International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"The Modulatory Effects of <i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i> on Metabolic Parameters, Expression of Diabetes- and Inflammation-Related Genes and Gut Microbiota Composition in a Male Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Farzaneh Hasanian-Langroudi, Mehdi Hedayati, Asghar Ghasemi, Seyed Davar Siadat, Maryam Tohidi","doi":"10.5812/ijem-168629","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-168629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent disorder with significant complications and mortality. Gut microbiota plays a role in metabolic homeostasis, and dysbiosis may contribute to inflammation and insulin resistance (IR).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effect of <i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i> on glycemic and IR markers, lipid profiles, and the expression of diabetes- and inflammation-related genes, as well as the abundance of targeted gut microbiota in a rat model of T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to normal control groups or a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced T2DM group. Each group received 5-week oral <i>B. thetaiotaomicron</i> (1×10⁹ CFU/mL) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Anthropometric and metabolic measures were compared pre- and post-intervention. Expression of diabetes-related genes (PI3K, Akt) in the liver, inflammation-related genes (IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-4) in the colon, cannabinoid receptors (CB1, CB2) in both tissues, and changes in gut microbiota composition were evaluated using quantitative PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the T2DM-PBS group, administration of <i>B. thetaiotaomicron</i> to T2DM rats led to significant reductions in body weight (BW) (8%), Body Mass Index (BMI) (21%), Lee index (10%), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (16%), insulin (46%), homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) (56%), triglycerides (TG) (34%), total cholesterol (TC) (29%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (25%) (all P ≤ 0.012). This intervention was associated with reduced expression of CB1 (1.81-fold) and increased expression of PI3K (4.91-fold), Akt (3.55-fold), and CB2 (2.26-fold) (all P < 0.0001). Furthermore, expression of IL-1β (1.76-fold), IL-6 (2.10-fold), and CB1 (1.64-fold) was significantly down-regulated, whereas expression of other inflammation-related genes including IL-4 (2.43-fold), CB2 (1.47-fold), and IL-10 (4.6-fold) was up-regulated (all P ≤ 0.0009). Moreover, significant changes in targeted gut microbiota were observed (a reduction in the abundance of Bacillota and Actinomycetota and an increase in Bacteroidota, <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i>, <i>B. thetaiotaomicron</i>, and <i>Clostridium</i> cluster IV).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i> improved anthropometric measures, glycemic indices, IR, lipid profiles, and regulated the expression of diabetes- and inflammation-related genes, along with modification of gut microbiota composition in a T2DM rat model.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"23 4","pages":"e168629"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12915503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146226764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Treatment in Iran: A National Study.","authors":"Sepideh Hajivalizadeh, Mahnaz Sanjari, Kazem Khalagi, Mohammad Javad Mansourzadeh, Saeed Shahsavari, Amirhossein Aghakhani, Mohammad Effatpanah, Zahra Shahali, Fatemeh Hajivalizadeh, Pardis Zarepour, Parastoo Montazerlotf, Elahe Hesari, Noushin Fahimfar, Afshin Ostovar","doi":"10.5812/ijem-165816","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-165816","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the management of non-communicable diseases, including osteoporosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment in Iran.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This cross-sectional study evaluated changes in the number of prescriptions for osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment before and during the COVID-19 pandemic from all available and complete data. Data on the number of prescriptions for bone mineral density (BMD) tests, osteoporosis-related lab tests (serum vitamin D level and serum calcium level), and medications (alendronate and calcitonin) were obtained from the Iran Health Insurance Organization (IHIO) dataset from March 2019 to March 2022. Additionally, the University of Sheffield provided the number of fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt;) used with the internet protocol (IP) addresses of Iran from 2019 to 2023. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and the interrupted time series analysis utilizing STATA. This research was carried out with the support of the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, under project code 1400-02-103-1177.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total number of 4,901,027 prescriptions composed of 62,718 prescriptions for BMD tests, 2,862,871 prescriptions for serum vitamin D level tests, and 1,952,600 prescriptions for serum calcium level tests regarding diagnosis, and a total number of 446,791 prescriptions, including 388,519 alendronate and 58,272 calcitonin prescriptions regarding treatment, were evaluated. A statistically significant decrease in the number of prescriptions for BMD test and FRAX&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; usage, with regression coefficients of -2583.3 and -410.5, respectively, was demonstrated. A significant and nonsignificant increase, with regression coefficients of 71579.4 and 814.1 regarding the number of prescriptions for serum vitamin D and serum calcium tests, respectively, was highlighted. A statistically significant decrease in the number of prescriptions for alendronate and calcitonin, with regression coefficients of -9592.0 and -2272.3, respectively, was noted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The present study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. However, it was limited by the lack of data on prescriptions for other osteoporosis medications and diagnostic tests, the lack of access to the data on prescriptions for people whose costs are not covered by the IHIO, and the restricted data access regarding the presented data. The findings are based on prescription-level data in Iran and primarily