Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy最新文献_第6页

Enhancement of a-Si:H solar cell efficiency by Y2O3 : Yb3+, Er3+ near infrared spectral upconverter Y2O3: Yb3+， Er3+近红外光谱上转换器提高a-Si:H太阳能电池效率

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-09-23 DOI: 10.1117/12.2237549

Kurias K. Markose, A. R., S. P., A. Antony, M. Jayaraj

{"title":"Enhancement of a-Si:H solar cell efficiency by Y2O3 : Yb3+, Er3+ near infrared spectral upconverter","authors":"Kurias K. Markose, A. R., S. P., A. Antony, M. Jayaraj","doi":"10.1117/12.2237549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237549","url":null,"abstract":"The optical properties of Yb3+/Er3+ doped Y2O3 upconversion phosphor and the enhancement of efficiency of a-Si:H solar cell on incorporation of upconverter are investigated. The Y2O3 host material has high corrosion resistance, thermal stability, chemical stability, low toxicity and relatively low phonon energy (≈ 500 cm-1). Y2O3:Yb3+ (x %): Er3+ (y %) upconversion nanophosphors with different dopant concentrations were synthesized via simple hydrothermal method followed by a heat treatment at 1200°C for 12 hrs. Highly crystalline, quasi-spherical, body centered cubic Y2O3 structure was obtained. The structure, phase and morphology of the nanocrystals were determined using x-ray diffraction and SEM. Following pumping at 980 nm two dominant emission bands were observed at about 550 nm(green) and 660 nm(red), corresponding to 2H11/2, 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 and 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transitions respectively. The dependence of emission intensity on pump power shows that the mechanism involved is two photon absorption. The upconversion phosphor along with a binder is coupled behind the a-Si:H solar cell which absorbs transmitted sub-band-gap photons and emits back the upconverted visible light which can be absorbed by the solar cell. Under suitable intensity of illumination the solar cell short circuit current is found to be increased on adding the upconversion layer.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127853266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Broadband-sensitive upconverters co-doped with Er3+ and Ni2+ for crystalline silicon solar cells 用于晶体硅太阳能电池的Er3+和Ni2+共掺杂宽带敏感上转换器

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-09-23 DOI: 10.1117/12.2235502

Y. Takeda, H. Luitel, S. Mizuno, T. Tani

{"title":"Broadband-sensitive upconverters co-doped with Er3+ and Ni2+ for crystalline silicon solar cells","authors":"Y. Takeda, H. Luitel, S. Mizuno, T. Tani","doi":"10.1117/12.2235502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2235502","url":null,"abstract":"We have demonstrated broadband sensitization of Er3+-doped upconverters coupled with crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells by introducing Ni2+ co-dopants into ABO3-type perovskite host materials such as La(Ga,Sc,In)O3 and CaZrO3. The Ni2+ sensitizers absorb 1.1−1.45 μm photons, which are not absorbed by either c-Si or Er3+, and transfer the energies to the Er3+ emitters. Thus, 1.1−1.45 μm photons are also upconverted to 0.98 μm photons, in addition to 1.45−1.6 μm photons that are directly absorbed by the Er3+. To compensate the charge imbalance caused by introducing divalent Ni2+ ions into the trivalent (Ga3+, Sc3+, and In3+) and tetravalent (Zr4+) sites, Nb5+ co-dopants were incorporated. Similarly, codoping with monovalent ions (Li+, Na+, K+) notably enhanced the upconversion emission when the Ca2+ sites were substituted with the Er3+ ions. These broadband-sensitive upconverters overcome the shortcoming of conventional Er3+- doped upconverters that only a small portion of the solar spectrum at around 1.55 μm is utilized. If all the photons in the Er3+ absorption band ranging from 1.45 μm to 1.6 μm were perfectly upconverted, the improvement in the short-circuit current density (JSC) would be 1.9 mA/cm2 under the AM1.5G 1 sun solar illumination. The additional improvement for the broadband-sensitive upconverters developed here could be as high as 4.1 mA/cm2 by utilizing 1.1−1.45 μm photons, thus totally 6.1 mA/cm2. This corresponds to a significant gain in conversion efficiency (η) by 3.8% for c-Si solar cells with JSC = 40 mA/cm2 and η = 25%. The architecture of the broadband sensitization opens the door toward the concept of the third-generation solar cells with high conversion efficiency and low cost.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115040191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Concept of a methodical process for the design of concentrating photovoltaic systems according to the context of use 根据使用环境设计聚光光伏系统的系统过程概念

