International Agrophysics最新文献

{"title":"Foamed bioplastics: a review","authors":"M. Combrzyński, Ö. Özmen","doi":"10.31545/intagr/145289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/145289","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: maciej.combrzynski@up.lublin.pl A b s t r a c t. Based on a literature review, the development and importance of foamed bioplastics in the context of conventional materials has been discussed in the paper. Raw materials, technological aspects, types of products (including a new generation of bioplastics), their advantages and disadvantages as well as user expectations are presented. Despite considerable progress, especially in the formulation of new raw material compositions, there is still a need to continue research work on the application of different techniques in the production of biodegradable porous packaging materials. It still remains the current primary goal – to produce products with physical characteristics that are comparable with those of petroleum based plastic. K e y w o r d s: physical properties, foams, porous materials, bioplastics, starch-based packaging materials","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44533757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of biochar on soil water and temperature, nutrients, and yield of maize/soybean and maize/peanut intercropping systems","authors":"Ce Luan, Wei He, Xunfan Su, Xuanming Wang, Y. Bai, Lixue Wang","doi":"10.31545/intagr/144133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/144133","url":null,"abstract":"Intercropping is an important agricultural planting technique that improves resource utilization efficiency through interactions between different crop species (Chen et al., 2010). The implementation of a reasonable intercropping strategy could improve the efficiency with which plants utilize light, temperature, fertilizer, water and other natural resources, it could also reduce the risk of pests, diseases, and weed competition and increase the yield per unit area (Oswald et al., 2002; Hussain et al., 2020). The annual area in China sown under intercropping conditions is more than 2.8×10 ha, among which the area of legume intercropping exceeds 1×10 ha (Miao et al., 2011). Therefore, continuous improvement in the production of the intercropping planting model is important to ensure food security. Because legumes can obtain nitrogen from the atmosphere through biological nitrogen fixation, the intercropping of Gramineae and Leguminosae species can enhance yields, this has been confirmed by previous studies (Green et al., 2019). When intercropped with grasses, legumes can act as nutrient donors for grass crops, thereby increasing the nitrogen utilization rate (Pirhofer et al., 2012). In addition, the intercropping of Gramineae species and legumes allows for the optimization of the temporal and spatial growth patterns of the above ground and underground parts, which has the potential not only to promote the efficient use of resources such as light and © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46870419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tritordeum – the content of basic nutrients in grain and the morphological and anatomical features of kernels","authors":"E. Suchowilska, W. Radawiec, M. Wiwart","doi":"10.31545/intagr/144592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/144592","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: marian.wiwart@uwm.edu.pl **This work was financially supported by Minister of Education and Science in the range of the program entitled “Regional Initiative of Excellence” for the years 2019-2022, Project No. 010/ RID/2018/19, amount of funding 12.000.000 PLN. A b s t r a c t. The nutrient content and the morphological and anatomical features of kernels were compared for 11 breeding lines of tritordeum and three Triticum durum cultivars. The kernel shape descriptors were examined using digital image analysis, and the contents of four basic nutrients were determined. Tritordeum grain had a significantly higher content of protein, fat, ash and fibre than durum wheat grain. In turn, the values of one kernel weight, kernel thickness and hardness were significantly lower in tritordeum. Tritordeum kernels are elongated, relatively small, with a deep crease and a small cross-sectional area. All lines differed considerably with regard to the examined phenotypic attributes. Tritordeum lines and the reference cultivars were most effectively distinguished based on fibre content, spike length, spikelet number per spike, and kernel number and weight per spike. One kernel weight, whole kernel area, crease depth, and the distance from the bottom of the crease to the kernel edge were the least distinguishing traits. The results indicate that tritordeum grain can accumulate more than 19% protein and 43% more fibre than durum wheat in Central Europe. The examined tritordeum lines are highly promising despite the fact that their yield potential is twice lower compared to modern T. durum cultivars. K e y w o r d s: tritordeum, basic nutrients, cross section, grain, shape analysis INTRODUCTION","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41780350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of mycorrhizae to sustainable and ecological agriculture: a review","authors":"A. Jamiołkowska, B. Skwaryło-Bednarz, A. H. Thanoon, Weronika Kursa","doi":"10.31545/intagr/144249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/144249","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: barbara.skwarylo@up.lublin.pl A b s t r a c t. The aim of the paper is to discuss, on the basis of the recent scientific literature, the potential of mycorrhizae as an important biological factor supporting crop production. Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a multifunctional phenomenon, therefore it should play an important role in sustainable and organic agriculture, but it is still underused. The article focuses on the influence of mycorrhizae on nutrient uptake by plants, as well as exploring the importance of mycorrhizal fungi in promoting plant growth and improving yield quality. Mycorrhizal fungi are factors which limit plant stresses, thereby indirectly contributing to a reduction in the consumption of agrochemicals. The results of many studies show that mycorrhizal symbiosis plays an important role in essential ecosystem processes by regulating the microbiological relationships in the soil, thereby creating a permanent soil structure and protecting it from air and water erosion. The detailed functioning and regulation of these mycorrhizosphere processes and their significance for plants are widely described in the scientific literature, however, the use of mycorrhizae in agriculture is still insufficient. Particular attention should be paid to the potential benefits of mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture, as well as for ecological and safe plant production. K e y w o r d s: sustainable agriculture, mycorrhiza, ecology plant diseases, plant toxicity","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49272458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation and path analysis of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) yield vs root traits and relative water content as affected by Azotobacter, mycorrhizal symbiosis and biochar application under dry-land farming conditions","authors":"R. Mesbah, M. Ardakani, A. Moghaddam, F. Rafiei","doi":"10.31545/intagr/143945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/143945","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the excessive consumption of chemical fertilizers in combination with increasing production costs has led to the destruction of soil, water and biological resources (Gebhardt et al., 2017). Hence, in order to reduce the traces of chemical fertilizers in the environment and maximize the economic use of fertilizers, biofertilizers are considered to be a promising alternative approach to maintain and impr ove agroecosystems (Gao et al., 2020). These biofertilizers are mainly based on beneficial microorganisms which have the effect of enhancing soil fertility and plant growth by increasing the number and biological activity of useful microorganisms in the rhizosphere (Gao et al., 2020). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most effective microbial symbiotic organisms for improving the growth and yield of the majority (90%) of plants (Ardakani et al., 2009; Ahanger et al., 2014; Tarnabi et al., 2019). The symbiotic relationship between plants and mycorrhizal constitutes a link between the biotic and the geochemical portions of the ecosystem, and such a relationship may be © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences R. MESBAH et al. 320 considered to be a bridge connecting the root with the surrounding soil microhabitats (Larsen et al., 2017). Inoculating soil with AMF results in the formation of more constant masses and significantly higher extra-radical hyphal mycelium than the non-AMF-treated soils (Samarbakhsh et al., 2009; Syamsiyah et al., 2018). In low moisture conditions in the soil, the available water for plants is limited (Dai, 2012). Hence, all plant physiological processes such as cell turgidity, photosynthetic processes, growth of the root, tissue and organs are influenced (Sheteiwy et al., 2021). AMF can enhance plant tolerance to various environmental stresses by improving the acquisition of mineral nutrients and water (Baum et al., 2015) and it can also affect the water balance of both amply watered and droughtstressed host plants (Sheteiwy et al., 2021). Moreover, AMF improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and in particular, the soil structure. Additionally, AMF symbiosis enhanced the activity of soil microbial enzymes (El-Sawah et al., 2021). The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was used for the first time at the end of the 1970s in many key ecosystem processes, in such forms as bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides (Gao et al., 2020). Recent studies have reported that bio-fertilizers can promote plant growth through nitrogen fixation, phytohormone, phosphate (P), and potassium solubilization (Bashan and de-Bashan, 2005). To reduce the harmful effects of agrochemicals with regard to tobacco leaf quality, the use of biofertilizers and nature-based compounds such as biochar are becoming established as essential agroecological practices for plant production. Biochar is a carbon-rich material obtained by pyrolysis using various biomasses (Major et al., 2010; Soliman et al","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48331545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil degradation mitigation in continental climate in young vineyards planted in Stagnosols","authors":"Leon Josip Telak, P. Pereira, Igor Bogunović","doi":"10.31545/intagr/143268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/143268","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: leonjosip.telak@gmail.com **This work was supported by the Croatian Science Foundation through the project \"Soil erosion and degradation in Croatia\" (UIP-2017-05-7834) (SEDCRO) (2018-2023). A b s t r a c t. Intensive soil management in vineyards makes them vulnerable to the degradation of physical characteristics and soil erosion. Sustainable management practices in young vineyards should be adopted to ensure soil longevity and ecosystem stability. The aim of this research was to compare the effects of grass-covering and straw-mulching on the mitigation of soil degradation through the reduction of chemical and physical soil degradation and initial soil erosion. The soil sampling and rainfall simulations were performed in an immature vineyard, which was established in Stagnosol, in a semi-humid climate in order to study the intrinsic relationships between soil properties and soil degradation/erosion. The grass-covering treatment significantly increased the values of soil organic matter, mean weight diameter, water-stable aggregates, ponding and runoff times, and significantly reduced the values of water runoff, sediment concentration, sediment loss, carbon loss, phosphorous loss and as a consequence, increased the available phosphorous, and soil water content. The opposite result was observed for the tilled treatment. Straw-mulching did not affect soil properties, however it decreased water, soil, and nutrient losses. Grass-covering is highlighted as the most sustainable soil management strategy as it mitigates water, sediment and nutrient losses in young vineyards. K e y w o r d s: Croatia, soil erosion, rainfall simulation, grasscovering, straw-mulching","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49281657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of lime application on erosive strength and bulk density of aggregates","authors":"Tina Frank, I. Zimmermann, R. Horn","doi":"10.31545/intagr/143766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/143766","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: t.frank@soils.uni-kiel.de **This work was carried out in cooperation with TU Berlin and financially supported by the German Federal Environmental Foundation (Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt DBU) (project no 33068/01 and 33068/02 – 2017-2021). A b s t r a c t. An area with well-aggregated and structured soil with a high inter-aggregate strength is favourable for use as arable land, both to withstand mechanical stresses and for optimal plant growth. The application