International Agrophysics最新文献

{"title":"Impact of lime application on erosive strength and bulk density of aggregates","authors":"Tina Frank, I. Zimmermann, R. Horn","doi":"10.31545/intagr/143766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/143766","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: t.frank@soils.uni-kiel.de **This work was carried out in cooperation with TU Berlin and financially supported by the German Federal Environmental Foundation (Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt DBU) (project no 33068/01 and 33068/02 – 2017-2021). A b s t r a c t. An area with well-aggregated and structured soil with a high inter-aggregate strength is favourable for use as arable land, both to withstand mechanical stresses and for optimal plant growth. The application of lime in the form of CaCO3 can facilitate the formation of a stable soil structure. Therefore, we determined the impact of lime application on the erosive strength and density of air-dry aggregates sampled from a Haplic Gleysol with a clay content of 45%. The lime was applied to the soil in the field at two different rates, resulting in the following: 36 dt CaO-equivalents ha and 54 dt CaO-equivalents ha. The results show that liming significantly increased the erosive strength of aggregates. Lower densities were observed which presumably leads to an improved accessibility of the pores and the particle surfaces within the aggregates due to the application of CaCO3. Furthermore, differences between amounts of C and N were determined in the aggregate layers between the limed plots and the control plots. K e y w o r d s: erosive strength, arable land, liming, conventional tillage","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44210025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of some characteristics of selected beneficial soil microorganisms under different potassium fertilizer applications","authors":"C. Paul, Saha Monidipta, J. Száková, Sahu Chandra, P. Tlustoš","doi":"10.31545/intagr/143426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/143426","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: szakova@af.czu.czn **The study was supported by European Regional Development Fund NutRisk Centre No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000845 (2018-2023). A b s t r a c t. Among the three important nutrients of (NPK) for plants, potassium plays a vital role in increasing disease resistance capacity and also in the activation of over 80 different enzymes responsible for plant metabolism. This article presents changes in the population of some soil beneficial microorganisms responsible for the nutrient cycling process in the soil and in their respiration activity as related to the application of different potassium (K) fertilizers (KCl and K2SO4) at different doses in a model incubation experiment. The application of KCl and K2SO4 fertilizers increases soil acidity at higher doses. The parameters describing the soil microbial community, i.e. microbial respiration and colony forming unit counts of free living N2-fixing bacteria, Rhizobium sp., Pseudomonas sp., potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria increased with the application of fertilizers at lower doses, but a minor decrease was observed for higher doses of fertilizers. The level of microbial activity showed a positive correlation with the application of different amounts of fertilizer but no effect was observed due to the use of different fertilizer types, thereby indicating that a substantial improvement in soil biological activities can be achieved regardless of the K fertilizer type at optimized doses. K e y w o r d s: potassium fertilizer, soil health, soil biology, incubation experiment, sustainable fertilizer use","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42813922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the returning organic wastes on soil enzymes and microbial quantity in dryland farming","authors":"Ling Sun, Zhixu Sun, Yaa Opoku-Kwanowaa, Juan Hu, Jinggui Wu","doi":"10.31545/intagr/142368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/142368","url":null,"abstract":"Corn straw and animal manure are high-quality organic materials which contain a large amount of organic matter as well as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and other trace elements necessary for plant growth and agricultural sustainability (Kumar et al., 2018). Statistical data have shown that every year, about 700 million tonnes of crop straw and 3.8 billion tonnes of animal manure are produced as agricultural waste in China (Wang et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2020). The burning of straw and the inappropriate disposal of animal manure leads to a waste of resources and environmental pollution (Ji, 2015). Returning straw to the field is an effective practice that facilitates the management of agricultural residues (Blumfield et al., 2003). Hou et al. (2012) reported that the application of straw mulch is a traditional agricultural practice used to reduce evaporation and improve crop yields, however, the traditional ways of applying mulch do have some shortcomings, such as the slow decomposition rate of the straw which leads to a low emergence rate for seedlings (Hu et al., 2016). Lafond et al. (2009) found that straw mulch had no significant effects on crop