Oksana Zaitseva, Marta Sergushkina, Dmitry Popyvanov, Yanina Nazarova, Tatyana Polezhaeva, Olga Solomina, Andrey Khudyakov
{"title":"The Influence of Polysaccharide Fractions of the Lion’s Mane Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes) on the Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activity of Neutrophils Exposed to Stress of Different Durations","authors":"Oksana Zaitseva, Marta Sergushkina, Dmitry Popyvanov, Yanina Nazarova, Tatyana Polezhaeva, Olga Solomina, Andrey Khudyakov","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054937","url":null,"abstract":"Polysaccharide fractions from the mycelium of the fungus Hericium erinaceus BP 16, cultivated on sterile grain substrates (barley, oats, wheat, rice, rye), were isolated and characterized. 1% solutions were prepared from the resulting fractions, mixed with a blood, which was then subjected to cold stress at a temperature of 6°C for 3, 5 and 7 days. It has been shown that the fraction of H. erinaceus grown on rye is characterized by a high content of the protein fraction and arabinose monosaccharide and contributes to the preservation of higher phagocytic, bactericidal and antioxidant activity cells throughout the entire period of stress. Polysaccharide fractions of the fungus H. erinaceus, grown on various grain substrates, can serve as an immunomodulatory and antioxidant food additive and provide significant benefits in the daily life of people with stress and reduced immunity.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141721171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
He Li, Fang Xiao, Chen Xi Dou, Bo Zhou, Zhao He Chen, Jing Yi Wang, Cheng Gang Wang, Fang Xie
{"title":"Integrated Comparative Transcriptome and Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Provide Valuable Insights into the Mechanisms of Pinhead Initiation in Chinese Cordyceps Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycota)","authors":"He Li, Fang Xiao, Chen Xi Dou, Bo Zhou, Zhao He Chen, Jing Yi Wang, Cheng Gang Wang, Fang Xie","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054674","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The initiation and formation of the pinhead is the key node in growth process of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Chinese Cordyceps). The research on the mechanism of changes in this growth stage is the basis for realizing the industrialization of its artificial cultivation. Clarifying the mechanisms of pinhead initiation is essential for its further application. Here, we performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of pinhead initiation process in O. sinensis. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed remarkable variation in gene expression and enriched pathways at different pinhead initiation stages. Gene co-expression network analysis by WGCNA identified 4 modules highly relevant to different pinhead initiation stages, and 23 hub genes. The biological function analysis and hub gene annotation of these identified modules demonstrated that transmenbrance transport and nucleotide excision repair were the topmost enriched in pre-pinhead initiation stage, carbohydrate metabolism and protein glycosylation were specially enriched in pinhead initiation stage, nucleotide binding and DNA metabolic process were over-represented after pinhead stage. These key regulators are mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. This work excavated the candidate pathways and hub genes related to the pinhead initiation stage, which will serve as a reference for realizing the industrialization of artificial cultivation in O. sinensis.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141504748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonella Mazzola, francisco kuhar, Alina Greslebin
{"title":"Progression Over Time of Nutritional Content and Antioxidant Activity of Grains Fermented with Medicinal Mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma sessile (Agaricomycetes)","authors":"Antonella Mazzola, francisco kuhar, Alina Greslebin","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054939","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state fermentation (SSF) of cereals with edible fungi is a promising strategy for producing functional flours. Hypothetically, the nutritional and functional properties of these flours could be modulated by manipulating substrate composition, fungal species, and incubation conditions. This article reports the variation over time in nutritional, polyphenol, and triterpene contents, as well as the antioxidant activity of rice and wheat fermented with Ganoderma sessile and Pleurotus ostreatus. Solid-state fermentation significantly improved the antioxidant power of the substrates which seemed to be highly correlated with the increase of the phenolic compounds. This increase peaked in the 2nd-3rd week and decreased after this point. Triterpene content also increased, especially in substrates fermented with G. sessile. Substrates fermented with G. sessile showed higher values than those fermented with P. ostreatus in all compounds, which could be a result of a higher growth rate. Fermented wheat showed higher values than fermented rice in all measured compounds except reducing sugars which can be related to a slower progress in the fermentation due to the more complex structure of the wheat grain. Our results reinforce the importance of substrate and strain selection for product modulation to meet the industry's growing needs.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141721199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evidence for Regulation of Cordycepin Biosynthesis by Transcription Factors Krüppel-like factor 4 and Retinoid X receptor alpha in Cordyceps militaris","authors":"Hucheng Zhang, Lina Deng, Shuai Luo, Linying Liu, Guowei Yang, Yuning Zhang, Bo Gao, Dongqing Yang, Xiaojie Wang, Shuangshi Li, Xingjuan Li, Yaguang Jang, Wenyan Lao, Frank Vriesekoop","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054952","url":null,"abstract":"Cordyceps militaris, Chinese traditional medicinal fungus, has many bioactive properties. Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) is a major bioactive component of C. militaris. Various methods can significantly elevate cordycepin production, which suggests a diverse set of metabolic regulatory mechanisms. Thus, we aimed to identify transcription factors that regulate cordycepin biosynthesis pathways. Transcriptome analysis of wild type C. militaris, C. militaris GYS60, a cordycepin high-producing strain, and C. militaris GYS80, a low-producing strain, were used to measure expression and function of genes related to cordycepin biosynthesis. The transcriptome expression data were confirmed by qRT-PCR. We identified 155 relevant transcription factors in 19 families that included Fork head/winged helix factors, other C4 zinc finger-type factors, C2H2 zinc finger factors, tryptophan cluster factors, nuclear receptors with C4 zinc fingers, homeodomain factors, and Rel homology region factors. Energy generation and amino acid conversion pathways were activated in GYS60 so that abundance of cordycepin precursors was increased. Genes and transcription factors for rate-limiting enzymes in these pathways were identified. Overexpression of two key transcription factors, Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and Retinoid X receptor alpha (Rxra), promoted high cordycepin production in GYS60. In GYS60, Klf4 and Rxra were responsible for upregulation of genes in cordycepin biosynthesis, namely an oxidoreductase, 3',5'-cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, a transferase, and adenylate cyclase. Upregulation of these genes increased 3'-AMP content, thereby elevating cordycepin synthesis.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Royal Sun Medicinal Mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis KA21 (Agaricomycetes) Cultivated Outdoors on Wound Healing and Maintaining Skin Elasticity","authors":"Akitomo Motoi, Katsuya Tajima, Rina Motoi, Masuro Motoi, Hoichi Amano, Daisuke Yamanaka, Ken-ichi Ishibashi, Naohito Ohno, Yoshiyuki Adachi","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054886","url":null,"abstract":"Royal sun medicinal mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis KA21 has various beneficial pharmacological effects; however, these effects are influenced by its cultivation conditions. A. brasiliensis KA21 is rich in β-glucan, which promotes wound healing. This study evaluated the wound healing-promoting effects of A. brasiliensis KA21 and the influence of cultivation conditions on these effects. Upon evaluation of its effect on wound healing, the outdoor-cultivated A. brasiliensis KA21 (KAOD) promoted wound healing in mice, and the effect of KAOD was stronger than that of the indoor-cultivated one (KAID). In addition, A. brasiliensis KA21 promoted the synthesis of collagen I and III, which are involved in promoting wound healing; KAOD strongly induced collagen III production. Furthermore, KAOD suppressed the decrease in skin elasticity after acetone application in our mouse model, which was not observed for KAID. These results show that KAOD is useful as a supplement in surgery and injury healing for humans and animals, improving immunity against pathogens in wound areas and promoting wound healing. In addition, KAOD may be useful in the field of skin aesthetics for repairing skin damage and maintaining skin elasticity.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141613547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gréta Törős, Áron Béni, Ferenc Peles, Mahendra Rai, Hassan Elramady, József Prokisch
{"title":"Enhancing Biomass and β-Glucan Yield from Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricomycetes) Mycelia Through Extract Valorization","authors":"Gréta Törős, Áron Béni, Ferenc Peles, Mahendra Rai, Hassan Elramady, József Prokisch","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054590","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the impact of mushroom extract-based solid media on the β-glucan content, growth rate, density, and biomass content of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) mycelia. Fresh, high-quality raw P. ostreatus were washed, sliced, and heated in a sealed pressure cooker at 90°C for 4 hours in the drying cabinet. Following the heating process, centrifugation was carried out. Different concentrations of Pleurotus ostreatus extract were mixed with distilled water (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and prepared for a sterile solid media. A malt extract-based medium was maintained as a control. This study focuses on the growth performance of P. ostreatus mycelium on its own mushroom extract-based culture medium which holds considerable economic and environmental significance. During the six-day observation period, the mycelium exhibited consistent growth across all tested media, maintaining a steady growth rate of 15 mm. The increased content of mushroom extract resulted from the enhanced density of the mycelia and biomass content. It can be inferred that when media containing less than 25% of mushroom extract dilution is used, β-glucan can be formed in smaller amounts. Further research is needed to explore mushroom extract derived from different types of mushroom byproducts, which fail to meet commercial standards.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Yating, Lina Guo, Haile Ma, Muhammad Tayyab Rashid, Jamila Akter Tuly, GOLLY, K. Moses, Cunshan Zhou, ronghai He, xiaofei Ye, bingcheng Gan, xing Han