reflect practice within this healthcare context; therefore, caution is required when generalizing to settings with different healthcare systems or population structures. Fur","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"23 4","pages":"e165816"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12915347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146226788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediabetes in Transition: Insights from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.","authors":"Zahra Bahadoran, Farhad Hosseinpanah","doi":"10.5812/ijem-166455","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-166455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Prediabetes (Pre-DM) is an intermediate state between normoglycemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D), encompassing heterogeneous phenotypes, including isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (iIGT), and combined iIFG-impaired glucose tolerance (IFG-IGT). This review aimed to synthesize evidence from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) on modifiable and non-modifiable determinants of Pre-DM transition.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>Relevant TLGS publications were identified through PubMed and Scopus up to September 2025 using keywords including \"prediabetes,\" \"impaired fasting glucose,\" \"impaired glucose tolerance,\" \"diabetes,\" \"regression,\" \"progression,\" \"determinants,\" and \"Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.\" Eligible studies included prospective analyses of Pre-DM regression and progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evidence from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study indicates that both non-modifiable and modifiable factors influence the Pre-DM transition. Regression to normoglycemia (NGR) was associated with younger age, lower fasting glucose, higher physical activity, and adherence to healthy diets, whereas progression to T2D was associated with obesity, central adiposity, the combined IFG-IGT phenotype, and unhealthy dietary patterns. Specifically, high adherence to the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), higher intakes of low-fat dairy, certain minerals, and coffee facilitate regression to NGR, while Western-style diets increase the risk of progression to T2D. Across the phenotypes, regression to NGR was most likely in individuals with IGT, particularly those with ≥ 5% weight loss and adherence to healthy dietary patterns. Combined IFG-IGT benefited from high adherence to the AHEI. The iIFG phenotype appears particularly susceptible to excessive exposure to nitrate/nitrite, zinc, and diets high in cholesterol, saturated, and trans fats, which may attenuate reversion to NGR and facilitate progression to T2D.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings from the TLGS cohort show that healthy lifestyle factors favor regression to NGR, whereas obesity and poor dietary habits accelerate progression to T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"23 4","pages":"e166455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12915364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146226792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-Based Diets and Cardiometabolic Diseases in a Cohort of Iranian Adults: A Systematic Review of Evidence from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.","authors":"Nazanin Moslehi, Mahdieh Golzarand, Parvin Mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi","doi":"10.5812/ijem-167232","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-167232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although numerous studies have demonstrated that plant-based diets can reduce the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, their applicability and health benefits within Iran remain unconfirmed.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review aimed to clarify the findings from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) regarding the benefits of these recommended diets against cardiometabolic diseases in the Iranian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus until September 2025. Studies that assessed the association between plant-based diets, including the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND), Nordic, and Portfolio diets, and cardiometabolic diseases [i.e., cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)] or their risk factors [i.e., overweight/obesity, hyperglycemia or insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, and hypertension (HTN)] within the TLGS framework were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 1,293 articles, 13 studies were included. Nine studies were identified on the MeDi score and cardiometabolic diseases; most found no significant associations. Five studies were conducted on the DASH score, which revealed an inverse association with risk of IR but no other outcomes. Two studies assessed the link between the MIND and Nordic diets and CVD with protective associations. There was one study on the Portfolio diet that showed no association with T2DM risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the TLGS, the MeDi and DASH diet scores have been studied more than other plant-based diets, yet most findings show no beneficial association with cardiometabolic diseases. Conversely, recent findings regarding the MIND and Nordic diets indicate a significant inverse association with CVD incidence. Given the scarcity of research in this area, further investigation into plant-based diets and cardiometabolic health within the TLGS is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"23 4","pages":"e167232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12915353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146226733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient Air Pollution and Cardiometabolic Health in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study: A Scoping Review of Two Decades of Evidence.","authors":"Amir Hossein Hasanpour, Mohammad Javad Mansourzadeh, Alireza Khajavi, Fereidoun Azizi, Farzad Hadaegh","doi":"10.5812/ijem-166630","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-166630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>This scoping review investigates the association between ambient air pollution and cardiometabolic outcomes using data from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), a population-based cohort initiated in 1999.