International Agrophysics最新文献

{"title":"Development of a machine vision system for the determination of some of the physical properties of very irregular small biomaterials","authors":"D. Kalantari, H. Jafari, Mohammad Kaveh, M. Szymanek, Ali Asghari, A. Marczuk, Esmail Khalife","doi":"10.31545/intagr/145920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/145920","url":null,"abstract":"nique is presented for the volume estimation of very irregular small biomaterials (wheat and rice-paddy grains). Two common cylindrical small biomaterials, the Alvand variety of wheat grain and the Neda variety of paddy grain were considered for examination. The captured images were exported to be processed by an image processing software (ImageJ) and the edge-extracted image was used in SolidWorks for the 3D reconstruction of the model. The revolved images in the SolidWork were used to estimate the volume of the examined grains. The estimated volume was then compared with the conventional mathematical expression and also with the real volume measurement using the fluid displacement method. Volume estimation using machine vision and image processing techniques has a considerably lower mean error (9.5%) in comparison to the mathematical error (14.7%). The average value of cylindricity for Alvand wheat was found to be equal to 82.34% at a moisture content of 11.83%. The new cylindricity factor had a significantly smaller standard deviation in comparison to the standard deviation of the sphericity factor for the examined cylindrical crops (61.5% for the wheat grains and 59.6% for the paddy grains). The new cylindricity factor can be used for the heat and mass transfer modelling of cylindrical crops. K e y w o r d s: machine vision, physical properties, volume, image processing, ImageJ, sphericity INTRODUCTION Huge postharvest losses occur in the handling and processing of high-quality food products and biomaterials due to the non-optimized design of certain equipment (Narendra et al., 2010). Cereals are one of the most prominent nutrition materials in Iranian food consumption. More than 50 percent of the nutrition material for each Iranian is provided by different kinds of breads (Mirasi et al., 2014). Therefore, a knowledge of the physical properties of the cereals is necessary for manufacturing optimized devices for handling, cleaning, conveying, storing and milling (Unal, 2009; Kalantari, 2016; Kalantari and Eshtavad, 2013). An understanding of the aeroand hydrodynamic properties of agricultural products is required for the movement of biomaterials by water or air and the separation of foreign materials from them. The density, shape and drag coefficient are the physical properties required to calculate the terminal velocity of an object in a fluid. In air transport or pneumatic separation, the air velocity is greater than the terminal velocity of the object. Moreover, for small biomaterials such as grains to descend slowly, the air velocity must be slightly lower than the terminal velocity. © 2022 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences D. KALANTARI et al. 28 Therefore, the shape of the biological material, i.e., spherical or cylindrical, has a very important role to play in grain flow through the discharge gates of silos and grain drills, as well as determining the air flow around the grains during movement which in turn allows for ","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44248121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of soil organic carbon and tillage systems on structural stability as quantified by the high energy moisture characteristic (HEMC) method","authors":"E. Farahani, H. Emami, P. Keshavarz","doi":"10.31545/intagr/145805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/145805","url":null,"abstract":"treatments which contained greater organic carbon, soil organic carbon stocks, and microbial biomass carbon, which results in a stable soil structure. The no-tillage system, which produced the maximum organic carbon and soil organic carbon stock among the tillage systems, showed the highest amounts of mean weight diameter (0.15 mm), and water-stable aggregates (92%). Our findings revealed that the high energy moisture characteristics method was highly sensitive to macroaggregate stability in water. K e y w o r d s: aggregate slaking, microbial activity, soil management, structural stability, Aridisols","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48031812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of relationship between head rice yield and breaking force of Japonica rice grains at different maturity stages","authors":"Li Yinian, Chen Yulun, D. Qishuo, He Ruiyin, Ding Weimin","doi":"10.31545/intagr/145545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/145545","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the most important crop in China and half of the food demand of China is made up of rice products. The rice planting area is 29.694 mln ha and the annual yield of rice was 200 mln t in 2019. Head rice yield (HRY) is among the most important indices for rice production, but there was also an optimal HRY during the rice maturity process. Rice caryopsis was filled with starch and protein matter, and the physical properties changed with the degree of maturity, however the degree of maturity and the physical properties of the rice grains at different maturity stages affected the HRY. The optimal rice harvest time with maximum HRY is only be determined using the rice moisture content (MC) at present, the rice MC is the result of the cultivation, environmental, and meteorological conditions, but it does not represent the real physical properties of rice grains, this is obviously unsatisfactory, instead HRY should be closely related to physical properties such as breaking force. On the other hand, structural differences exist between the dorsal side and ventral side, such as the size and shape of the