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-09-23 DOI: 10.1117/12.2237209

David González-Correa, G. Osorio-Gómez, R. Mejía–Gutiérrez

{"title":"Concept of a methodical process for the design of concentrating photovoltaic systems according to the context of use","authors":"David González-Correa, G. Osorio-Gómez, R. Mejía–Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1117/12.2237209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237209","url":null,"abstract":"Concentrating Photo Voltaic (CPV) systems maximize energy harvested from the sun with multi-junction solar cells of less area, reducing related implementation costs and reaching energy production thresholds up to 38,9 %. Nowadays, CPV systems are generally implemented in solar energy farms in a permanent location, however, these systems could be used in other dynamic contexts, such as vehicles or portable devices. In this way, mechanical and geometrical parameters related to manipulation, transportation and installation should be carefully considered at the design stage. Besides, each condition of use presents different variables affecting these parameters. In all, there is not an established architecture for these systems, opening up the possibility of radically changing their use, geometry and components. Therefore, a concept of a methodical process for designing of CPV systems is proposed in order to predict their behavior in terms of implementation and energy production. This might allow the development of robust concepts that can be adapted to different context of use as required, providing an itinerant character and thus extending the field of implementation of these systems beyond a static use. The relevant variables for the use of CPV systems are determined through experimentation considering the implementation of Fresnel lenses as light concentrators. This allows generating a structured design guide composed of different methods of measurement, selection and development. The methodical process is based on a perspective of functional modules considering needs, technical aspects and particular usage conditions of each design and it would provide appropriate guidelines in each circumstance.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127897955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Concentrating light in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells Cu(in,Ga)Se2太阳能电池中的聚光

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-09-23 DOI: 10.1117/12.2238056

M. Schmid, G. Yin, Min Song, Shengkai Duan, B. Heidmann, Diego Sancho-Martínez, S. Kämmer, T. Köhler, P. Manley, M. Lux‐Steiner

{"title":"Concentrating light in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells","authors":"M. Schmid, G. Yin, Min Song, Shengkai Duan, B. Heidmann, Diego Sancho-Martínez, S. Kämmer, T. Köhler, P. Manley, M. Lux‐Steiner","doi":"10.1117/12.2238056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2238056","url":null,"abstract":"Light concentration has proven beneficial for solar cells, most notably for highly efficient but expensive absorber materials using high concentrations and large scale optics. Here we investigate light concentration for cost efficient thinfilm solar cells which show nano- or microtextured absorbers. Our absorber material of choice is Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) which has a proven stabilized record efficiency of 22.6% and which - despite being a polycrystalline thin-film material - is very tolerant to environmental influences. Taking a nanoscale approach, we concentrate light in the CIGSe absorber layer by integrating photonic nanostructures made from dielectric materials. The dielectric nanostructures give rise to resonant modes and field localization in their vicinity. Thus when inserted inside or adjacent to the absorber layer, absorption and efficiency enhancement are observed. In contrast to this internal absorption enhancement, external enhancement is exploited in the microscale approach: mm-sized lenses can be used to concentrate light onto CIGSe solar cells with lateral dimensions reduced down to the micrometer range. These micro solar cells come with the benefit of improved heat dissipation compared to the large scale concentrators and promise compact high efficiency devices. Both approaches of light concentration allow for reduction in material consumption by restricting the absorber dimension either vertically (ultra-thin absorbers for dielectric nanostructures) or horizontally (micro absorbers for concentrating lenses) and have significant potential for efficiency enhancement.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131736919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Metal Hydrides as hot carrier cell absorber materials 金属氢化物作为热载体电池吸收材料