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>Five TLGS studies were included, each examining associations between ambient air pollutants and cardiometabolic outcomes such as hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia, diabetes, cardiovascular morbidity, and mortality. Due to overlapping populations but differing outcome measures across studies, a meta-analysis was not feasible. Instead, a narrative synthesis was conducted, with results organized into a comparative matrix to facilitate cross-study evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings reveal heterogeneous effects of ambient air pollutants on cardiometabolic health across both short- and long-term pathways. Short-term exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and particulate matter ≤ 10 µm in diameter (PM₁₀) were linked to higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), while sulfur dioxide (SO₂) was associated with elevated diastolic pressure. For lipid parameters, carbon monoxide (CO) and SO₂ corresponded with higher total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels. Cardiovascular outcomes also worsened, as increases in the Air Quality Index (AQI), PM₁₀, SO₂, and CO were associated with higher risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalization and mortality. Long-term exposures to ozone (O₃), PM₁₀, and SO₂ predicted incident HTN (strongest for PM₁₀), while CO was associated with elevated TC, TG, and adverse dyslipidemia phenotypes but not high LDL-C. Sulfur dioxide, O₃, and PM₁₀ also increased risks of dysglycemia, though no consistent associations with type 2 diabetes incidence or long-term mortality were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review underscores the substantial influence of ambient air pollution on metabolic and cardiovascular health in Tehran. Short-term exposure to pollutants such as PM₁₀, SO₂, and CO is associated, either immediately or with lagged effects, with increased blood pressure, adverse lipid changes, and heightened cardiovascular risk, while long-term exposure to PM₁₀ and SO₂ exacerbates HTN and impairs glucose metabolism. These findings highlight the need for stricter air quality regulations and further investigation into the cumulative, long-term effects of air pollution in the metropolitan city of Tehran.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"23 4","pages":"e166630"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12915351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146226806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex- and Dose-Dependent Effect of L-Citrulline on Body Weight and Food Intake in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats.","authors":"Fatemeh Bagheripour, Sajad Jeddi, Asghar Ghasemi","doi":"10.5812/ijem-162367","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-162367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with nitric oxide (NO) deficiency. L-citrulline (Cit), a substrate for NO synthesis, has been suggested as a treatment for obesity and T2D.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to determine the effects of Cit on body weight, food intake, and water consumption in obese T2D male and female rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The T2D was induced using a high-fat diet (HFD) and a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ). Obese male (n = 30) and female (n = 30) rats with T2D were divided into five groups (n = 6/group) that received Cit (0, 1, 4, 7, and 10 g/L in drinking water for 8 weeks). Body weight, food intake, and water consumption were measured every week. Serum Cit and nitrite+nitrate (NOx) concentrations were measured at weeks 0, 4, and 8, and serum fasting glucose was measured at week 8.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to non-treated T2D rats, Cit-treated male rats had lower body weight (11.3%, 13.0%, and 11.6% at doses of 4, 7, and 10 g/L), lower food intake (4.7% and 5.5% at doses of 4 and 7 g/L), and water consumption (7% at dose 7 g/L). In female rats, Cit decreased body weight (7.2%, 8%, and 7.3% at doses of 4, 7, and 10 g/L), food intake (4.0% and 5.0% at doses of 4 and 7 g/L), and water consumption (5% and 6.6% at doses of 4 and 7 g/L; all P < 0.001). The body weight and food intake-lowering effects of Cit were higher in T2D male rats than females (all P < 0.05), but decreased water consumption was comparable between sexes. A Cit dose of 7 g/L was most effective in reducing all measured parameters in both sexes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Cit decreased body weight, food intake, and water consumption in obese T2D male and female rats. These effects were sex- and dose-dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"23 3","pages":"e162367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12606883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145512671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyendocrine Abnormalities Are a Common Phenotypic Feature of the m.3243A>G Variant.","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.5812/ijem-165051","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-165051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"23 3","pages":"e165051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12523739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145307846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Community Readiness for Childhood Obesity Prevention: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.","authors":"Mahdieh Niknam, Azin Zolfagharypoor, Mohammad Masih Mansouri-Tehrani, Parisa Amiri, Proushat Shirvani, Nasrin Omidvar","doi":"10.5812/ijem-161812","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-161812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The community readiness (CR) level is a critical factor affecting the success and sustainability of prevention programs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study systematically reviews research utilizing the community readiness model (CRM) to assess CR for childhood obesity prevention programs, identifying readiness levels and summarizing their characteristics and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive electronic and manual search was performed across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Pub Psych, ERIC, ProQuest, and CINAHL, as well as two key journals: Preventing chronic disease and health education and behavior. The search adhered to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies evaluating CR for obesity prevention in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years were included, with no restrictions based on gender, race, ethnicity, or language. Three reviewers conducted data extraction and assessed the risk of bias using two appraisal forms from the Joanna Briggs Institute.