starch granules (Xiong et al., 2005), the tissues on the ventral side were softer than those on the dorsal side and a higher number of airspaces and less starch were present © 2022 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47349517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biophysical methods used to generate tolerance to drought stress in seeds and plants: a review","authors":"Raúl Romero-Galindo, C. Hernández-Aguilar, A. Domínguez-Pacheco, J. Godina-Nava, Rumen Ivanov Tsonchev","doi":"10.31545/intagr/144951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/144951","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: clauhaj@yahoo.com A b s t r a c t. Drought stress has serious repercussions for agriculture, affecting crop growth with low yield effects concerning food production and food security. The main objective of this research is to conduct a scientific literature review of the physical methods used to generate tolerance to water stress in crops. (i) The most widely applied physical method to counteract the effects of drought stress is UV radiation, magnetic field application (18%), He-Ne and CO2 laser (18%), gamma radiation (9%) and plasma (6%). (ii) Treatments with ultraviolet light and magnetic fields have been applied mainly in cereals, vegetables, legumes, medicinal plants, and trees. Also, He-Ne, CO2 laser, and plasma in seeds in cereals and medicinal plants in the pre-sowing stage to seed level. Finally, gamma radiation has been applied to plants and seeds (grass, flowers, sugar plant). (iii) The reported physical methods can increase or decrease the biochemical variables under water stress depending on the physical method and radiation parameters applied, as well as the crop, level of drought and the environment in which the plants develop. Thus, UV radiation, magnetic fields, gamma radiation, and He-Ne and CO2 lasers are physical methods that produce seed and plant improvement effects. K e y w o r d s: physical methods, drought stress, seed conditioning, tolerance to water stress","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47444523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foamed bioplastics: a review","authors":"M. Combrzyński, Ö. Özmen","doi":"10.31545/intagr/145289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/145289","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: maciej.combrzynski@up.lublin.pl A b s t r a c t. Based on a literature review, the development and importance of foamed bioplastics in the context of conventional materials has been discussed in the paper. Raw materials, technological aspects, types of products (including a new generation of bioplastics), their advantages and disadvantages as well as user expectations are presented. Despite considerable progress, especially in the formulation of new raw material compositions, there is still a need to continue research work on the application of different techniques in the production of biodegradable porous packaging materials. It still remains the current primary goal – to produce products with physical characteristics that are comparable with those of petroleum based plastic. K e y w o r d s: physical properties, foams, porous materials, bioplastics, starch-based packaging materials","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44533757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of biochar on soil water and temperature, nutrients, and yield of maize/soybean and maize/peanut intercropping systems","authors":"Ce Luan, Wei He, Xunfan Su, Xuanming Wang, Y. Bai, Lixue Wang","doi":"10.31545/intagr/144133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/144133","url":null,"abstract":"Intercropping is an important agricultural planting technique that improves resource utilization efficiency through interactions between different crop species (Chen et al., 2010). The implementation of a reasonable intercropping strategy could improve the efficiency with which plants utilize light, temperature, fertilizer, water and other natural resources, it could also reduce the risk of pests, diseases, and weed competition and increase the yield per unit area (Oswald et al., 2002; Hussain et al., 2020). The annual area in China sown under intercropping conditions is more than 2.8×10 ha, among which the area of legume intercropping exceeds 1×10 ha (Miao et al., 2011). Therefore, continuous improvement in the production of the intercropping planting model is important to ensure food security. Because legumes can obtain nitrogen from the atmosphere through biological nitrogen fixation, the intercropping of Gramineae and Leguminosae species can enhance yields, this has been confirmed by previous studies (Green et al., 2019). When intercropped with grasses, legumes can act as nutrient donors for grass crops, thereby increasing the nitrogen utilization rate (Pirhofer et al., 2012). In addition, the intercropping of Gramineae species and legumes allows for the optimization of the temporal and spatial growth patterns of the above ground and underground parts, which has the potential not only to promote the efficient use of resources such as light and © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46870419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tritordeum – the content of basic nutrients in grain and the morphological and anatomical features of kernels","authors":"E. Suchowilska, W. Radawiec, M. Wiwart","doi":"10.31545/intagr/144592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/144592","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: marian.wiwart@uwm.edu.pl **This work was financially supported by Minister of Education and Science in the range of the program entitled “Regional Initiative of Excellence” for the years 2019-2022, Project No. 010/ RID/2018/19, amount of funding 12.000.000 PLN. A b s t r a c t. The nutrient content and the morphological and anatomical features of kernels were compared