International Agrophysics最新文献

{"title":"Impact of wood-derived biochar on the hydraulic characteristics of compacted soils: Its influence on simulated farmland carbon sequestration","authors":"A. Ahmed, J. Kurian, S. Satyanarayana, Vijayakumar Raghavan","doi":"10.31545/INTAGR/135898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/INTAGR/135898","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: Ahmed.ahmed@mail.mcgill.ca A b s t r a c t. The addition of biochar is often proposed to increase agricultural soil quality and crop yield, while at the same time sequestering carbon from the atmosphere to help mitigate global climate change. In this research, the pore-size distribution, and saturated hydraulic conductivity of sandy loam and clay loam soils amended with varying dosages (0-10% dry basis) and two different particle sizes (0.5-420 μm (PS1) or 421-841 μm (PS2)) of wood-derived biochar were investigated under compacted conditions (5, 10, or 15 standard Proctor rammer blows (5B, 10B, or 15B, respectively)). In the 5B compacted SL (SL-5B) soil, the volume of the soil fissures and transmission pores decreased, while the volume of the storage pores (SP) increased with increasing wood-derived biochar dosage. 23.1±0.9% of the volume of the 5B compacted clay loam (CL-5B) are storage pores, this value increased to 27.4±2.0% upon amendment with 10% PS1. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the sandy loam-5B soil amended with 10% PS1 decreased from 6.8±0.3 to 0.80±0.03 mm h. The sandy loam farmland C emissions decreased by 0.071 tC ha y, whereas CL farmland C emissions decreased by 0.091 tC ha y. K e y w o r d s: soil biochar mixture, water retention, pore-size distribution, hydraulic conductivity, carbon sequestration","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":"35 1","pages":"167-177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46278388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of wheat grain yield by measuring root electrical capacitance at anthesis","authors":"I. Cseresnyés, P. Mikó, Bettina Kelemen, A. Füzy, I. Parádi, T. Takács","doi":"10.31545/INTAGR/136711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/INTAGR/136711","url":null,"abstract":"Larger root system size (RSS) is critical for increased early vigour and water use, it contributes to enhanced grain yield (GY) in crops (Fageria, 2013), thus emphasizing the importance of applying field root phenotyping techniques in breeding programmes (Postic et al., 2019). Nevertheless, as conventional root investigation methods are generally laborious and destructive, and the isolation of the intact root system from field soil is practically impossible, the investigation of roots is often neglected compared to those of shoots. The measurement of root electrical capacitance (CR) is a promising, rapid in situ technique capable of screening numerous plants at different growth stages. Moreover, the sampled plants can be harvested at maturity to determine GY and can also be used for reproduction (Středa et al., 2020). The CR method was successfully applied in the field to evaluate the effect of dwarfing genes on the RSS of barley (Chloupek et al., 2006), in order to select barley and wheat genotypes for higher RSS and drought tolerance (Chloupek et al., 2010; Svačina et al., 2014; Heřmanská et al., 2015), to assess the root diversity and water use of wheat varieties (Středa et al., 2012; Nakhforoosh et al., 2014), and to estimate canola RSS in relation to lodging resistance (Wu and Ma, 2016). Some of these studies demonstrated significant relationships between the CR-based root size and individual GY, particularly in dry environments. © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences I. CSERESNYÉS et al. 160 The measurement technique is based on the correlation between RSS variables and the CR detected between a ground electrode (inserted into the soil) and a plant electrode (fixed on the stem) using a low-frequency alternating current (AC) signal (Chloupek, 1972). Conceptual models consider the roots to be imperfect cylindrical capacitors, in which the amount of electric charge stored by the polarizable membrane dielectrics depends on the root-soil interfacial area (Dalton, 1995). Even though some of the underlying biophysical principles are still unclear and there are uncertainties about the relative contribution of proximal and distal (fine) roots to the magnitude of the CR detected (Dietrich et al., 2012; Ellis et al., 2013; Cseresnyés et al., 2020; Peruzzo et al., 2020), several pot and field trials have convincingly demonstrated the efficiency of the capacitance method (Středa et al., 2020). One advantage of the technique is that, as the CR value is affected not only by the size but also by the histological properties of the roots (e.g. suberization), the method characterizes both root physiological status and its functionality (Ellis et al., 2013; Cseresnyés et al., 2018). Even though the