International Journal of Inflammation最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Lithium on Inflammation-Associated Genes in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Raw 264.7 Macrophages.","authors":"Raymond T Makola, Vusi G Mbazima, Matlou P Mokgotho, Vincent S Gallicchio, Thabe M Matsebatlela","doi":"10.1155/2020/8340195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8340195","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium remains the preferred Food and Drug Administration- (FDA-) approved psychiatric drug for treatment of bipolar disorders since its medical establishment more than half a century ago. Recent studies revealed a promising role for lithium in the regulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration albeit unclear about its exact mode of action. Thus, the intention of this study is to delineate the regulatory mechanisms of lithium on oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) activated macrophages by evaluating its effects on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and mRNA expression of multiple oxidative stress-related NF-κB genes. Raw 264.7 macrophages were treated with up to 10 mM lithium, and no change in cell proliferation, viability, growth, and cell adhesion was observed in real time. Pretreatment with low doses of lithium was shown to reduce nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-activated macrophages. A reduced internal H2DCFDA fluorescence intensity, indicative of reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, was observed in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 macrophages treated with lithium. Lithium has been shown to lower the production of the chemokine RANTES; furthermore, this inhibitory action of lithium has been suggested to be independent of glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3β) activity. It is shown here that lithium modulates the expression of several inflammatory genes including IκB-α, TRAF3, Tollip, and NF-κB1/p50 which are regulators of the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, lithium inhibits NF-κB activity by lowering nuclear translocation of NF-κB in LPS-activated macrophages. This is the first study to associate Tollip, Traf-3, and IκB-α mRNA expression with lithium effect on NF-κB activity in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 macrophages. Although these effects were obtained using extratherapeutic concentrations of lithium, results of this study provide useful information towards understanding the mode of action of lithium. This study associates lithium with reduced oxidative stress in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 macrophages and further suggests candidate molecular targets for the regulation of oxidative stress-related diseases using lithium beyond bipolar disorders.","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8340195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8340195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38246898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients Treated with Concurrent Radiotherapy and Temozolomide.","authors":"Erkan Topkan,&nbsp;Ali A Besen,&nbsp;Huseyin Mertsoylu,&nbsp;Ahmet Kucuk,&nbsp;Berrin Pehlivan,&nbsp;Ugur Selek","doi":"10.1155/2020/6947382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6947382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated the prognostic impact of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CRP/Alb) on the survival outcomes of newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) and concurrent plus adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pretreatment CRP and Alb records of GBM patients who underwent RT and concurrent plus adjuvant TMZ were retrospectively analyzed. The CRP/Alb was calculated by dividing serum CRP level by serum Alb level obtained prior to RT. The availability of significant cutoff value for CRP/Alb that interacts with survival was assessed with the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The primary endpoint was the association between the CRP/Alb and the overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 153 patients were analyzed. At a median follow-up of 14.7 months, median and 5-year OS rates were 16.2 months (95% CI: 12.5-19.7) and 9.5%, respectively, for the entire cohort. The ROC curve analysis identified a significant cutoff value at 0.75 point (area under the curve: 74.9%; sensitivity: 70.9%; specificity: 67.7%; <i>P</i> < 0.001) for CRP/Alb that interacts with OS and grouped the patients into two: CRP/Alb <0.75 (<i>n</i> = 61) and ≥0.75 (<i>n</i> = 92), respectively. Survival comparisons revealed that the CRP/Alb <0.75 was associated with a significantly superior median (22.5 versus 15.7 months; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and 5-year (20% versus 0%) rates than the CRP/Alb ≥0.75, which retained its independent significance in multivariate analysis (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Present results suggested the pretreatment CRP/Alb as a significant and independent inflammation-based index which can be utilized for further prognostic lamination of GBM patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2020 ","pages":"6947382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/6947382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38068233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Albumin Infusion on Serum Levels of Albumin, Proinflammatory Cytokines (TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1, and IL-6), CRP, and MMP-8; Tissue Expression of EGRF, ERK1, ERK2, TGF-<i>β</i>, Collagen, and MMP-8; and Wound Healing in Sprague Dawley Rats.","authors":"Arie Utariani,&nbsp;Eddy Rahardjo,&nbsp;David S Perdanakusuma","doi":"10.1155/2020/3254017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3254017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we sought to determine the roles of albumin in wound healing, which is infused both pre- and postoperatively in malnourished patients presenting with hypoalbuminemia. For the purposes of the study, we used 25 male Sprague Dawley rats of predetermined weight and age, which were initially maintained in a standard environment and fed the same diet for 7 days prior to being segregated into one of the