{"title":"A modified VAR-deGARCH model for asynchronous multivariate financial time series via variational Bayesian inference","authors":"Wei-Ting Lai , Ray-Bing Chen , Shih-Feng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>This study proposes a modified VAR-deGARCH model, denoted by M-VAR-deGARCH, for modeling asynchronous multivariate financial time series<span><span> with GARCH effects and simultaneously accommodating the latest market information. A variational Bayesian (VB) procedure is developed for the M-VAR-deGARCH model to infer structure selection and parameter estimation. We conduct extensive simulations and empirical studies to evaluate the fitting and forecasting performance of the M-VAR-deGARCH model. The simulation results reveal that the proposed VB procedure produces satisfactory selection performance. In addition, our empirical studies find that the latest market information in </span>Asia can provide helpful information to predict market trends in Europe and </span></span>South Africa, especially when momentous events occur.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14061,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forecasting","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 345-360"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chaya Weerasinghe, Rubén Loaiza-Maya, Gael M. Martin, David T. Frazier
{"title":"ABC-based forecasting in misspecified state space models","authors":"Chaya Weerasinghe, Rubén Loaiza-Maya, Gael M. Martin, David T. Frazier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) has gained popularity as a method for conducting inference and forecasting in complex models, most notably those which are intractable in some sense. In this paper, we use ABC to produce probabilistic forecasts in state space models (SSMs). Whilst ABC-based forecasting in correctly-specified SSMs has been studied, the misspecified case has not been investigated. It is this case that we emphasize. We invoke recent principles of ‘focused’ Bayesian prediction, whereby Bayesian updates are driven by a scoring rule that rewards predictive accuracy; the aim being to produce predictives that perform well in that rule, despite misspecification. Two methods are investigated for producing the focused predictions. In a simulation setting, ‘coherent’ predictions are in evidence for both methods. That is, the predictive constructed using a particular scoring rule often predicts best according to that rule. Importantly, both focused methods typically produce more accurate forecasts than an exact but misspecified predictive, in particular when the degree of misspecification is marked. An empirical application to a truly intractable SSM completes the paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14061,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forecasting","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 270-289"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting the equity premium around the globe: Comprehensive evidence from a large sample","authors":"Fabian Hollstein , Marcel Prokopczuk , Björn Tharann , Chardin Wese Simen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Examining 81 countries over a period of up to 145 years and using various predictor variables and forecasting specifications, we provide a detailed analysis of equity premium predictability. We find that excess returns are more predictable in emerging and frontier markets than in developed markets. For all groups, forecast combinations perform very well out of sample. Analyzing the cross-section of countries, we find that market inefficiency is an important driver of return predictability. We also document significant cross-market return predictability. Finally, domestic inflation-adjusted returns are significantly more predictable than USD returns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14061,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forecasting","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 208-228"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141401101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-view locally weighted regression for loss given default forecasting","authors":"Hui Cheng, Cuiqing Jiang, Zhao Wang, Xiaoya Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately forecasting loss given default (LGD) poses challenges, due to its highly skewed distributions and complex nonlinear dependencies with predictors. To this end, we propose a multi-view locally weighted regression (MVLWR) method for LGD forecasting. To address the complexity of LGD distributions, we build a specific ensemble LGD forecasting model tailored for each new sample, providing flexibility and relaxing reliance on distribution assumptions. To address complex relationships, we combine multi-view learning and ensemble learning<span> for LGD modeling. Specifically, we divide original features into multiple complementary groups, build a view-specific locally weighted model for each group, and aggregate the outputs from all view-specific models. An empirical evaluation using a real-world dataset shows that the proposed method outperforms all the benchmarked methods in terms of both out-of-sample and out-of-time performance in LGD forecasting. We also provide valuable insights and practical implications for stakeholders, particularly financial institutions, to enhance their LGD forecasting capabilities.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":14061,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forecasting","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 290-306"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141413761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philipp Adämmer , Jan Prüser , Rainer A. Schüssler
{"title":"Forecasting macroeconomic tail risk in real time: Do textual data add value?","authors":"Philipp Adämmer , Jan Prüser , Rainer A. Schüssler","doi":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the incremental value of news-based data relative to the FRED-MD economic indicators for quantile predictions of employment, output, inflation, and consumer sentiment in a high-dimensional setting. Our results suggest that news data contain valuable information not captured by a large set of economic indicators. We provide empirical evidence that this information can be exploited to improve tail risk predictions. The added value is largest when media coverage and sentiment are combined to compute text-based predictors. Methods that capture quantile-specific non-linearities produce superior forecasts to those with linear predictive relationships. The results are robust along different modeling choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14061,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forecasting","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 307-320"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-temporal forecast reconciliation at digital platforms with machine learning","authors":"Jeroen Rombouts , Marie Ternes , Ines Wilms","doi":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Platform businesses operate on a digital core, and their decision-making requires high-dimensional accurate forecast streams at different levels of cross-sectional (e.g., geographical regions) and temporal aggregation (e.g., minutes to days). It also necessitates coherent forecasts across all hierarchy levels to ensure aligned decision-making across different planning units such as pricing, product, controlling, and strategy. Given that platform data streams feature complex characteristics and interdependencies, we introduce a non-linear hierarchical forecast reconciliation method that produces cross-temporal reconciled forecasts in a direct and automated way through popular machine learning methods. The method is sufficiently fast to allow forecast-based high-frequency decision-making that platforms require. We empirically test our framework on unique, large-scale streaming datasets from a leading on-demand delivery platform in Europe and a bicycle-sharing system in New York City.