measured capacitance is very sensitive to soil water content (SWC), this effect can be taken into account by converting the measured CR to saturation (apparent) capacitance, CR*, which was detected in experiments on water-saturated soil (Cseresn","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":"35 1","pages":"159-165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45963571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsoil compaction of a clay soil in South-East Norway and its amelioration after 5 years","authors":"T. Seehusen, A. Mordhorst, R. Riggert, H. Fleige, R. Horn, H. Riley","doi":"10.31545/INTAGR/135513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/INTAGR/135513","url":null,"abstract":"soil, structural regeneration, minimum tillage, conventional tillage","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":"35 1","pages":"145-157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43141630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of soil water and nitrate in furrow irrigation under different plastic mulch placement conditions for a maize crop: Field and modelling study","authors":"Ali Pahlevani, H. Ebrahimian, F. Abbasi, H. Fujimaki","doi":"10.31545/INTAGR/135338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/INTAGR/135338","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: ebrahimian@ut.ac.ir A b s t r a c t. The use of plastic mulch in furrow irrigation increases irrigation efficiency and improves crop yield. In this study, the effect of the placement of plastic mulch on the furrows and/or on the ridges on reducing water loss and nitrate leaching for furrow-fertigated maize was investigated. Field experiments were carried out including four different treatments which differed according to the placement of plastic mulch on a clay loam soil: plastic mulch on the ridge, plastic mulch on the furrow bed, plastic mulch on the ridge and the furrow bed and control treatment without the mulch. The HYDRUS-2D model was used to simulate water movement and nitrate transfer within the soil. The HYDRUS-2D model was well calibrated and validated using field data. Three irrigation scenarios were also compared including 125, 100 and 75% of the crop water requirement. In the case of using mulch and full irrigation (i.e. 100% crop water requirement), nitrate losses compared to the control treatment with 25% over-irrigation decreased by 52, 44, and 30%, in the the treatments of mulch on the furrow bed, mulch on the ridge and mulch on the ridge and the furrow bed, respectively. Deep percolation of irrigation water also decreased by 53, 48, and 41%, respectively. The use of plastic mulch on the furrow bed with less irrigation depth could be used to prevent water and nitrate losses in furrow irrigation.","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":"35 1","pages":"131-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46263065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated impacts of rainfall extremes on yield responses of various barley varieties in a temperate region","authors":"Chang Yong Yoon, Sojung Kim, K. An, Sumin Kim","doi":"10.31545/INTAGR/134142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/INTAGR/134142","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: sumin.kim@dankook.ac.kr **This work was supported by KEPCO Research Institute and by the Dongguk University Research Fund of 2020. A b s t r a c t. As population rises, more people need to be fed. With increasing income, the potential exists for increases in the demand for cereals (i.e., barley). Since barley has a high level of tolerance to environmental stressors, this crop has been recommended as a potential crop for food security in marginal environments. In this study, a crop growth Agricultural Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteria model, was parameterized and used to simulate the yields of two barley types grown in a temperate environment at a latitude of 35°N. In order to apply this crop model to barley, 19 years of field data were used to model calibration and validation. As a result, the ALMANAC model accurately simulated yields for both barley types. The validated model was used to predict yields under three diverse seasonal rainfall scenarios associated with different patterns of the Central Pacific El Niño influence. According to the simulation results, excessively high seasonal rainfall decreased barley yields. Crop price and annual revenue of the two barley types were also evaluated using a non-linear regression model. For the malt type, the food price was higher with a higher rainfall, while naked barley had a higher revenue under the conditions of a lower rainfall. K e y w o r d s: barley, rainfall, simulation, food cost, grain yield","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":"35 1","pages":"119-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43582670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameter calibration