following five groups: A, control, normal protein feed (20% casein); B, hypoalbuminemia, 25% rat albumin infusion prior to surgery; C, hypoalbuminemia, normal protein feed (20% casein); D, hypoalbuminemia, 25% rat albumin infusion after surgery; and E, hypoalbuminemia, low-protein feed (casein 2%). The animals in all five groups were subjected to four deep incisions in their dorsal muscle fascia. On days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after surgery, ELISA was used to determine serum levels of TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1, IL-6, CRP, and MMP-8, whereas immunohistochemistry was used to determine the tissue expression of EGFR, ERK1, ERK2, TGF-<i>β</i>, collagen, and MMP-8. Significant reductions in serum levels of TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1, and CRP were detected in the groups receiving albumin infusion and the high-casein diet (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The administration of albumin and a high-casein diet also increased the tissue expression of EGFR, ERK1, ERK2, TGF-<i>β</i>, and collagen and decreased that of MMP-8 relative to the hypoalbuminemia control (<i>P</i> < 0.05). We propose that the administration of albumin promoted NF-<i>κ</i>B signaling which, in turn, induced the transduction and transcription of factors involved in wound healing. Albumin infusion and dietary proteins play vital roles in accelerating the wound healing process, as they can contribute to correcting the hypoalbuminemic state. These findings provide insights that will contribute to our understanding of wound healing, particularly in malnourished patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2020 ","pages":"3254017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/3254017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38027461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Inflammatory Markers in Patients Undergoing a Short-Term Aerobic Exercise Program while Hospitalized due to Acute Exacerbation of COPD.","authors":"Caroline Knaut,&nbsp;Carolina Bonfanti Mesquita,&nbsp;Victor Zuniga Dourado,&nbsp;Irma de Godoy,&nbsp;Suzana E Tanni","doi":"10.1155/2020/6492720","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2020/6492720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute exacerbation is an important factor for a worse prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It promotes the increase of the inflammatory process and worsens quality of life, lung function, and muscle weakness. It is believed that physical exercise performed during the exacerbation breaks the vicious cycle of systemic manifestations without an increase in the inflammatory process.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the influence of short-term aerobic physical exercise during hospitalization on inflammatory markers. <i>Patients and Methods</i>. 26 patients were evaluated (69.2% female, FEV 137.5 ± 12.9%, and age 68.4 ± 11.6 years) 24 hours after hospitalization for smoking history, Charlson index, quality of life, systemic inflammatory markers, and body composition. After 48 hours of hospitalization, all patients underwent a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and a new spirometry test, and BODE index was calculated. After 72 hours of hospitalization, patients in the intervention group underwent aerobic exercise on a treadmill for 15 minutes twice daily; before and after the aerobic exercise, blood samples were collected for evaluation of inflammatory markers. Finally, a month after hospital discharge, all patients were reevaluated according to systemic inflammatory markers, quality of life, body composition, spirometry, 6MWT, and BODE index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients of both groups did not differ in severity of disease and general characteristics. The intervention group did not show worsening in the inflammatory process after aerobic activity: TNF-<i>α</i> from 1.19 (0 99-1.71) to 1.21 (0.77-1.53) (<i>p</i> = 0.58), IL-6 from 2.41 (2.02-0.58) to 2.66 (1.69-0.48) (<i>p</i> = 0.21), and CRP from 3.88 (2.26-8.04) to 4.07 (2.65-13.3) (<i>p</i> = 0.56). There was a negative correlation between the IL-6 marker and the 6MWT; that is, with the reduction in inflammatory levels, there was an improvement in exercise capacity one month after hospital discharge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study showed that the aerobic physical activity initiated during hospitalization in patients with exacerbated COPD did not worsen the inflammatory process.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2020 ","pages":"6492720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/6492720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37937357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JNK Signaling Pathway Suppresses LPS-Mediated Apoptosis of HK-2 Cells by Upregulating NGAL.","authors":"Mei Han,&nbsp;Yuxia Pan,&nbsp;Mengying Gao,&nbsp;Junli Zhang,&nbsp;Fan Wang","doi":"10.1155/2020/3980507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3980507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway in upregulated NGAL expression and its antiapoptotic mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated renal tubular epithelial cell injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vitro, HK-2 cells were divided into five groups (Con, LPS 1 h, LPS 3 h, LPS 6 h, and LPS 12 h groups) based on the time of LPS (10 <i>μ</i>M) treatment. NGAL and caspase-3 gene expression levels were detected by RT-PCR to assess dynamic changes. HK-2 cells were pretreated with SP600125 (20 <i>μ</i>M) for 2 hours, followed by LPS (10 <i>μ</i>M) stimulation for 3 hours. NGAL and caspase-3 gene expression levels were then determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NGAL mRNA was increased significantly within 6 hours, and caspase-3 mRNA was increased within 3 hours after treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed a high correlation between their expression (<i>r</i> = 0.448, <i>P</i> < 0.05). After pretreatment with SP600125, mRNA expression of NGAL in the LPS group was inhibited, while that of caspase-3 was increased significantly. The NGAL mRNA expression level in the SB + LPS group was decreased significantly compared with that in the LPS group, but it was slightly higher than that in the SP group (∼1.5 times of that in the Con group). However, caspase-3 mRNA expression was increased significantly in the SB + LPS group (<i>P</i> < 0.001) (3.5 times of that in the Con group). It also showed a significant increase compared with SP and LPS groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001 vs. SB group; <i>P</i> < 0.05 vs. LPS group). We also found that NGAL and caspase 3 proteins were increased significantly in LPS and SP + LPS groups, but SP600125 decreased the NGAL level by almost 35% and increased the caspase 3 level by 50% in the SP + LPS group compared with the LPS group (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The JNK signaling pathway inhibits LPS-mediated apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by upregulating NGAL.