International Journal of Inflammation最新文献

{"title":"Xanthine Oxidase-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Respiratory Epithelial Cells: A Review in Immunopathology of COVID-19.","authors":"Irandi Putra Pratomo,&nbsp;Dimas R Noor,&nbsp;Kusmardi Kusmardi,&nbsp;Andriansjah Rukmana,&nbsp;Rafika I Paramita,&nbsp;Linda Erlina,&nbsp;Fadilah Fadilah,&nbsp;Anggi Gayatri,&nbsp;Magna Fitriani,&nbsp;Tommy T H Purnomo,&nbsp;Anna Ariane,&nbsp;Rudi Heryanto,&nbsp;Aryo Tedjo","doi":"10.1155/2021/1653392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1653392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the production of uric acid and superoxide radicals from purine bases: hypoxanthine and xanthine and is also expressed in respiratory epithelial cells. Uric acid, which is also considered a danger associated molecule pattern (DAMP), could trigger a series of inflammatory responses by activating the inflammasome complex path and NF-<i>κ</i>B within the endothelial cells and by inducing proinflammatory cytokine release. Concurrently, XO also converts the superoxide radicals into hydroxyl radicals that further induce inflammatory responses. These conditions will ultimately sum up a hyperinflammation condition commonly dubbed as cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). The expression of proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophil chemokines may be reduced by XO inhibitor, as observed in human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV)-infected A549 cells. Our review emphasizes that XO may have an essential role as an anti-inflammation therapy for respiratory viral infection, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2021 ","pages":"1653392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8346299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39291466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Autologous Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma (aaPRP) in the Treatment of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients.","authors":"Karina Karina,&nbsp;Iis Rosliana,&nbsp;Imam Rosadi,&nbsp;Siti Sobariah,&nbsp;Louis Martin Christoffel,&nbsp;Rita Novariani,&nbsp;Siti Rosidah,&nbsp;Novy Fatkhurohman,&nbsp;Yuli Hertati,&nbsp;Nurlaela Puspitaningrum,&nbsp;Wismo Reja Subroto,&nbsp;Irsyah Afini,&nbsp;Difky Ernanda","doi":"10.1155/2021/5531873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5531873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been increasing rapidly. This disease causes an increase in proinflammatory cytokine production that leads to cytokine storm or cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Autologous activated platelet-rich plasma (aaPRP) contains various types of growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines that may have the potential to suppress CRS. This study of phase I/II trial was aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of aaPRP to treat severe COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 10 severe COVID-19 patients from Koja Regional Public Hospital (Koja RPH) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). All patients received aaPRP administration three times. Primary outcomes involving the duration of hospitalization, oxygen needs, time of recovery, and mortality were observed. Secondary outcomes involving C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil, lymphocyte, and lymphocyte-to-CRP (LCR) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients were transferred to the ICU with a median duration of 9 days. All patients received oxygen at enrollment and nine of ten patients recovered from the ICU and transferred to the ward room. There was one patient who passed away in the ICU due to heart failure. The results of secondary outcomes showed that CRP value and lymphocytes counts were significantly decreased while neutrophils, LCR, and NLR were slightly increased after aaPRP administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results of the phase I/II trial demonstrated that the use of aaPRP in severe COVID-19 patients was safe and not associated with serious adverse events, which showed that aaPRP was a promising adjunctive therapy for severe COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2021 ","pages":"5531873"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8285191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39219625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios in Nondialysis Chronic Kidney Patients.","authors":"Gysllene M C Brito,&nbsp;Andrea M M Fontenele,&nbsp;Erika Cristina R L Carneiro,&nbsp;Iara Antonia L Nogueira,&nbsp;Tamires B Cavalcante,&nbsp;André A M Vale,&nbsp;Sally Cristina M Monteiro,&nbsp;Natalino Salgado Filho","doi":"10.1155/2021/6678960","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/6678960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and the Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) are inflammatory biomarkers for several diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular morbidities; however, there are currently few studies on kidney diseases. We aimed to evaluate nondialysis patients and determine the association of NLR and PLR with inflammation in these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 85 patients at