International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Network pharmacology and experimental analysis of Yudantong decoction, a multi-immunomodulator for the treatment of intractable cholestatic liver disease: Identification of active agents, molecular targets, and mechanisms of action.","authors":"Xiaoming Wu, Linyi Hou, Jing Liu, Jing Hao, Chang Liu, Yan Hu, Qiang He","doi":"10.5414/CP204695","DOIUrl":"10.5414/CP204695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Yudantong decoction (YDTD) is a therapeutic prescription for cholestatic liver disease (CLD) and is clinically effective in our medical institution. However, the exact constituents and mechanisms of YDTD in treating CLD remain unknown. This project aimed to explore the primary constituents and mechanism of YDTD in the treatment of CLD through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS), network pharmacology, molecular docking technology, and in vivo experiments.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The chemical constituents of YDTD were identified via UPLC-HRMS, and Bioinformatics analysis tool for molecular mechANism of traditional Chinese medicine (BATMAN-TCM) was employed to screen target proteins. Cytoscape 3.7.1 was used to build the herbal component-target network. The CLD targets were identified by querying the OMIM and DisGeNET databases and determining the overlap between the targets of the YDTD chemical constituents and those of CLD. The STRING database was utilized to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for subsequent analysis. Gene ontology (GO) biological process enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis were carried out using the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID) database. Molecular docking validation against core targets with PyMOL software was conducted for the active compounds. Finally, in vivo experiments were performed to investigate the therapeutic effect of YDTD in a murine model of α-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced CLD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>YDTD has 112 major components, among which 59 have 1,478 potential targets. We identified a total of 1,957 potential therapeutic targets for CLD and 269 overlapping targets between CLD-associated targets and YDTD active component targets to construct a PPI network. Through topology analysis, IL-6, INS, IL1B, AKT1, BCL2, NFKB1, PTGS2, and TP53 were identified as key targets along with their corresponding primary chemical components. KEGG analysis revealed significant enrichment of the phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)-Akt and nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. The molecular docking results indicated strong binding affinities between glycyrrhizin-AKT1, l-arginine-IL1B, p-coumaric acid-IL1B, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid-IL1B, p-coumaric acid-TNF, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid-TNF, uridine-AKT1, p-coumaric acid-IL6, and trigonelline-INS. In vivo experiments demonstrated that YDTD downregulated the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-NF-κB, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and reduced immune cell infiltration in the liver to ameliorate liver damage in CLD patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study clarified the active components and potential anti-inflammatory mechanism of YDTD in treating CLD, providing a solid foundation for future research on its therapeutic m","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for a loss of analgesia when hydromorphone administered in combination with hange-shashin-to: Enterohepatic circulation and β-glucuronidase inhibition.","authors":"Masakazu Ozaki, Hiroshi Yamagata, Hiroto Matsui, Naoto Okada, Mishiya Matsumoto, Hiroaki Nagano, Takashi Kitahara","doi":"10.5414/CP204702","DOIUrl":"10.5414/CP204702","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular safety profile of JAK inhibitors and ethnic factors in Asians: A signal detection study using the Global ICSR (WHO-UMC VigBase) database.","authors":"Woongshik Nam, Ji-Hwan Bae, Jeongin Oh, Ju-Young Shin, Hoon Kim","doi":"10.5414/CP204580","DOIUrl":"10.5414/CP204580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to detect cardiovascular disease-related signals using Global Individual Case Safety Report data on JAK inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A signal detection study was conducted using the WHO-UMC VigiBase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study identified four cardiovascular adverse event signals associated with JAK inhibitors in Asian populations, including pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, thrombosis, and cerebrovascular accidents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Analysis of Asian populations revealed a higher risk of thromboembolic events associated with JAK inhibitors than with TNF inhibitors. However, unlike in the Western populations, no myocardial infarction signal was detected in the Asian populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells modulated by Bushen Tian Sui decoction via the TGF-β1-Smad2/3 signaling pathway: In vitro evidence and potential clinical application in delayed fracture healing","authors":"Wei Xiong, Bingru Li, Jiamin Chen, Zichen Shao, Wei-Kang Sun, Song Li, Hualong Lu, Ling Cheng","doi":"10.5414/CP204746","DOIUrl":"10.5414/CP204746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bone-related disorders pose significant challenges in clinical practice. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), as multipotent stem cells, play a pivotal role in bone regeneration. The TGF-β1-Smad2/3 signaling pathway is a well-recognized regulator of BMSC osteogenic differentiation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as Bushen Tian Sui decoction (BSTSD), has shown potential in enhancing bone health; however, its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Investigating the effects and underlying mechanisms of BSTSD on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The impact of BSTSD on BMSCs was comprehensively analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot (WB), and immunofluorescence assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CCK8 results revealed the highest optical density (OD) values in the BSTSD + activator group at 24, 48, and 72 hours, indicating enhanced cell proliferation. qPCR analysis showed significantly increased expression levels of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, SOX9, and RUNX2 in the BSTSD + activator group, suggesting a synergistic effect in promoting osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. WB results demonstrated elevated phosphorylation levels of Smad2 and Smad3 (p-Smad2, p-Smad3) in the BSTSD + activator group, while total Smad2 and Smad3 protein levels remained consistent among groups. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed the highest fluorescence intensity, positive area ratio, and cell count containing Smad2 and Smad3 proteins in the BSTSD + activator group, validating the synergistic effect of BSTSD and TGF-β1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BSTSD exhibits promising effects on BMSC differentiation and bone regeneration, mediated through the TGF-β1-Smad2/3 signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bisphosphonates in combination with alendronate sodium increase bone mineral density and modulate IL-6, TNF-α, and IGF-1 in patients with osteoporosis.","authors":"Xuechun Gu, Liyuan Zhang, Xiangyi Chen, Lingyan Kong","doi":"10.5414/CP204706","DOIUrl":"10.5414/CP204706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effects of bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid injection) plus alendronate sodium on bone mineral density (BMD) and levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in patients with osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 94 patients recruited from osteoporosis patients hospitalized in the period October 2021 to December 2022 were assigned to either a control group or an observation group using a random number table. The control group was treated with alendronate sodium alone, whereas the observation group received zoledronic acid injection in combination with alendronate sodium administered orally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-treatment values for BMD, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IGF-I did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, post-treatment BMD measured at the femoral neck, in lumbar vertebrae, and Ward's triangle were increased, as was serum IGF-I level (p < 0.05). In contrast, in comparison with the control group, reductions were observed in serum IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, musculoskeletal pain, and hypocalcemia was significantly lower in the observation group (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Zoledronic acid injection in combination with alendronate sodium increases the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IGF-I, suppresses bone resorption and promotes bone recovery in patients with osteoporosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niraparib-related severe refractory thrombocytopenia in ovarian cancer patients receiving paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy: A report on three cases.","authors":"Mingtao Chen, Lin Zhou, Huijuan Yang, Mengmeng Wang","doi":"10.5414/CP204724","DOIUrl":"10.5414/CP204724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A characteristic toxicity of niraparib is a decrease in blood platelets (PLT), with an incidence of ~ 34% for grades 3 - 4 conditions. However, exceedingly severe cases have been reported infrequently. This paper describes three patients with acute and refractory severe PLT deficiency due to niraparib administration. The symptom characteristics, treatment course, and outcomes have also been analyzed, and the potential for the involvement of immune-related factors is considered. Therefore, it is recommended to comprehensively assess bone marrow hematopoietic function and high-risk variables before administering niraparib, intensify self-management and monitoring of patients, track changes in indicators, and intervene promptly. Additionally, if standard PLT-elevating therapies are ineffective, early full-dose administration of thrombopoietin receptor agonists, preferably avatrombopag, may be beneficial for reversing PLT loss of control.