of lime in the form of CaCO3 can facilitate the formation of a stable soil structure. Therefore, we determined the impact of lime application on the erosive strength and density of air-dry aggregates sampled from a Haplic Gleysol with a clay content of 45%. The lime was applied to the soil in the field at two different rates, resulting in the following: 36 dt CaO-equivalents ha and 54 dt CaO-equivalents ha. The results show that liming significantly increased the erosive strength of aggregates. Lower densities were observed which presumably leads to an improved accessibility of the pores and the particle surfaces within the aggregates due to the application of CaCO3. Furthermore, differences between amounts of C and N were determined in the aggregate layers between the limed plots and the control plots. K e y w o r d s: erosive strength, arable land, liming, conventional tillage","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44210025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of some characteristics of selected beneficial soil microorganisms under different potassium fertilizer applications","authors":"C. Paul, Saha Monidipta, J. Száková, Sahu Chandra, P. Tlustoš","doi":"10.31545/intagr/143426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/143426","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: szakova@af.czu.czn **The study was supported by European Regional Development Fund NutRisk Centre No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000845 (2018-2023). A b s t r a c t. Among the three important nutrients of (NPK) for plants, potassium plays a vital role in increasing disease resistance capacity and also in the activation of over 80 different enzymes responsible for plant metabolism. This article presents changes in the population of some soil beneficial microorganisms responsible for the nutrient cycling process in the soil and in their respiration activity as related to the application of different potassium (K) fertilizers (KCl and K2SO4) at different doses in a model incubation experiment. The application of KCl and K2SO4 fertilizers increases soil acidity at higher doses. The parameters describing the soil microbial community, i.e. microbial respiration and colony forming unit counts of free living N2-fixing bacteria, Rhizobium sp., Pseudomonas sp., potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria increased with the application of fertilizers at lower doses, but a minor decrease was observed for higher doses of fertilizers. The level of microbial activity showed a positive correlation with the application of different amounts of fertilizer but no effect was observed due to the use of different fertilizer types, thereby indicating that a substantial improvement in soil biological activities can be achieved regardless of the K fertilizer type at optimized doses. K e y w o r d s: potassium fertilizer, soil health, soil biology, incubation experiment, sustainable fertilizer use","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42813922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the returning organic wastes on soil enzymes and microbial quantity in dryland farming","authors":"Ling Sun, Zhixu Sun, Yaa Opoku-Kwanowaa, Juan Hu, Jinggui Wu","doi":"10.31545/intagr/142368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/142368","url":null,"abstract":"Corn straw and animal manure are high-quality organic materials which contain a large amount of organic matter as well as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and other trace elements necessary for plant growth and agricultural sustainability (Kumar et al., 2018). Statistical data have shown that every year, about 700 million tonnes of crop straw and 3.8 billion tonnes of animal manure are produced as agricultural waste in China (Wang et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2020). The burning of straw and the inappropriate disposal of animal manure leads to a waste of resources and environmental pollution (Ji, 2015). Returning straw to the field is an effective practice that facilitates the management of agricultural residues (Blumfield et al., 2003). Hou et al. (2012) reported that the application of straw mulch is a traditional agricultural practice used to reduce evaporation and improve crop yields, however, the traditional ways of applying mulch do have some shortcomings, such as the slow decomposition rate of the straw which leads to a low emergence rate for seedlings (Hu et al., 2016). Lafond et al. (2009) found that straw mulch had no significant effects on crop production and soil quality. Therefore, this research seeks to test a new method of returning straw, which may serve to alleviate the shortcomings of the traditional straws techniques in order to improve sustainable agricultural production. © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43350167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects comparation of different mulching methods on soil in pitaya orchards","authors":"Juan Luo, Min Xu, Chengli Liu, Shuang-shuang Wei, Hua Tang","doi":"10.31545/intagr/142845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/142845","url":null,"abstract":"Hainan province is one of the major producers of tropical fruits in China, and the pitaya industry is a pillar of the local economy. To mitigate the effects of extreme temperature, damaging sunlight, and the soil erosion during the growth of pitaya, an increasing number of local growers are using mulch in local orchards. The types of mulch used in this area can be broadly classified into three groups: plastic film, organic material, and living mulch. Different mulching practices have varying effects on the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil. A large body of research has shown that mulching can increase the moisture content of shallow soil by reducing evaporation and regulating its temperature (Adamaviciene et al., 2012; Ma et al., 2018). Mulching treatments are also beneficial for controlling weeds, enhancing the content of soil nutrients, improving soil enzyme activities, and improving the microecological environment (Xun et al., 2015). While the conditions of the soil change according to the different mulching practices used, Chen et al. (2014) have claimed that although organic mulch is not mixed into soil, decomposed organic materials can be gradually absorbed into it. A relatively independent microecological system has been constructed by using film mulching which is more effective than organic mulching in terms of inhibiting evaporation and preserving heat in the soil (Zhang et al., 2010). A study by Fang et al. (2011) showed that fresh biomass can © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44065200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}