for the discrete element simulation model of commercial organic fertilizer","authors":"Can Xie, Jingwei Yang, Baoshuai Wang, Peng Zhuo, Chengsong Li, Lihong Wang","doi":"10.31545/INTAGR/134141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/INTAGR/134141","url":null,"abstract":"The application of organic fertilizer can effectively alleviate soil hardening and reduce environmental pollution, which is very important for the sustainable development of agriculture (Dong et al., 2010). With the development of ecological agriculture, the challenge of agricultural non-point source pollution control has resulted in the more widespread application of commercial organic fertilizer (Jiang et al., 2018). Commercial organic fertilizer is different from other fertilizers in terms of friction and flow characteristics due to the differences in moisture and chemical composition (Huang et al., 2017), while the existing feeders for commercial organic fertilizer produce a poor performance. In the process of fertilization, the discrete element method (DEM) has been widely used to study the interaction of typical bulk materials like soil, seed and fertilizer with agricultural equipment, as well as the relevant movement states (Huang et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2018; Hu et al., 2016; Molenda et al., 2011). In a discrete element simulation analysis, the accuracy of the parameters for the particle material model is the key to the reliability of the simulation (Zhong et al., 2009; Han et al., 2014; Gallego et al., 2020). However, the parameters for contact between materials in © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":"35 1","pages":"107-117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46338507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes to the physical properties of the soil after the passage of an agricultural tractor","authors":"J. Šimečková, A. Polcar, Anna Hammerová, J. Votava, V. Kumbár","doi":"10.31545/INTAGR/133752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/INTAGR/133752","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: vojtech.kumbar@mendelu.cz **This work was supported by the project ZETOR (EG15_ 019/0004799 – ZETOR TRACTORS a.s.) – Optimal aggregation of machines with a tractor (from 01.06.2017 to 31.08.2019). A b s t r a c t. The effect of the passage of agricultural machinery on the soil is influenced by, for example, the inflation pressure in tyres. This article describes the effect of different tyre inflation pressures (200 and 100 kPa) on selected physical soil properties in the field experiment. The undisturbed samples were collected both in and between the tracks at depths of 0 to 0.5 m and subsequently processed according to a valid methodology in the laboratory. The results indicate that fewer negative changes were found in the variant with a lower inflation pressure for all of the observed soil properties (front wheels load 2 990 kg and rear wheels 11 760 kg). However, the differences between the pressures were not statistically significant. The impact of different tyre pressures at greater depths has also not been proven to date. This may be attributed to the creation of a plough pan due to the long-term use of the minimization technique because the values of individual properties were balanced at a depth of 0.2 to 0.3 m. These depths do not react to further tractor compaction due to the accumulation of compaction. Changes to the values of soil physical properties caused by the passage of the tractor were statistically significant for both tyre pressure variants only at depths ranging from 0 to 0.1 m. K e y w o r d s: soil compaction, tyre inflation pressure, physical properties","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":"35 1","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44368684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of conservation tillage on yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soil mineral nitrogen and carbon content","authors":"Mahran Sadiq, Guang Li, Nasir Rahim, M. M. Tahir","doi":"10.31545/INTAGR/132363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/INTAGR/132363","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining a sustainable environment with a global food demand from a population of nine billion will be one of the defining challenges for the next generation. Currently, farmers and agriculture scholars are under considerable pressure due to the enhancement of worldwide food demands (Shah and Wei, 2019). According to UN predictions (2015), the worldwide population is set to reach at 9.7 billion by 2050, which probably means larger demands for grain production in the future. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is currently the most important cereal crop so it follows that it makes a vast contribution to universal food security. It is a chief constituent of the human diet which is responsible for meeting the majority of the calorie requirements of the human body. However, fulfilling worldwide food requirements is becoming ever more challenging due to stagnant crop productivity as well as the limited availability of arable land. Accordingly, an intensive cropping system and the maximum permissible level of inorganic fertilization have been used to attain higher crop production. Unfortunately, these approaches lead to reduced soil quality and environmental pollution (Guo et al., 2010). Therefore, in order to achieve a sustainable level of agriculture in the future, it is vitally important to maintain and enhance the soil nutrient status of © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":"35 1","pages":"83-95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47889542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating parameters of empirical infiltration models from the global dataset using machine learning","authors":"Seongyun Kim, G. Karahan, Manan Sharma, Y. Pachepsky","doi":"10.31545/INTAGR/132922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/INTAGR/132922","url":null,"abstract":"Infiltration is the key process of the hydrological cycle. Infiltration estimates are of paramount importance in flood and drought management, irrigation and drainage system design, groundwater recharge assessment, subsurface flow, and contaminant transport investigation and modelling. A large number of equations have been proposed to simulate and predict infiltration (Mishra et al., 2003). Both physics-based equations, e.g.: Brutsaert (1977), Green and Ampt (1911), Kutílek and Krejča (1987), Philip (1957), Swartzendruber (1987), and empirical equations, e.g. Kostiakov (1932), Horton (1940), Holtan (1961), Mezencev (1948) are in use. Infiltration measurements are both time consuming and labour-intensive and are therefore impractical for largescale projects. Such projects benefit from predictive models that relate the parameters of the infiltration equations to the readily available or more easily attainable site-specific data. Estimating the parameters of the infiltration equations from their soil and landscape properties has led to the development of special types of pedotransfer function (Pachepsky and Rawls, 2003). The parameters of various infiltration equations have been estimated using basic soil properties, © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":"35 1","pages":"73-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42665465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence and preference in the use of electron acceptors in flooded agricultural soils","authors":"T. Włodarczyk, M. Brzezińska, W. Stepniewski, U. Majewska, P. Szarlip, A. Księżopolska, M. Pazur","doi":"10.31545/INTAGR/132372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/INTAGR/132372","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: t.wlodarczyk@ipan.lublin.pl **The paper was partly financed by project No. NN310115338 sponsored by Ministry of Science in Poland (2010-2013). Ab s t r a c t. Specifically, it was tested whether the presence of O2 in the headspace modified the sequence and preference of electron acceptor use under hypoxic conditions after prolonged drought in arable soils. This laboratory study was conducted in order to examine the use of electron acceptors: oxygen (O2), nitrate (NO3 ̄) and nitrous oxide (N2O), during aerobic and anaerobic respiration (denitrification). Agricultural soils (Typic Dystrudepts) classified as sandy, silty and loamy soils from arable top soils (0-30 cm) were used in the study. The change of oxidation states of different chemical species in the soil affected the use of electron acceptors during denitrification. The use of O2, NO3 ̄ and net N2O use was gradual and differed greatly among the soils. Furthermore, microorganisms were shown to be able to use all three investigated electron acceptors simultaneously, but with clearly visible preferences. The rate of electron acceptor use per day differentiated the investigated soils into a few different groups. Overall, the results of this study indicated that N2O was a more preferable electron acceptor than NO3 ̄ when O2 was present in the headspace for the most investigated soils. Moreover, a correlation existed between the final electron acceptor use and particle-size distribution and the native organic C content (Corg). The rate of electron acceptor use per day calculated for O2, NO3 ̄ and N2O may provide very important information for distinguishing the preference of electron acceptor use during aerobic and nitrate respiration in agroecosystems under hypoxic conditions after prolonged drought for different kinds of electron acceptor. K e y w o r d s: electron acceptor use, N2O net use, O2 consumption, NO3 ̄ reduction, flooded soils after drought INTRODUCTION","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":"35 1","pages":"61-71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47633492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}