</p>","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renoprotective effects of dulaglutide, a GLP-1 agonist, involving regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease.","authors":"Daoli Jiang, Fandong Meng, Xiaohua Chou, Jiaxin Shen, Miaoyan Liu","doi":"10.5414/CP204632","DOIUrl":"10.5414/CP204632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess the renoprotective effects of dulaglutide and identify mechanisms of action in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease (DKD).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Outpatients/ambulant patients at the Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between October 2021 and July 2023, with type 2 diabetes and DKD, a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 3 mg/mmol and who were receiving hypoglycemic agents were prescribed dulaglutide at a dose rate of 0.75 - 1.5 mg once weekly (intervention group; n = 70). Patients receiving hypoglycemic agents other than glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and who were not prescribed dulaglutide constituted the control group (n = 65). Observations/outcomes: The primary outcome was a change in the UACR and biomarkers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) determined after 12 months of intervention treatment. Adverse events (estimates of tolerability and safety) were recorded during treatment and a follow-up period of 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UACR changes in the intervention group compared to the control group were significantly lower (p < 0.01 at 6 months and p < 0.05 at 12 months). The frequency of gastrointestinal adverse events in the two groups were not significantly different, and there were no significant increases in the number of hypoglycemic events. Dulaglutide significantly increased the epithelial marker E-cadherin and inhibited the mesenchymal marker periostin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is concluded that dulaglutide causes significant reductions in urinary albumin and modulates EMT-related proteins thereby ameliorating the decline in kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes and DKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe genital cutaneous toxicity with sunitib.","authors":"María Rodríguez Jorge, Loreto Domínguez Senín, Stephanie Saide Cobelas Cartagena, María Sánchez Esperilla, Juan Bayo Calero","doi":"10.5414/CP204697","DOIUrl":"10.5414/CP204697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sunitinib is an oral drug approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Serious cutaneous adverse reactions to sunitinib are rare, and when they occur, discontinuation of the treatment may be needed.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 70-year-old male patient was diagnosed with stage IV clear cell renal carcinoma and received treatment with sunitinib. After a second cycle with a 25% dose reduction, the patient was admitted with a diagnosis of grade 3 genital erythema. After ruling out other common causes, sunitinib was considered the cause of genital erythema and was stopped. Treatment with corticosteroids, topical applications, and morphine was started, with resolution after 18 days of evolution.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>There are only a few published reports that describe erythema and scaling of the genital skin. As in those few cases, for our patient, the first clinical signs appeared on day 28 of sunitinib treatment, and the lesions disappeared after 2 weeks without the use of the drug. Erythema and scaling reappeared when the drug was reintroduced, with greater severity than what was described in some of the other cases, which even included cases for which the lesions did not reappear.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rare instances of severe and limiting skin toxicity may necessitate treatment suspension and compromise survival, as observed in our case. It is crucial to recognize these skin toxicities and understand their appropriate management strategies to initiate treatment as early as possible, thereby avoiding hospitalizations and enabling the resumption of sunitinib therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of ezetimibe tablet in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions.","authors":"Guan Liu, Hegui Yan, Baodong Yuan, Gang Li","doi":"10.5414/CP204642","DOIUrl":"10.5414/CP204642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters of an ezetimibe 10 mg (test drug) and assess its bioequivalence to the branded reference product in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A single-center, randomized, open-label, four-period, two-sequence, full replicate crossover study was conducted in 88 healthy Chinese subjects under fasting or fed conditions. Subjects received a single