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-09-23 DOI: 10.1117/12.2242400

Pei Wang, X. Wen, S. Shrestha, G. Conibeer, Kondo‐François Aguey‐Zinsou

{"title":"Metal Hydrides as hot carrier cell absorber materials","authors":"Pei Wang, X. Wen, S. Shrestha, G. Conibeer, Kondo‐François Aguey‐Zinsou","doi":"10.1117/12.2242400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2242400","url":null,"abstract":"The hot Carrier Solar Cell (HCSC) allows the photon-induced hot carriers (the carriers with energy larger than the band gap) to be collected before they completely thermalise. The absorber of the HCSC should have a large phononic band gap to supress Klemens Decay, which results in a slow carrier cooling speed. In fact, a large phononic band gap likely exists in a binary compound whose constituent elements have a large mass ratio between each other. Binary hydrides with their overwhelming mass ratio of the constituent elements are important absorber candidates. Study on different types of binary hydrides as potential absorber candidates is presented in this paper. Many binary transition metal hydrides have reported theoretical or experimental phonon dispersion charts which show large phononic band gaps. Among these hydrides, the titanium hydride (TiHX) is outstanding because of its low cost, easy fabrication process and is relatively inert to air and water. A TiHX thin film is fabricated by directly hydrogenating an evaporated titanium thin film. Characterisation shows good crystal quality and the hydrogenation process is believed to be successful. Ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy is used to study the electron cooling time of TiHX. The result is very noisy due to the low absorption and transmission of the sample. The evolution of the TA curves has been explained by band to band transition using the calculated band structure of TiH2. Though not reliable due to the high noise, decay time fitting at 700nm and 600nm shows a considerably slow carrier cooling speed of the sample.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121025613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and simulation of a MEM pressure microgripper based on electrothermal microactuators 基于电热微执行器的MEM压力微夹持器设计与仿真

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-09-23 DOI: 10.1117/12.2237533

M. Tecpoyotl-T., Pedro Vargas Ch., S. Koshevaya, Ramón Cabello-R., Alejandra Ocampo-D., J. G. Vera-D.

引用次数: 1

Tuning the colors of c-Si solar cells by exploiting plasmonic effects 利用等离子体效应调整碳硅太阳能电池的颜色

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-09-23 DOI: 10.1117/12.2237754

G. Peharz, B. Grosschädl, C. Prietl, W. Waldhauser, F. Wenzl

{"title":"Tuning the colors of c-Si solar cells by exploiting plasmonic effects","authors":"G. Peharz, B. Grosschädl, C. Prietl, W. Waldhauser, F. Wenzl","doi":"10.1117/12.2237754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237754","url":null,"abstract":"The color of a crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell is mainly determined by its anti-reflective coating. This is a lambda/4 coating made from a transparent dielectric material. The thickness of the anti-reflective coating is optimized for maximal photocurrent generation, resulting in the typical blue or black colors of c-Si solar cells. However, for building-integrated photovoltaic (BiPV) applications the color of the solar cells is demanded to be tunable – ideally by a cheap and flexible coating process on standard (low cost) c-Si solar cells. Such a coating can be realized by applying plasmonic coloring which is a rapidly growing technology for high-quality color filtering and rendering for different fields of application (displays, imaging,…). In this contribution, we present results of an approach for tuning the color of standard industrial c-Si solar cells that is based on coating them with metallic nano-particles. In particular, thin films (< 20 nm) of a metal (e.g., silver) were sputtered onto c-Si solar cells and thermally annealed subsequently. The sizes and the shapes of the nano-particles (characterized by SEM) were found to depend on the thickness of the deposited films and the surface roughness of the substrates/solar cells. With such an approach it is possible to tune the color of the standard c-Si cells from blue to green and brownish/red. The position of the resonance peak in the reflection spectrum was found to be almost independent from the angle of incidence. This low angular sensitivity is a clear advantage compared to alternative color tuning methods, for which additional dielectric thin films are deposited on c-Si solar cells.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125175130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Type II GaSb/GaAs quantum rings with extended photoresponse for efficient solar cells 具有扩展光响应的II型GaSb/GaAs量子环用于高效太阳能电池