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 27 studies were included, with 24 conducted in high-income countries. Readiness levels across studies ranged from the first to the fifth stages. Communities generally reached the highest stage in the community effort dimension but were at the lowest stage regarding community climate and knowledge about the issue. The heterogeneity of the studies made it challenging to compare CR levels among different communities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides an overview of CR levels and objectives of CR assessments, highlighting the significance of bottom-up interventions in childhood obesity prevention. It emphasizes the necessity of conducting context-specific readiness assessments before implementing interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"23 3","pages":"e161812"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12534737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Effectiveness of Group Discussion and SMS-Based Education on Nutritional Status, Physical Activity, and Blood Cholesterol Levels in Women with Elevated Cholesterol: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Hossein Ashtarian, Neda Yavari, Behrooz Hamzeh, Afshin Almasi","doi":"10.5812/ijem-160891","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-160891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the significant contribution of dyslipidemia to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in women, effective educational interventions targeting lifestyle modifications are crucial for disease prevention and management.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of group discussion and short message service (SMS)-based education in improving nutrition, physical activity, and cholesterol levels in women with high blood cholesterol.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized trial was conducted with 165 women aged 30 - 59, recruited from two urban health centers in Kermanshah, Iran. The study included participants with borderline high cholesterol levels (200 - 239 mg/dL) who were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 55 each): An SMS-based education group receiving text messages on nutrition and physical activity, a group discussion intervention with facilitated sessions on lifestyle modification, or a control group that received standard care without additional educational components. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups using permuted block randomization [block sizes of (e.g. 6, 9)], with allocation concealment ensured by sealed, opaque envelopes. With a statistical power of 80% and a confidence level of 95%, the minimum required sample size was calculated. Questionnaires were administered to evaluate dietary and physical activity habits before and three months after the interventions. Blood samples were also obtained at these time points. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. The chi-square, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for baseline, within-group, and between-group comparisons, respectively. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two intervention groups showed a statistically significant increase in the mean score of nutritional status and physical activity and a decrease in the level of blood cholesterol after the intervention, compared to the control group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the SMS and discussion groups in terms of physical activity and cholesterol levels, but the nutritional status score in the discussion group was significantly higher than in the SMS group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both group discussion and SMS interventions can be effective strategies for promoting healthy lifestyle changes in women with high cholesterol. Group discussions appear to have a broader impact, as they also improve nutritional status. Healthcare providers can consider incorporating these methods into their interventions to help women manage their cholesterol levels and improve their overall health.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"23 3","pages":"e160891"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12523854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145307919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydatid Cyst Disease of the Thyroid Gland: A Rare Case Report.","authors":"Pooneh Dehghan, Fatemeh Ghiasi, Seyyed Hasan Langari, Hossein Moradkhani","doi":"10.5812/ijem-163775","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-163775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hydatid cysts caused by <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> are zoonotic infections endemic to pastoral regions. While hepatic (50 - 70%) and pulmonary (20 - 30%) involvement dominate, primary thyroid hydatidosis is exceptionally rare (< 1% of cases), posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case underscores the importance of considering parasitic etiologies in thyroid nodules, particularly in endemic zones.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 26-year-old female patient presented with complaints of pain and swelling in the anteroposterior region of the neck, predominantly on the right side. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) from the nodule seen on ultrasound (US) of the thyroid gland was reported to be suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and the patient underwent bilateral total thyroidectomy. In the postoperative histopathological examination, a hydatid cyst was confirmed in the thyroid gland.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thyroid hydatid cysts, though rare, require high clinical suspicion in endemic regions. Imaging (US/MRI) and serology are pivotal for preoperative diagnosis, while FNA is contraindicated. Complete surgical excision with adjuvant albendazole ensures optimal outcomes. Public health measures, including dog deworming and community education, are critical to disrupting the parasite's lifecycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"23 3","pages":"e163775"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12606861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145512746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}