production and soil quality. Therefore, this research seeks to test a new method of returning straw, which may serve to alleviate the shortcomings of the traditional straws techniques in order to improve sustainable agricultural production. © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43350167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects comparation of different mulching methods on soil in pitaya orchards","authors":"Juan Luo, Min Xu, Chengli Liu, Shuang-shuang Wei, Hua Tang","doi":"10.31545/intagr/142845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/142845","url":null,"abstract":"Hainan province is one of the major producers of tropical fruits in China, and the pitaya industry is a pillar of the local economy. To mitigate the effects of extreme temperature, damaging sunlight, and the soil erosion during the growth of pitaya, an increasing number of local growers are using mulch in local orchards. The types of mulch used in this area can be broadly classified into three groups: plastic film, organic material, and living mulch. Different mulching practices have varying effects on the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil. A large body of research has shown that mulching can increase the moisture content of shallow soil by reducing evaporation and regulating its temperature (Adamaviciene et al., 2012; Ma et al., 2018). Mulching treatments are also beneficial for controlling weeds, enhancing the content of soil nutrients, improving soil enzyme activities, and improving the microecological environment (Xun et al., 2015). While the conditions of the soil change according to the different mulching practices used, Chen et al. (2014) have claimed that although organic mulch is not mixed into soil, decomposed organic materials can be gradually absorbed into it. A relatively independent microecological system has been constructed by using film mulching which is more effective than organic mulching in terms of inhibiting evaporation and preserving heat in the soil (Zhang et al., 2010). A study by Fang et al. (2011) showed that fresh biomass can © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44065200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining image analyses tools for comprehensive characterization of root systems from soil-filled rhizobox phenotyping platforms","authors":"Mouhannad Alsalem, A. Salehi, Jiangsan Zhao, B. Rewald, G. Bodner","doi":"10.31545/intagr/143121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/143121","url":null,"abstract":"Functional plant traits have been recognized to be effective predictors of ecosystem function and plant growth strategies. In this context, root traits have gained significant attention in plant and soil research. Root traits such as root angle, specific root area, root diameter, root length density and total root length are essential for plant productivity, particularly under conditions of limited resource availability, and in turn influence the characteristics of the soil and ecosystem. In cropping systems, cultivars with site-adapted root systems are expected to enhance water and nutrient use efficiency, yield stability, and resilience during periods of climate change. In the context of trait-based breeding, the integration of root systems, however, implies two major challenges: i) measurement/screening of large populations to rank candidates according to their performance, and ii) targeting those traits which are most promising for further selection and crossing. Root systems are complex organs of various sizes and structures resulting from spatial and temporal factors, cellular-level processes of elongation, branching and bending (Hodge et al., 2009). As a consequence, plant roots can also be characterized by parameters measured at different observation scales, from composite descriptors (e.g. total root length or shape of the root system, Kashiwagi © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences M. ALSALEM et al. 258 et al., 2006, Freschet et al., 2021) to single traits (lateral branching number, emergence angle of laterals, Chen et al., 2017). In addition, the different types of root descriptors used in comparative root studies are related to different classification schemes which have emerged over the course of the entire history of root research (branching topology, geometrical shape, developmental order, see Freschet et al. (2021) for a recent review concerning root classification schemes and measurement protocols). Finally, the relationship between root traits and the agronomic/breeding target of improved drought resistance due to higher root water uptake is complex (Vadez, 2014). Thus, optimal measurement strategies for root systems would also consider the linkage between root descriptors and root functionality. The number of root datasets has increased to a significant extent with the advancement of image-based phenotyping. Advanced methods for observing root systems non-destructively such as MRI imaging or X-ray tomography are expensive, require specialized equipment and are still limited in resolution at the fine root scale. Optical imaging approaches, using digital cameras or a scanner, are thus more frequently used to identify morphological, physiological, anatomical and biochemical traits. Rhizobox imaging is a root phenotyping approach which involves plants growing in soil-filled containers beyond the seedling/juvenile stages. This setup aims to approximate field-growing conditions (Nagel et al., 2012; Bodner et al.