different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), treated at the Kidney Disease Prevention Center of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão. This study included adult nondialysis patients diagnosed with CKD. The participants' blood samples were collected for a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) test and blood count. They were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of inflammation based on the hs-CRP value (<0.5 mg/dL). NLR and PLR were calculated based on the absolute number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets and were compared between them and with hs-CRP. Statistical analysis was performed using the Stata software, with the Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney, Spearman's Correlation, and receiver operating characteristic curve tests. This study was approved by the local ethics committee.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants were categorized into two groups: with inflammation (<i>n</i> = 64) and without inflammation (<i>n</i> = 21). The mean age was 61.43 ± 14.63 y. The NLR and PLR values were significantly different between the groups with and without inflammation (<i>p</i>=0.045and <i>p</i>=0.004, respectively). However, only PLR showed a significant positive correlation with hs-CRP (<i>p</i>=0.015). The best cutoff point for NLR to detect inflammation was 1.98, with 76.19% sensitivity and 48.44% specificity. For PLR, it was 116.07, with 85.71% sensitivity and 51.56% specificity. There was no significant difference between the area under the NLR and PLR curve (0.71 vs. 0.64; <i>p</i>=0.186) for this population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that PLR was positively correlated with hs-CRP in nondialysis CKD patients and can be used to identify inflammation in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6678960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8245254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39180717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended Inflammation Parameters (EIP) as Markers of Immune System Cell Activation in Psoriasis.","authors":"Anna Kowalska-Kępczyńska,&nbsp;Mateusz Mleczko,&nbsp;Weronika Domerecka,&nbsp;Marcin Mazurek,&nbsp;Dorota Krasowska,&nbsp;Teresa Małecka-Massalska,&nbsp;Helena Donica","doi":"10.1155/2021/9216528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9216528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriasis is an inflammatory, autoimmune disease that affects approximately 2% of the population. The inflammation in psoriasis can be systemic, so despite a predominantly cutaneous manifestation, it also affects the internal organs. The diagnosis and monitoring of the disease are based on the clinical picture. To assess the disorders of other organs, additional tests need to be performed. Recently, the examination of blood morphology has been enriched with modern haematological parameters, i.e., Extended Inflammation Parameters (EIP), which include RE-LYMPH (activated lymphocytes), AS-LYMPH (antibody-producing B lymphocytes), and NEUT-RI and NEUT-GI (activated neutrophils). In the study, higher values of new haematological parameters were observed in individuals with psoriasis than in healthy controls. A higher EIP value was noted in the group of individuals with plaque psoriasis than in the group of individuals with psoriatic arthritis. Implementation of these parameters into routine laboratory analysis will likely make it possible to estimate the severity of the inflammation and improve its assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2021 ","pages":"9216528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8219407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39163048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Hypertriglyceridemia and Circulating Neutrophil Subpopulation in Patients with Dyslipidemia.","authors":"Vadim Genkel,&nbsp;Ilya Dolgushin,&nbsp;Irina Baturina,&nbsp;Albina Savochkina,&nbsp;Alla Kuznetsova,&nbsp;Lubov Pykhova,&nbsp;Igor Shaposhnik","doi":"10.1155/2021/6695468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6695468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is strong evidence to suggest that the negative influence of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) on atherosclerosis development and progression is at least partially mediated by their proinflammatory effects. However, the effect of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) on the subpopulation composition of circulating neutrophils has not been studied so far. The aim of this study was to examine correlations between the level of triglycerides (TGs) and the subpopulation composition of circulating neutrophils in middle-aged patients with dyslipidemia without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-one patients with dyslipidemia, including 22 (24.2%) patients with HTG, were enrolled in the study. Phenotying of neutrophil subpopulations was performed through flow cytometry (Navios 6/2, Beckman Coulter, USA). For phenotyping of neutrophil subpopulations, conjugated monoclonal antibodies were used: CD16, PE-Cyanine7 (Invitrogen, USA); CD11b-FITC (Beckman Coulter, USA); CD62L-PE (Beckman Coulter, USA); and CD184 (CXCR4)-PE-CF594 (BD