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2020 ","pages":"3980507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/3980507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37906109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines in <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i>-Induced Inflammation in HaCaT Cells by Using <i>Buddleja davidii</i> Aqueous Extract.","authors":"Anh Thu Nguyen,&nbsp;Ki-Young Kim","doi":"10.1155/2020/8063289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8063289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acne is an inflammatory skin disorder; although some anti-inflammatory medicines for treating acne are available in a market, they have considerable side effects; therefore, new treatment options are needed. In the present study, among the 16 aqueous extracts of plants collected from Jeju Island in Korea which are used to test anti-inflammatory activity, <i>B. davidii</i> showed the strong decline of the proinflammatory cytokine expression against the inflammatory process caused by <i>C. acnes</i> in Human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. <i>B. davidii</i> downregulated the expression of 57% of COX-2, 41% of iNOS, and proinflammatory cytokines 29% of TNF-<i>α</i>, 32% of IL-1<i>β</i>, 21% of IL-6, and 35% of IL-8. Furthermore, <i>B. davidii</i> inhibited NF-<i>κ</i>B and MAPK signaling cascades in keratinocytes that activated by toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) in response to <i>C. acnes</i>. Given those results, <i>B. davidii</i> is a potential agent to reduce the proinflammatory cytokine expression against <i>C. acnes</i>-induced inflammation and might provide an alternative to the current medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8063289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8063289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37906110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Effects of the Combination of Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA) and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity.","authors":"Eman Aly Khalifa,&nbsp;Ahmed Nabil Ahmed,&nbsp;Khalid Shaaban Hashem,&nbsp;Ahmad Gad Allah","doi":"10.1155/2020/5369797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5369797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nephrotoxicity of cisplatin has been recognized since its introduction more than 25 years ago. However, despite intense efforts to develop less toxic and equally effective alternatives, cisplatin continues to be widely prescribed. <i>Aim and Objectives</i>. The study is aimed at assessing the possible prophylactic effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) (separately or in combination) on experimentally cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. <i>Subjects and Methods</i>. An experimental study was performed on adult male albino rats (<i>n</i> = 40), weighing 200-250 g. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: group I (normal saline control), group II (cisplatin control), group III (CoQ10 and cisplatin), group IV (ALA and cisplatin), and group V (CoQ10, ALA, and cisplatin). CoQ10 and/or ALA were given as pretreatment for 9 days, followed by cisplatin injection in the 10th day of the study, followed by a short posttreatment course for 3 days. Renal functions, tissue antioxidant activity, and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor, TNF) were estimated along with histopathological study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Renal function tests and urinary proteins were significantly higher within group II compared with other groups (<i>P</i> value <0.001). Creatinine clearance was significantly higher with combination therapy (group V compared to other groups). Both TNF and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly higher within group II whereas GSH content, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly lower in group II. MDA level was significantly lower when combination therapy was used. Marked renal damage was histologically detected in the cisplatin group, whereas the least renal damage was noticed in the combination group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study confirmed the role of antioxidants in preventing nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin; the prophylactic effect of combined therapy with CoQ10 and ALA is superior to that of monotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2020 ","pages":"5369797"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/5369797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37867176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methylation Pattern of the SOCS3 and IL6R Promoters in Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Marek Cieśla,&nbsp;Bogdan Kolarz,&nbsp;Maria Majdan,&nbsp;Dorota Darmochwał-Kolarz","doi":"10.1155/2020/8394659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8394659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an essential function in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), mainly through its proinflammatory effect, which may lead to joint destruction. The genes encoding IL-6 receptor (<i>IL6R</i>) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (<i>SOCS3</i>) play a key role in the IL-6 signaling pathway, but their epigenetic regulation remains unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate how the presence of methylation in