and its presentation during pregnancy is challenging.\u0000 In our case report, a patient presented with a right breast lump during the first trimester of her pregnancy. Biopsy was taken from right breast mass, which was diffuse large b cell lymphoma (DLBCL) double expressive type. She underwent termination of pregnancy and received 6 cycles of multiagent intense chemotherapy along with central nervous system prophylaxis followed by consolidation involved site radiotherapy (ISRT) to breast and axilla after achieving a complete response.\u0000 Studies suggest no improvement in the outcome of gestational breast cancer with the termination of pregnancy. However, the presentation of primary DLBCL during pregnancy is extremely rare and the decision regarding pregnancy termination is weighted upon a case by case basis. The paucity of data makes our case report a valuable source for the management of DLBCL breast in pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":140679,"journal":{"name":"Liaquat National Journal of Primary Care","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128377644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency, Factors and Pattern of Delayed Presentation for Dialysis in Advanced Kidney Disease Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"A. Qureshi, M. Khan, Noureen Durrani, Jaleel Ahmed, Sumaira Ahmed","doi":"10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.3.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37184/lnjpc.2707-3521.3.28","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Globally the burden of chronic kidney diseases is increasing. It is often a silent disease until the most advanced stages when symptoms develop. Late referral and presentation to a nephrologist for CKD management is the major issue.\u0000Objective: To determine the frequency, factors and pattern of delayed presentation for dialysis in advanced kidney disease patients visiting tertiary care hospitals.\u0000Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted in Memon Medical Institute Hospital and Dow University of Health Sciences Ojha Campus Karachi Pakistan from December 2019 to March 2020. Patients who presented in the hospital for first-time dialysis with advanced kidney diseases were included in the study. The threshold of patient presentation after a month of advice for dialysis is used to categorize the patient presentation as delayed or non-delayed. Proforma was designed to collect data and SPSS version 21 was used for analyzing the collected data.\u0000Results: A total of 214 participants were recruited into the study. The median age of the participants was 40 (29.75 - 53) years. The majority were male (71%) and belonged to rural areas (63.1%). 50.9% of the patients presented with a delay of more than a month. The delayed presentation was significant among those belonging to rural areas (p=0.009) with higher median creatinine (p=0.002) and lower levels of education (p=0.001). The most frequent presentation was high blood pressure (89.3%), followed by oliguria (66.8%). Oliguria was significant among patients with delayed presentation (p=0.003). Patient perception for the delayed presentation was looking for transplant (69.2%) and fear of needle prick (52.3%).\u0000Conclusion: Delayed presentation for dialysis at tertiary care centers is a frequently seen issue particularly in patients belonging to rural areas presenting with a symptom of oliguria and fluid overload. Seeking alternative options such as renal transplants and fear of needles are the major reasons for delayed presentations in our study.","PeriodicalId":140679,"journal":{"name":"Liaquat National Journal of Primary Care","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121464522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}