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49654889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal properties of wood and wood composites made from wood waste","authors":"M. Božiková, Petr Kotoulek, Matúš Bilčík, Ľ. Kubík, Z. Hlaváčová, P. Hlaváč","doi":"10.31545/intagr/142472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/142472","url":null,"abstract":"During the processing of wood for wood-based products mechanical and thermal stresses often occur. The temperature changes affect the level of wood moisture because heat transport cannot be separated from water transport. The mechanism of conduction is the dominant process of heat transfer through wood and wood-based products, but convection and radiation are also included, mainly in the form of boundary conditions. Heat conduction takes place when a temperature gradient exists in a solid medium. It may be described by Fourier ́s Law (Gustafsson, 1991; Sobota, 2014), where λ is the thermal conductivity (W m K). The conduction of heat involves the transfer of energy within a material without any motion of the material as a whole. The velocity of the temperature equalization in a material during non-stationary processes characterizes thermal diffusivity a (m s) which has been defined in the literature (Suleiman et al., 1999; Adl-Zarrabi, 2004). The volume specific heat cρ (J m K) may be expressed as ratio thermal conductivity λ and thermal diffusivity a (Bouguerra et al., 2001; Nakaya et al., 2016). The thermal parameters of wood and wood-based products are affected by many internal and external factors such as: moisture content (Troppova et al., 2014; Glass and Zelinka, 2010), temperature (Zhou et al., 2013), density of the wood, direction of heat flow with respect to the grain (Ružiak et al., 2017; Öner et al., © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences M. BOŽIKOVÁ et al. 252 2009). The thermal properties of wood-based materials are required in applications such as fuel conversion, building construction and other fields of industry (Zi-Tao et al., 2011). The problem of thermal parameter measurements of wood-based panels has already been discussed in a previous study and new results of the property have been delivered by Sonderegger and Niemz (2012), Li et al. (2013). Steadystate methods are used for the detection of wood thermal parameters (Hrčka and Kurjatko, 2006). Transient methods were introduced by Adl-Zarrabi and Boström (2004), Tavman (1996). Avramidis and Lau (1992) which measured the thermal coefficients of wood particles using a transient heat-flow method. The TPS technique is described in detail by Gustafsson (1991) and Wechsler (1992). According Karawacki et al. (1992) the extended dynamic plane source (EDPS) method is convenient for low thermal conductivity materials (Beck and Arnold, 2003; Malinarič, 2004). It was applied to the detection of the thermophysical properties of the solid wood of coniferous trees by authors Krišťák et al. (2019). Knowledge of the thermal properties of wood is essential for determining of its future usage. Based on the presented facts, the main aim of this research was the identification of the selected thermal properties for different types of woods and wood composites made from wood waste in Slovakia using the dynamic plane source (DPS) method. The main benefit of the research were to e","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42965110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drip Loss Control Technology of Frozen Fruits and Vegetables During Thawing: a Review","authors":"Jianghong Wu, Min Zhang, B. Bhandari, Chao-hui Yang","doi":"10.31545/intagr/142289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/142289","url":null,"abstract":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, China International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, China School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Yangzhou Yechun Food Production & Distribution Co., Yangzhou 225200, Jiangsu, China","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42202700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil salinity management using a Field Monitoring System (FMS) in tsunami-affected farmlands in Miyagi, Japan","authors":"I. Tokumoto, K. Chiba, M. Mizoguchi","doi":"10.31545/intagr/142037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/142037","url":null,"abstract":"The March 11, 2011 M9.0 megathrust earthquake off the East Coast of Japan generated a devastating tsunami that inundated over 1300 km of the Pacific Coast. It reached approximately 5 km inland in some areas of Miyagi, Japan (Earthquake and Reconstruction Division of Miyagi Prefecture, 2014). The tsunami caused extensive damage to thirteen thousand hectares of farmland, which included collapsed houses, buildings, and many types of infrastructure (Chiba et al., 2014; Roy et al., 2015). Since the disaster, according to a master plan initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan, various recovery/remedial works have been carried out (MAFF, 2011). A 1:5 soil to water extract electrical conductivity (EC1:5) test is recommended in MAFF guidelines to evaluate soil salinity levels. Some studies reported that natural