{"title":"Morphology of four strains of Medicinl phellinoid Agaricomycetes, and microstructural and physiological properties of their exudates","authors":"Dong Yating, Lina Guo, Haile Ma, Muhammad Tayyab Rashid, Jamila Akter Tuly, GOLLY, K. Moses, Cunshan Zhou, ronghai He, xiaofei Ye, bingcheng Gan, xing Han","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054258","url":null,"abstract":"To study and compare the morphology of the phellinoid Agaricomycetes strains and find other strategies to improve Phellinus spp. growth and metabolism. In this study, the morphological characteristics of four Phellinus igniarius strains (phellinoid Agaricomycetes) were observed under a light microscope. The exudates from these fungi were observed using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The exudates were initially transparent with a water-like appearance, and became darker with time at neutral pH. Microscopy of air-dried exudates revealed regular shapes and crystals. Cl-(chloride) and K+ were the two key elements analyzed using EDS. Polyphenol oxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and laccase activities were detected in mycelia from each of the four Phellinus strains. The K+ content of the three strains was higher than that of the wild strain. Cl- content correlated negatively with that of K+. Laccase activities associated with each mycelia and its corresponding media differed under cold and contaminated conditions.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities of Crude Extracts of Four Phellinus species and Coltricia fragilissima (Agaricomycetes) from Cameroon and Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"MOSSEBO Dominique Claude, Blondo-Pascal Metsebing, Romuald Oba, Fabrice Tsigaing Tsigain, Thierry Fonkui Youmbi, Marthe Carine Djuidje Fosting, Tata Charlotte Mungoh, Derek Ntantoh Ndinteh","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054634","url":null,"abstract":"Antifungal and antibacterial activities of crude extracts of Phellinus extensus, Ph. gilvus, Ph. pachyphloeus, Ph. senex and Coltricia fragilissima were investigated on eleven species of bacteria and three fungal human pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution method. The results of this study reveal that for the eleven strains of bacteria tested, including Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella aerogenes, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia choli, the MIC of the crude extract of the four species of Phellinus as well as that of C. fragilissima ranged from 3.13 to 12.50 mg/mL. For the three strains of fungi tested including Candida albicans, Aspergillus ochraceus and A. fumigetus, the MIC of the crude extracts of the same four species of Phellinus as well as that of C. fragilissima ranged from 0.39 to 3.13 mg/mL. These data reveal that the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of Phellinus and Coltricia species is stronger on pathogenic fungi than on bacteria. C. fragilissima being of the same family as Phellinus and having recorded the values of MIC eminently close to those of the latter may potentially be used for medicinal purposes like the investigated Phellinus species. Being highly represented in the sub-Saharan regions and owing to the above-mentioned results, these species could now be considered as part of the non-exhaustive list of medicinal mushrooms in these regions and may constitute a new source of natural molecules that may be more active than synthetic products against certain fungal and bacte","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shoaib Ahmad Lone, Abdul Hamid Wani, MOHD YAQUB BHAT, Prince Firdoos Iqbal
{"title":"Diversity and Ethno-Mycopharmacological Insights of Medicinal Mushrooms of Bangus Valley of Jammu and Kashmir (India)","authors":"Shoaib Ahmad Lone, Abdul Hamid Wani, MOHD YAQUB BHAT, Prince Firdoos Iqbal","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054174","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out in various regions of Jammu and Kashmir, India for the diversity and pharmacology of wild mushrooms. The valley is bestowed with alpine meadows and dense coniferous forest. Because of its isolation, security concerns, and line of control, the majority of these locations have either been little investigated or are entirely undiscovered. During the intensive survey of various locations, 20 mushroom species were collected from the surveyed areas. The ethno-mycological information was gathered from tribal communities, and local herbalist (hakims). It was observed that 16 species were used against cold, constipations, liver and skin disorders, digestion problems, healing of the wounds etc. However, these medicinal mushrooms are losing their relevance, hence there is an urgent need to explore and preserve this knowledge for future use as medicine.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Tada, Hiroki Ito, Yuzuho Nagai, Yasuhiro Sakurai, Daisuke Yamanaka, Naohito Ohno, Jun Kunisawa, Yoshiyuki Adachi, Yoichi Negishi
{"title":"Addition of Mucoadhesive Agent to Enzymatically Polymerized Caffeic Acid-Based Nasal Vaccine Formulation Attenuates Antigen-Specific Antibody Responses in Mice","authors":"Rui Tada, Hiroki Ito, Yuzuho Nagai, Yasuhiro Sakurai, Daisuke Yamanaka, Naohito Ohno, Jun Kunisawa, Yoshiyuki Adachi, Yoichi Negishi","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054586","url":null,"abstract":"Mucosal vaccination is a promising strategy for combating infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microbes, as it can generate antigen-specific immune responses in both systemic and mucosal compartments. In our recent study, we developed a nasal vaccine system for Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in mice using enzymatically polymerized polyphenols such as caffeic acid. However, the efficacy of this mucosal vaccine system is approximately 70%, indicating a need for improvement. To address this issue, we hypothesized that incorporating a mucoadhesive agent that enhances mucosal absorption into a polyphenol-based mucosal vaccine system would improve vaccine efficacy. Contrary to our expectations, we found that adding a mucoadhesive agent, hydrophobically modified hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HM-HPMC), to the vaccine system reduced the stimulation of antigen-specific antibody responses in both the mucosal (more than 90% reduction; p < 0.05) and systemic compartments (more than 80% reduction; p < 0.05). Although the addition of the mucoadhesive agent may have interfered with the interaction between the mucosal epithelium and the vaccine system, the underlying mechanism remains unclear, and further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms involved.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141513382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}