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-09-23 DOI: 10.1117/12.2236957

P. Carrington, D. Montesdeoca, H. Fujita, J. James, M. Wagener, J. R. Botha, A. Marshall, A. Krier

{"title":"Type II GaSb/GaAs quantum rings with extended photoresponse for efficient solar cells","authors":"P. Carrington, D. Montesdeoca, H. Fujita, J. James, M. Wagener, J. R. Botha, A. Marshall, A. Krier","doi":"10.1117/12.2236957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2236957","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of GaSb quantum dots (QDs) within a GaAs single junction solar cell is attracting increasing interest as a means of absorbing long wavelength photons to extend the photoresponse and increase the short-circuit current. The band alignment in this system is type-II, such that holes are localized within the GaSb QDs but there is no electron confinement. Compared to InAs QDs this produces a red-shift of the photoresponse which could increase the short-circuit current and improve carrier extraction. GaSb nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) tend to preferentially form quantum rings (QRs) which are less strained and contain fewer defects than the GaSb QDs, which means that they are more suitable for dense stacking in the active region of a solar cell to reduce the accumulation of internal strain and enhance light absorption. Here, we report the growth and fabrication of GaAs based p-i-n solar cells containing ten layers of GaSb QRs. They show extended long wavelength photoresponse into the near-IR up to 1400 nm and enhanced short-circuit current compared to the GaAs control cell due to absorption of low energy photons. Although enhancement of the short-circuit current was observed, the thermionic emission of holes was found to be insufficient for ideal operation at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"9937 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131006149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of holographic lens and filter systems for lateral spectrum splitting 横向分光全息透镜与滤光片系统的比较

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-09-23 DOI: 10.1117/12.2236105

S. Vorndran, Benjamin D. Chrysler, R. Kostuk

{"title":"Comparison of holographic lens and filter systems for lateral spectrum splitting","authors":"S. Vorndran, Benjamin D. Chrysler, R. Kostuk","doi":"10.1117/12.2236105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2236105","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrum splitting is an approach to increasing the conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) system. Several methods can be used to perform this function which requires efficient spatial separation of different spectral bands of the incident solar radiation. In this paper several of holographic methods for implementing spectrum splitting are reviewed along with the benefits and disadvantages associated with each approach. The review indicates that a volume holographic lens has many advantages for spectrum splitting in terms of both power conversion efficiency and energy yield. A specific design for a volume holographic spectrum splitting lens is discussed for use with high bandgap InGaP and low bandgap silicon PV cells. The holographic lenses are modeled using rigorous coupled wave analysis, and the optical efficiency is evaluated using non-sequential raytracing. A proof-of-concept off-axis holographic lens is also recorded in dichromated gelatin film and the spectral diffraction efficiency of the hologram is measured with multiple laser sources across the diffracted spectral band. The experimental volume holographic lens (VHL) characteristics are compared to an ideal spectrum splitting filter in terms of power conversion efficiency and energy yield in environments with high direct normal incidence (DNI) illumination and high levels of diffuse illumination. The results show that the experimental VHL can achieve 62.5% of the ideal filter power conversion efficiency, 64.8% of the ideal filter DNI environment energy yield, and 57.7% of the ideal diffuse environment energy yield performance.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117311728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fluorescent simulation and experimental verification of luminescent solar concentrators 发光太阳能聚光器的荧光模拟与实验验证

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-09-23 DOI: 10.1117/12.2240163

Pin-Jen Chao, Hsi-Fu Shih, Wen-Yih Liao

引用次数: 2