the <i>SOCS3</i> and <i>IL6R</i> promoters is associated with the morbidity and severity of RA. A total of 146 unrelated individuals, 122 with RA and 24 healthy controls, were enrolled in the study. All subjects were genotyped with regard to the rs4969168 and rs4969170 polymorphisms in the <i>SOCS3</i> gene and the rs2228145 and rs4129267 polymorphisms in <i>IL6R</i>. The methylation study included 52 patients with RA and 24 healthy controls. Qualitative real-time methylation-specific PCR was used to evaluate methylation status. We found no differences between patients and healthy controls in the methylation pattern in the <i>IL6R</i> and <i>SOCS3</i> promoter regions and in variants frequency. The methylation profiles of the <i>SOCS3</i> and <i>IL6R</i> promoters do not support the hypothesis that the genes <i>SOCS3</i> and <i>IL6R</i> involved in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway are epigenetically deregulated in whole blood.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2020 ","pages":"8394659"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/8394659","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37835720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caveolin-1 Scaffolding Domain Peptide Regulates Colon Endothelial Cell Survival through JNK Pathway.","authors":"Kai Fang,&nbsp;Christopher G Kevil","doi":"10.1155/2020/6150942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6150942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been reported that pathological angiogenesis contributes to both experimental colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Recently, we demonstrated that endothelial caveolin-1 plays a key role in the pathological angiogenesis of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. However, the molecular mechanism of caveolin-1 regulation of endothelial function is unknown. In this study, we examined how the antennapedia- (AP-) conjugated caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (AP-Cav) modulates vascular endothelial growth factor- (VEGF-) dependent colon endothelial cell angiogenic responses, as seen during colitis. We used mouse colon endothelial cells and found that AP-Cav significantly inhibited VEGF-mediated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into colon microvascular endothelial cells. AP-Cav significantly blunted VEGF-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation at 10 minutes and 2 hours after stimulation, compared with the AP control peptide. AP-Cav + VEGF-A treatment also significantly increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation at 2 hours. AP-Cav + VEGF-A treatment significantly downregulated retinoblastoma (Rb) protein levels, upregulated cleaved caspase-3 protein levels at 4 hours, and induced apoptosis. Thus, our study suggests that disruption of endothelial caveolin-1 function via the AP-Cav diverts VEGF signaling responses away from endothelial cell proliferation and toward apoptosis through the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling and the induction of JNK-associated apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"2020 ","pages":"6150942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2020/6150942","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39811341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Submucosal Injection of Plasma-Rich Platelets on Blood Inflammatory Markers for Patients with Bimaxillary Protrusion Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment","authors":"Trefa Mohammed Ali Mahmood, O. F. Chawshli","doi":"10.1155/2019/6715871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6715871","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives The present study aims to reveal the systemic effects of submucosal injection of plasma-rich platelets (PRP) on blood inflammatory markers which was used in an attempt to reduce the retraction time of the upper canine following extraction of upper maxillary premolars for patients with bimaxillary protrusion. Hypothesis No change on comparing the values of blood inflammatory markers before and after submucosal injection of PRP. Methods Eighteen female patients with bimaxillary protusion were selected from patients seeking orthodontic treatment from the College of Dentistry/University of Sulaimai, whose maxillary and mandibular first premolars were decided to be extracted after proper diagnosis. Thirty-three blood markers (twenty hematological and thirteen biochemical markers) were estimated before orthodontic bracketing, 24 hours and 7 days following submucosal injection of PRP (5 cc) to reveal the systematic effect of PRP on blood inflammatory markers that were used in an attempt to reduce the retraction time of the upper canine following extraction of upper maxillary premolars for patients with bimaxillary protrusion. Results The results indicate nonsignificant differences in the values of all blood markers except for gamma GT (GGT), PDWa, serum albumin, serum total protein, and total calcium. Gamma level significantly increased for both test intervals. On the other hand, there was a significant drop in the value of PDWa while for alkaline phosphatase, there was a drop within the first 24 hr of PRP injection while after 7 days the value was significantly increased. On the other hand, there was a drop in the level of serum albumin, while there was an increase in the serum total protein and total calcium. Conclusion Submucosal injection of PRP could lead to systematic alteration of blood parameters including ALK phosphatase, gamma GT, serum albumin, and serum total protein, which may be related to liver function in addition to increase in the level of PDWa and serum calcium. We present evidence that PRP contains and may trigger systemic effect. Thus, further investigation is recommended to follow up the patient for a longer period of time and on a larger sample. This trial is registered with U1111-1221-8829 by Sri Lanka Clinical Trial Registry, SLCTR/2018/040, and No. 64 on 6th August 2018 at the local clinical studies database, College of Dentistry.","PeriodicalId":14004,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Inflammation","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90102762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}