oral dose of 10 mg ezetimibe tablet as test or reference formulation. There was a minimum 14-day washout period between each dose. Blood samples were collected at prescribed time intervals, the plasma concentration of free ezetimibe and total ezetimibe (ezetimibe + ezetimibe glucuronide) was determined by a validated ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. Pharmacokinetik and bioavailability parameters were estimated via non-compartmental methods. Adverse events were also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>40 and 48 eligible healthy subjects were enrolled in the fasted and fed study. Under fasting state, total ezetimibe with 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of C_max, AUC_0-t, and AUC_0-∞ were 87.17% (81.99 - 92.66%), 95.98% (92.38-99.72%), and 96.04% (91.37 - 100.95%), respectively. Under fed state, total ezetimibe with 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of C_max, AUC_0-t, and AUC_0-∞ were 98.71% (90.11 - 108.13%), 98.32% (94.71 - 102.06%), and 97.90% (92.68 - 103.42%), respectively. The 90% CIs of the ratio of geometric means (GMRs) of C_max, AUC_0-t, AUC_0-∞ of the test and reference formulation in both fasting and fed conditions fell within the conventional bioequivalence criteria of 0.80 - 1.25. No severe adverse events were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The test and reference 10-mg ezetimibe tablets were bioequivalent under fasting and fed conditions in Chinese subjects. Both preparations showed good safety and tolerability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive effects of magnesium supplementation in metabolic syndrome.","authors":"Sophia Kisters, Klaus Kisters, Tanja Werner, Jürgen Vormann, Faruk Tokmak, Timm Westhoff, Uwe Gröber, Hans-Georg Predel, Hannes Reuter","doi":"10.5414/CP204677","DOIUrl":"10.5414/CP204677","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Recent data show that magnesium supplementation decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure values depending on the blood pressure levels and improves metabolic parameters in cardiovascular disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this context, we conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind study on serum and ionized magnesium, systolic and diastolic blood pressure values, interleukin-6, vitamin D, and metabolic profile in 27 patients (13 male/14 female, age: 60.2 ± 12.5 years) with metabolic syndrome. All patients received 400 mg of oral magnesium supplementation daily. Parameters were measured before and after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. 27 patients served as controls without additional magnesium treatment (10 male/17 female, age: 64.6 ± 13.2 years).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;There was no significant change in serum magnesium after 6 and 12 weeks of magnesium supplementation and in controls. Ionized magnesium significantly increased from 0.56 ± 0.05 to up to 0.63 ± 0.08 mmol/L (mean ± SD) (p &lt; 0.01). The ionized Ca&lt;sup&gt;++&lt;/sup&gt;/Mg&lt;sup&gt;++&lt;/sup&gt; ratio was significantly increased at baseline in about 32% of all patients; after 12 weeks of magnesium supplementation, the Ca&lt;sup&gt;++&lt;/sup&gt;/Mg&lt;sup&gt;++&lt;/sup&gt; ratio decreased significantly from 2.32 ± 0.22 to 2.04 ± 0.24 at the end of the study (mean ± SD, p &lt; 0.05). In the magnesium-treated group, there was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure values after 12 weeks (systolic: 134.6 ± 6.8 to 126.3 ± 5.6 mmHg, diastolic: 84.1 ± 3.9 to 79.4 ± 1.6 mmHg) (mean ± SD) (p &lt; 0.01). Additional magnesium supplementation decreased interleukin-6 values significantly from 4.94 ± 3.30 to 4.53 ± 6.89 pg/mL after 6 weeks to 3.01 ± 1.32 pg/mL after 12 weeks (mean ± SD) (p &lt; 0.01). In the control group, interleukin-6 was 3.73 ± 4.36 pg/mL before the start of the supplementation, 4.87 ± 4.35 pg/mL after 6 weeks, and 4.41 ± 3.15 pg/mL after 12 weeks (means ± SD) (n.s.). In patients receiving magnesium supplementation, vitamin D levels significantly improved from 17.93 ± 8.96 to 24.41 ± 10.20 ng/mL (mean ± SD) (p &lt; 0.05). HbA1c and serum cholesterol values improved under magnesium therapy, but the improvement did not reach significance. For statistical analysis, Mann-Whitney-U-Test was used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Using supplementation with 400 mg magnesium for 12 weeks in patients with metabolic syndrome, ionized magnesium concentrations significantly increased, while serum magnesium did not change significantly. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure values decreased significantly in the magnesium-treated group. Magnesium supplementation also significantly decreased interleukin-6 levels and increased vitamin D in patients. HbA1c and cholesterol levels improved with magnesium supplementation, but the improvement did not reach significance. The anti-inflammatory effects of magnesium as well as anti-arteriosclerotic eff","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"569-578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}