Biosciences, USA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following the correlation analysis, the TG level directly correlated with the number of circulating leukocytes (<i>r</i> = 0.443; <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and neutrophils (<i>r</i> = 0.311; <i>p</i>=0.008). HTG patients displayed a significantly high number of circulating neutrophils with CD16^hiCD11b^hiCD62L^hi and CD16^hiCD11b^loCD62L^br phenotypes. TG levels directly correlated with the number of circulating neutrophils having CD16^hiCD11b^hiCD62L^hi and CD16^hiCD11b^loCD62L^br phenotypes. Following the linear regression analysis, statistically significant correlations between TG levels and neutrophil subpopulations having CD16^hiCD11b^loCD62L^br and CD16^hiCD11b^brCD62L^loCXCR4^hi phenotypes were established. Changes in TG levels could explain up to 19.1% of the variability in the number of studied neutrophil subpopulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among middle-aged patients without established ASCVDs, patients with HTG demonstrated a significantly higher overall number of neutrophils and neutrophils having CD16^hiCD11b^hiCD62L^hi (mature neutrophils) and CD16^hiCD11b^loCD62L^br (immunosuppressive neutrophils) than patients with normal TG levels. The TG level was associated with an increase in the number of CD16^hiCD11b^loCD62L^br and CD16^hiCD11b^brCD62L^loCXCR4^hi (ageing neutrophils) neutrophils, adjusted for the sex and age of the patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6695468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8175187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39240229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ozonated <i>Aloe vera</i> Oil Effective Increased the Number of Fibroblasts and Collagen Thickening in the Healing Response of Full-Thickness Skin Defects.","authors":"Ahsanu Taqwim Hidayat,&nbsp;Muhamad Thohar Arifin,&nbsp;Muhammad Nur,&nbsp;Muflihatul Muniroh,&nbsp;Neni Susilaningsih","doi":"10.1155/2021/6654343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6654343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of ozonated <i>Aloe vera</i> oil on the wound healing response of full-thickness defect tissue in Sprague-Dawley rats, assessed by collagen thickness and the number of fibroblasts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an experimental research method using control groups and treatment groups with a posttest only control group design. The results showed that collagen thickness in wounds tended to increase, assessed on day 3 and day 7 using Masson's trichrome staining and microscopic evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts between the two control and treatment groups on days 3 and 7 tested using one-way Kruskal-Wallis test, with a value of <i>p</i>=0.001(<i>p</i> < 0.05), resulting in a significant difference in wound size reduction between the groups. Further post hoc analysis using the Mann-Whitney test indicated a significant difference between the control groups and the treatment groups (P0, P1 versus P3, P4, P5, P8, P9, and P10) with a value of <i>p</i>=0.009(<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ozonated <i>Aloe vera</i> oil is effective in increasing the healing response of full-thickness defects, leading to the increase in the number of fibroblasts and collagen thickening that in turn accelerates wound healing in Sprague-Dawley rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6654343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7886587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25402859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Various Forms of Tuberculosis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Treated with Biological Agents.","authors":"Adam Krusiński,&nbsp;Anna Grzywa-Celińska,&nbsp;Katarzyna Szewczyk,&nbsp;Luiza Grzycka-Kowalczyk,&nbsp;Justyna Emeryk-Maksymiuk,&nbsp;Janusz Milanowski","doi":"10.1155/2021/6284987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6284987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although there are undeniable advantages of treatment of the inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis, with biological agents, the increased susceptibility to tuberculosis should not be ignored. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex</i> which includes <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, <i>M. bovis</i>, and <i>M. africanum</i>. Primary tuberculosis is uncommon in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease: reactivation of latent tuberculosis is of greater concern. Consequently, latent infection should be excluded in patients who qualify for immunosuppressive treatments. Apart from the review of the literature, this article also presents three cases of different patterns of tuberculosis that occurred during treatment with infliximab, adalimumab, or vedolizumab. The first case reports a case of tuberculosis presenting as right middle lobe pneumonia. The second case featured miliary tuberculosis of the lungs with involvement of the mediastinal lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. The third patient developed a tuberculoma of the right parietal lobe and tuberculous meningitis. It is important to reiterate that every patient qualifying for a biologic agent should undergo