International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Application of low-dose etomidate combined with oxycodone and midazolam in endoscopic injection sclerotherapy.","authors":"Jie Yao,&nbsp;Shuai Hao,&nbsp;Chen Zhou,&nbsp;YingHao Cao,&nbsp;ZheFeng Quan","doi":"10.5414/CP204341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5414/CP204341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the adverse effects and particularly the anesthetic effect of low-dose etomidate combined with oxycodone and midazolam in endoscopic injection sclerotherapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We herein report a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. It included patients with liver cirrhosis (age, 18 - 65 years; BMI, 18 - 25 kg/m²) who were treated with endoscopic injection sclerotherapy, and the patients were randomly assigned to the propofol group or the etomidate group. The incidence of respiratory depression was the primary outcome measure. The occurrence of various adverse effects and endoscopist satisfaction score were the secondary outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we enrolled a total of 96 patients. The incidence of respiratory depression in the propofol group was 19%, while that in the etomidate group was only 4% (9/47 vs. 2/49; p = 0.026). Regarding the secondary outcome measures, the incidence of hypoxia in the propofol group was 15%, while that in the etomidate group was only 2% (7/47 vs. 1/49; p = 0.029). Injection-site pain occurred in 0% and 23% of the patients in the etomidate group and propofol group, respectively (p < 0.001). Endoscopist satisfaction scores were classified as \"poor\", \"fair\", \"good\", and \"very good\". The scores were 17% higher (46/49 vs. 36/47; p = 0.026) for the \"very good\" level and 15% lower (3/49 vs. 10/47; p = 0.038) for the \"good\" level in the etomidate group than in the propofol group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low-dose etomidate combined with oxycodone and midazolam for endoscopic injection sclerotherapy could reduce the incidence of hypoxia without increasing the incidence of complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"61 3","pages":"122-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9191452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics, safety, and bioequivalence of apixaban tablets in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions.","authors":"Hong-Yu Luo,&nbsp;Zhen-Jiang Yao,&nbsp;Hui-Zhi Long,&nbsp;Zi-Wei Zhou,&nbsp;Shuo-Guo Xu,&nbsp;Feng-Jiao Li,&nbsp;Yan Cheng,&nbsp;Dan-Dan Wen,&nbsp;Ping Deng,&nbsp;Yue-Qing Guan,&nbsp;Li-Chen Gao","doi":"10.5414/CP204299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5414/CP204299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and bioequivalence of two formulations of apixaban in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A single-center, randomized, open, single-dose, two-period crossover PK study was carried out under fasting and fed conditions in 64 healthy subjects enrolled in either the fasting (36 subjects) or the fed (28 subjects) arms of the study. Subjects received a single oral dose of 2.5 mg apixaban tablets as test (T) or reference (R) formulation. The primary PK parameters determined were the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to t and ∞ (AUC_0-t and AUC_0-∞) and the maximal plasma concentration (C_max). Safety was assessed mainly from the occurrence of adverse events (AEs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A single drop-out in the fed arm of the trial was excluded from the statistical evaluation. The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the geometric mean ratio (GMR) for T/R using AUC_0-t were 95.4 - 100.9% and 97.8 - 103.8%, and for AUC_0-∞ were 95.3 - 100.6% and 98.3 - 104.3% under fasting (36 subjects) and fed (27 subjects) conditions, respectively. Similarly, the 90% CIs for C_max were 94.6 - 103.1% and 88.8 - 102.0% under fasting (36 subjects) and the fed (27 subjects) conditions, respectively. Therefore, the 90% CIs for the T/R AUC and C_max ratios were within the standard range for bioequivalence (80.0 - 125.0%). There were no serious adverse events (SAEs).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The test and reference 2.5 mg apixaban tablets were bioequivalent and both showed good tolerability and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"61 3","pages":"129-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9191055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin, cancer, COVID-19, and longevity.","authors":"Karel Kostev","doi":"10.5414/CP204390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5414/CP204390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"61 3","pages":"93-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9691296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between first-step analgesic use and cancer in patients with diabetes.","authors":"Ie Byung Park,&nbsp;Hwa Jeong Seo","doi":"10.5414/CP204305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5414/CP204305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of analgesics in inhibiting cancer development in patients with diabetes based on a sample cohort supplied by the Korean National Health Insurance Service.