rainfall helped to reduce the salinity levels (EC1:5 < 0.6 dS m) in the plow layer (up to 20 cm) of paddy fields with cracks near the soil surface (Chague-Goff et al.; 2012, JIID, 2013; Terasaki et al., 2015). However, Chiba et al., (2014) reported that leaching effects originating from natural rainfall alone was insufficient for rice growth in tsunami-affected regions, where severe subsidence occurred. In most cases, downward infiltration could accomplish sufficient salt exclusion through drainage canals in paddy fields (Chiba et al., 2015). However, the EC1:5 method © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences I. TOKUMOTO et al. 228 would be a time and labour consuming choice with which to conduct a long-term investigation into the desalinization process. Instead, pore water electrical conductivity (ECw) estimated using volumetric soil water content (θ) and bulk soil EC (ECb) are a useful way of monitoring soil salinity conditions. Recently, θ and ECb measurements have become available through the use of commercial soil moisture sensors such as time domain reflectometry (TDR) (Noborio et al., 2001; Miyamoto et al., 2015) and time domain transmissions (TDT) (Miyamoto et al., 2013; Hirashima et al., 2020). These measurement techniques allow for the attainment of in situ θ and ECb data simultaneously. A Field Monitoring System (FMS) developed by Mizoguchi et al., (2012) can be used to facilitate agricultural production recovery on damaged lands through the real time monitoring of θ and ECb. The FMS includes two central systems: field measurements and a monitoring system. The FieldRouter (FR) allows for the collection of in situ data and field photos through Bluetooth, which are then sent to a data server over the Internet. For monitoring high ECb in the soil through FMS, the TDT sensor (Acclima) is more affordable than the TDR sensor because of the SDI-12 protocol, which is a standard for interfacing data recorders with microprocessor based sensors (SDI-12 support group, 2012). Additionally, the TDT sensor is a low cost, high precision method used for θ estimation, and it also has a lower user a","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44294197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variable responses of soil pore structure to organic and inorganic fertilization in a Vertisol","authors":"Renjie Ruan, Zhongbin Zhang, Renfeng Tu, Yuekai Wang, P. Xiong, Wei Li, Huan Chen","doi":"10.31545/intagr/140885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/140885","url":null,"abstract":"aggregate stability. The inorganic fertilization treatment had a lower macropore connectivity, air permeability and higher penetration resistance relative to the control, a probable explanation is the decreased aggregate stability resulting from a large amount of dispersing ions in the inorganic fertilizers. Air permeability was positively correlated with macropore connectivity, while water-holding capacity and penetration resistance had no relationship with macropore characteristics. Our findings demonstrate that long-term organic fertilization can improve the macroporosity of Vertisol, while long-term inorganic fertilization has a detrimental effect on soil macropore connectivity. K e y w o r d s: long-term fertilization, computed tomography, pore characteristics, air permeability, penetration resistance INTRODUCTION Soil pore characteristics determine solute transport, air and water fluxes, and affect plant water uptake and plant growth (Naveed et al., 2016; Pires et al., 2017). Thus, major research efforts have been devoted to predicting air permeability and saturated hydraulic conductivity under different soil pore structures (Luo et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2019). Soil pores serve as planes of breakage along which aggregates form, and their sizes and spatial positions determine the micro-environmental conditions for crop root growth (Rabot et al., 2018). It has been shown that continuous macropores are beneficial for crop root growth in compacted soils as the macropores can provide spaces with low resistance and high concentrations of oxygen (Colombi et al., 2017). Therefore, soil pore structures such as macropores should be improved by using favourable agricultural management practices (Sainju et al., 2003). Soil macropores have been reported to be sensitive to organic fertilization treatment (Xu et al., 2018). It is generally believed that the addition of organic fertilizer increases the soil organic matter content and has a positive effect on soil aggregation and pore system development in a tilled cropping system (Pagliai et al., 2004; Dal Ferro et al., 2013). The increased biological activity resulting from manure application to the soil leads to more continuous biopores, which in turn contributes to increased macroporosity and pore connectivity (Naveed et al., 2014). Zhang © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69998212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in bread making quality of wheat during postharvest maturations","authors":"Anna Szafrańska, S. Stępniewska","doi":"10.31545/INTAGR/138841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/INTAGR/138841","url":null,"abstract":"vars, wheat maturation","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48664627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}