testing to accurately identify latent tuberculosis, as well as precise monitoring for the possible development of one of the various forms or patterns of tuberculosis during treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2021 ","pages":"6284987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7803420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38854210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Spondyloarthritis.","authors":"Janisleya Silva Ferreira Neves,&nbsp;Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer,&nbsp;Denise Manjurma da Silva Reis,&nbsp;Marco Antonio Rocha Loures,&nbsp;Hugo Vicentin Alves,&nbsp;Fernanda Formaggi Lara-Armi,&nbsp;Josiane Bazzo de Alencar,&nbsp;Joana Maira Valentin Zacarias,&nbsp;Ana Maria Sell","doi":"10.1155/2020/8880879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8880879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease related to low bone mineral density. Because vitamin D plays an important role in bone metabolism and immune system modulation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor genes (<i>VDR</i>) in the development of SpA. In this case-control study, a total of 244 patients with SpA and 197 individuals with no SpA were included. Among the patients, 174 had ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 66 had psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Genotyping of <i>Fok</i>I (rs2228570 C > T), <i>Bsm</i>I (rs1544410 C > T), <i>Apa</i>I (rs7975232 A > C), and <i>Taq</i>I (rs731236 T > C) was performed using PCR-RFLP, while genotyping of <i>HLA-B∗27</i> was performed using PCR-SSP. Serum levels for hydroxy (OH) vitamin D and the clinical activity index of the disease (BASDAI) were also evaluated. SNPStats and OpenEpi software were used for statistical analysis. The <i>Apa</i>I <i>a</i> allele and <i>Apa</i>I <i>a/a</i> genotype were less frequent in PsA compared with controls. The <i>Apa</i>I <i>a/a</i> genotype was associated with a protecting factor for PsA in females, and <i>Apa</i>I <i>A/a</i> was associated with a protecting factor for the disease in <i>HLA-B∗27</i> positive patients. Notwithstanding, the <i>Apa</i>I <i>a/a</i> genotype was a risk factor for SpA and AS in males. The <i>Fok</i>I <i>f/f</i> genotype was associated with a better clinical activity in PsA. When considering the covariates, vitamin D sufficiency, and gender, the <i>Fok</i>I <i>F/F</i> genotype was associated with a risk factor in males with SpA and AS compared with females with this same genotype. In conclusion, the <i>Apa</i>I rs7975232 polymorphism was associated with PsA, and the <i>Fok</i>I rs2228570 polymorphism was associated with better clinical PsA activity. <i>Apa</i>I and <i>Fok</i>I were associated with SpA and AS when considering gender and vitamin D sufficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8880879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8880879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38762624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"EOLA1 Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression by Association with MT2A in ECV304 Cells\".","authors":"Weiling Leng,&nbsp;Xiaotian Lei,&nbsp;Hao Meng,&nbsp;Xinshou Ouyang,&nbsp;Ziwen Liang","doi":"10.1155/2020/3503814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3503814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2015/301562.].</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2020 ","pages":"3503814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/3503814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38496371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory Serum Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer in Kazakhstan Population.","authors":"L Akhmaltdinova,&nbsp;V Sirota,&nbsp;V Zhumaliyeva,&nbsp;D Babenko,&nbsp;I Kadyrova,&nbsp;Z Tauesheva,&nbsp;D Taizhanova,&nbsp;A Ibraeva,&nbsp;M Maratkyzy,&nbsp;A Turmukhambetova","doi":"10.1155/2020/9476326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9476326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer is a type of oncopathology widespread in Kazakhstan. The genetic component, as well as the possible etiopathogenetic mechanisms, is widely studied. One of the most promising areas is the study of diagnostic and prognostic possibilities of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with different degrees of tumor differentiation. The following biomarkers were included in the study panel: stem cell factor (SCF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 8 (IL8), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), soluble Fas (SFAS), soluble Fas ligand (sFASL), transforming growth factor <i>β</i> (TGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The data of our study show that most of the basic proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the systemic process and their levels do not depend on the level of tissue differentiation. Serum PD-L1 has shown itself to be a promising marker for tumor growth, which depends on the degree of differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2020 ","pages":"9476326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/9476326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38411517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}