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Regular users of analgesics included those using prescription analgesics ≥ 15 days per month at least 6 times over 2 years after the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (baseline). The effectiveness of analgesics in patients with diabetes was evaluated using metformin adherence and three models: model 1 was adjusted for age and sex; model 2 was further adjusted for body mass index (BMI), exercise, cholesterol, hypertension, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI); and model 3 was further adjusted for analgesics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on stringent extraction criteria, the sample had a cancer incidence of 4.6%. The hazard ratios of models 1 and 2 were 0.830 and 0.865, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio for all variables, including acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen, was 0.871 (model 3).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regular use of analgesics by patients with diabetes decreased their risk of subsequent cancer development in this large national cohort. Compared with participants who did not develop cancer, those with cancer were older and more likely to be male, did not exercise, have more comorbidities (as assessed by CCI), and did not use analgesics regularly.</p>","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"61 2","pages":"67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9285360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homeostasis in the microbiota and the origin of disease: A target for disease prophylaxis.","authors":"Barry G Woodcock","doi":"10.5414/CPP61045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5414/CPP61045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"61 2","pages":"45-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10734455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atovaquone-induced thrombocytopenia: A case report.","authors":"Eri Hikita,&nbsp;Takeo Yasu,&nbsp;Satoshi Chiyounabayashi,&nbsp;Mikio Shirota","doi":"10.5414/CP204258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5414/CP204258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"61 2","pages":"90-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10751609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative impact of repositioned anticancer therapies on non-cancer COVID-19 patient treatment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Ja-Young Han,&nbsp;Jae-Hee Kwon,&nbsp;Dong Hwan Kim,&nbsp;Heeyoung Lee","doi":"10.5414/CP204325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5414/CP204325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a serious threat to public health; anticancer-repositioning treatment strategy has been formulated to treat the disease. However, evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of repositioned anticancer treatment in treating COVID-19-infected non-cancer patients (CINPs) is limited. Therefore, this study analyzed published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the impact of anticancer drugs compared to current standards of care (SOCs) on CINP treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify eligible RCTs. Outcome measures included mortality, the use of mechanical ventilation (MV), and serious adverse events (SAEs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>25 RCTs were reviewed in our study. Compared to SOCs, repositioned anticancer therapy for treating CINPs was associated with mortality reduction (odds ratio (OR) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.65 - 0.94, p = 0.01). Using the repositioned anticancer treatment exhibited statistically significant reduction, in both the number of CINPs using MV (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.51 - 0.88, p = 0.004) and experiencing SAEs (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.69 - 0.91, p = 0.0009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusively, repositioned anticancer treatment was shown significant differences from SOCs in treating CINPs, which appears to be more associated with mortality, MV use, and SAE development reduction in CINPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"61 2","pages":"74-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9285361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decongestants, proton pump inhibitors, and systemic antibiotics are associated with an increased occurrence of dysbiosis.","authors":"Seung-Young Chung,&nbsp;Karel Kostev,&nbsp;Christian Tanislav","doi":"10.5414/CP204294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5414/CP204294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dysbiosis (also called dysbacteriosis) is characterized by a disruption of the microbiome, resulting in an imbalance in the microbiota, changes in their functional composition and metabolic activities, and a shift in their local distribution. Dysbiosis is most commonly reported as a condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract, for example with bacterial or fungal overgrowth in the small intestine. Known causes of dysbiosis include antibiotic use, liver disease, and alcohol misuse.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine those variables associated with the diagnosis of dysbiosis using a national database containing data supplied by general practitioners in Germany.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patient data for the period January 2005 to December 2018 were obtained from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) based on data from 1,193 general practices in Germany. Inclusion criteria were all adult patients (≥ 18 years) with an initial diagnosis of dysbiosis documented anonymously. Data for variables such as drug treatment, other diseases etc. associated with the diagnosis were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4,013 patients diagnosed with dysbiosis and a comparative control cohort of 4,013 patients without such a dysbiosis were included in the study. The mean age in both groups was ~ 50 years where 65.2% of subjects were women. Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.14 - 1.85), proton pump inhibitors (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.21 - 1.61), and systemic antibiotics (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13 - 1.47) were significantly associated with an increased occurrence of dysbiosis, whereas non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69 - 0.87), lipid-lowering drugs (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63 - 0.93), and ACE inhibitors (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.53 - 0.77) were associated with a decreased occurrence of dysbiosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provides evidence that treatment with decongestants and other nasal preparations is strongly associated with an increased occurrence of dysbiosis. Although the pathophysiology of dysbiosis is multifactorial and confounding factors cannot be ruled out, the close correlation seen may have clinical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"61 2","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10741936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the intestinal microbiota of patients with Parkinson's disease and their clinical significance.","authors":"Li-Na Zhang,&nbsp;Wen-Ling Yuan,&nbsp;Ming Ye,&nbsp;Liang Yin,&nbsp;Shi-Jie Wang","doi":"10.5414/CP204285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5414/CP204285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the differences and their clinical significance in the intestinal microbiota in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in comparison to those in healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>20 patients with PD who received treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between January 2019 and December 2019 were selected as the research subjects to form the PD group, while 20 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. Fecal samples from the two groups were collected, and the V4 region of 16S-ribosomal ribonucleic acid was selected for high-throughput sequencing analysis to explore any differences, as well as their significance, in the intestinal microbiota abundance at the class, family, and genus levels between the two study groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The operational taxonomic unit cluster analysis revealed a high degree of overlap between the patients with PD and the controls. Compared with the controls, the relative abundance of <i>Coriobacteriia</i> and <i>Coriobacteriaceae</i> was increased in the PD group (p < 0.01), while the relative abundance of <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> was significantly lower (p < 0.01). The relative abundance of <i>Collinsella</i>, <i>Escherichia</i>, and <i>Fusobacterium</i> in the PD group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with the healthy subjects, the abundance of specific microflora was significantly different in the PD patients at the class, family, and genus level. Intestinal flora may act as a potential biomarker for PD and provide a theoretical basis for microflora transplantation therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"61 2","pages":"48-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9300771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of belimumab in lupus nephritis: A retrospective study.","authors":"Zhaowei Zhang, Jiayin Chen, Hongwei Du, Li Hua","doi":"10.5414/CP204323","DOIUrl":"10.5414/CP204323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This retrospective analysis was to examine the efficacy and safety of belimumab in lupus nephritis in China.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>25 patients who were regularly followed up every 3 months in our hospital in China were included. All patients were diagnosed as having lupus nephritis and received belimumab to complement standard therapy. The primary outcomes 24-hour proteinuria, complement level, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), SELENA-SLEDAI scores, prednisone daily dose, and adverse reactions were recorded at 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SELENA-SLEDAI scores and 24-hour urine protein of the 25 patients decreased visibly from baseline 15.96 ± 3.02, 1.52 ± 1.72 to 9.52 ± 2.66 (p < 0.01), 0.5 ± 0.2 (p < 0.05) at 48 weeks, the eGFR of the 25 patients increased from 76.45 ± 22.2 to 85.48 ± 19.26 (p < 0.01) at 48 weeks, complement levels also showed a trend to increase. One patient experienced renal flare at 48 weeks, and the level of the patient's 24-hour proteinuria had been > 0.7 g at 6 months; this may be a strong predictive factor for further renal response at 12 months. Belimumab added to the standard therapy also improved the hematologic complications caused by systemic lupus erythematosus in 2 patients with a lower glucocorticoid dose. There were no serious adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Belimumab may be effective and safe in lupus nephritis even with regard to hematologic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13963,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10626038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}