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14061,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forecasting","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 321-344"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asymmetric uncertainty: Nowcasting using skewness in real-time data","authors":"Paul Labonne","doi":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a new way to account for downside and upside risks when producing density nowcasts of GDP growth. The approach relies on modelling location, scale, and shape common factors in real-time macroeconomic data. While movements in the location generate shifts in the central part of the predictive density, the scale controls its dispersion (akin to general uncertainty) and the shape its asymmetry, or skewness (akin to downside and upside risks). The empirical application is centred on US GDP growth, and the real-time data come from FRED-MD. The results show that there is more to real-time data than their levels or means: their dispersion and asymmetry provide valuable information for nowcasting economic activity. Scale and shape common factors (i) yield more reliable measures of uncertainty and (ii) improve precision when macroeconomic uncertainty is at its peak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14061,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forecasting","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 229-250"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic time series modelling and forecasting of COVID-19 in Norway","authors":"Gunnar Bårdsen , Ragnar Nymoen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A framework for forecasting new COVID-19 cases jointly with hospital admissions and hospital beds with COVID-19 cases is presented. This project, dubbed CovidMod, produced 21 days ahead forecasts each working day from March 2021 to April 2022. Comparison of RMSFEs from that period, with the RMSFEs of the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), favours the CovidMod forecasts, both for new cases and for hospital beds. Another comparison, with the short term forecasts produced by the Cardt method, shows little difference. Next, we present a new model where smooth transition regression is used as a feasible method to include forecasted effects of non-linear policy responses to the deviation between hospital beds and hospital bed capacity, on the forecasts of the original three variables. The forecasting performance of the model with endogenous policy effects is demonstrated retrospectively. It is suggested as a complementary approach to follow when the forecasted variables are generated from processes that include policy responses as realistic features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14061,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forecasting","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 251-269"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Boosting domain-specific models with shrinkage: An application in mortality forecasting","authors":"Li Li , Han Li , Anastasios Panagiotelis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>This paper extends the technique of gradient boosting with a focus on using domain-specific models instead of trees. The domain of mortality forecasting is considered as an application. The two novel contributions are to use well-known stochastic mortality models as weak learners in gradient boosting rather than trees, and to include a penalty that shrinks mortality forecasts in adjacent age groups and nearby </span>geographical regions<span> closer together. The proposed method demonstrates superior forecasting performance based on US male mortality data from 1969 to 2019. The proposed approach also enables us to interpret and visualize the results. The boosted model with age-based shrinkage yields the most accurate national-level mortality forecast. For state-level forecasts, spatial shrinkage provides further improvement in accuracy in addition to the benefits of age-based shrinkage. This improvement can be attributed to data sharing across states with large and small populations in adjacent regions and states with common risk factors.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":14061,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forecasting","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 191-207"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141138769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficiency of poll-based multi-period forecasting systems for German state elections","authors":"Markus Fritsch , Harry Haupt , Joachim Schnurbus","doi":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijforecast.2024.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Election polls are frequently employed to reflect voter sentiment with respect to a particular election (or fixed-event). Despite their widespread use as forecasts and inputs for predictive algorithms, there is substantial uncertainty regarding their efficiency. This uncertainty is amplified by judgment in the form of pollsters applying unpublished weighting schemes to ensure the representativeness of the sampled voters for the underlying population. Efficient forecasting systems incorporate past information instantly, which renders a given fixed-event unpredictable based on past information. This results in all sequential adjustments of the fixed-event forecasts across adjacent time periods (or forecast revisions) being martingale differences. This paper illustrates the theoretical conditions related to weak efficiency of fixed-event forecasting systems based on traditional least squares loss and asymmetrically weighted least absolute deviations (or quantile) loss. Weak efficiency of poll-based multi-period forecasting systems for all German federal state elections since the year 2000 is investigated. The inefficiency of almost all considered forecasting systems is documented and alternative explanations for the findings are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14061,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forecasting","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 670-688"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141135428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}