for 11 breeding lines of tritordeum and three Triticum durum cultivars. The kernel shape descriptors were examined using digital image analysis, and the contents of four basic nutrients were determined. Tritordeum grain had a significantly higher content of protein, fat, ash and fibre than durum wheat grain. In turn, the values of one kernel weight, kernel thickness and hardness were significantly lower in tritordeum. Tritordeum kernels are elongated, relatively small, with a deep crease and a small cross-sectional area. All lines differed considerably with regard to the examined phenotypic attributes. Tritordeum lines and the reference cultivars were most effectively distinguished based on fibre content, spike length, spikelet number per spike, and kernel number and weight per spike. One kernel weight, whole kernel area, crease depth, and the distance from the bottom of the crease to the kernel edge were the least distinguishing traits. The results indicate that tritordeum grain can accumulate more than 19% protein and 43% more fibre than durum wheat in Central Europe. The examined tritordeum lines are highly promising despite the fact that their yield potential is twice lower compared to modern T. durum cultivars. K e y w o r d s: tritordeum, basic nutrients, cross section, grain, shape analysis INTRODUCTION","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41780350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of mycorrhizae to sustainable and ecological agriculture: a review","authors":"A. Jamiołkowska, B. Skwaryło-Bednarz, A. H. Thanoon, Weronika Kursa","doi":"10.31545/intagr/144249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/144249","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: barbara.skwarylo@up.lublin.pl A b s t r a c t. The aim of the paper is to discuss, on the basis of the recent scientific literature, the potential of mycorrhizae as an important biological factor supporting crop production. Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a multifunctional phenomenon, therefore it should play an important role in sustainable and organic agriculture, but it is still underused. The article focuses on the influence of mycorrhizae on nutrient uptake by plants, as well as exploring the importance of mycorrhizal fungi in promoting plant growth and improving yield quality. Mycorrhizal fungi are factors which limit plant stresses, thereby indirectly contributing to a reduction in the consumption of agrochemicals. The results of many studies show that mycorrhizal symbiosis plays an important role in essential ecosystem processes by regulating the microbiological relationships in the soil, thereby creating a permanent soil structure and protecting it from air and water erosion. The detailed functioning and regulation of these mycorrhizosphere processes and their significance for plants are widely described in the scientific literature, however, the use of mycorrhizae in agriculture is still insufficient. Particular attention should be paid to the potential benefits of mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture, as well as for ecological and safe plant production. K e y w o r d s: sustainable agriculture, mycorrhiza, ecology plant diseases, plant toxicity","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49272458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation and path analysis of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) yield vs root traits and relative water content as affected by Azotobacter, mycorrhizal symbiosis and biochar application under dry-land farming conditions","authors":"R. Mesbah, M. Ardakani, A. Moghaddam, F. Rafiei","doi":"10.31545/intagr/143945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/143945","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the excessive consumption of chemical fertilizers in combination with increasing production costs has led to the destruction of soil, water and biological resources (Gebhardt et al., 2017). Hence, in order to reduce the traces of chemical fertilizers in the environment and maximize the economic use of fertilizers, biofertilizers are considered to be a promising alternative approach to maintain and impr ove agroecosystems (Gao et al., 2020). These biofertilizers are mainly based on beneficial microorganisms which have the effect of enhancing soil fertility and plant growth by increasing the number and biological activity of useful microorganisms in the rhizosphere (Gao et al., 2020). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most effective microbial symbiotic organisms for improving the growth and yield of the majority (90%) of plants (Ardakani et al., 2009; Ahanger et al., 2014; Tarnabi et al., 2019). The symbiotic relationship between plants and mycorrhizal constitutes a link between the biotic and the geochemical portions of the ecosystem, and such a relationship may be © 2021 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences R. MESBAH et al. 320 considered to be a bridge connecting the root with the surrounding soil microhabitats (Larsen et al., 2017). Inoculating soil with AMF results in the formation of more constant masses and significantly higher extra-radical hyphal mycelium than the non-AMF-treated soils (Samarbakhsh et al., 2009; Syamsiyah et al., 2018). In low moisture conditions in the soil, the available water for plants is limited (Dai, 2012). Hence, all plant physiological processes such as cell turgidity, photosynthetic processes, growth of the root, tissue and organs are influenced (Sheteiwy et al., 2021). AMF can enhance plant tolerance to various environmental stresses by improving the acquisition of mineral nutrients and water (Baum et al., 2015) and it can also affect the water balance of both amply watered and droughtstressed host plants (Sheteiwy et al., 2021). Moreover, AMF improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and in particular, the soil structure. Additionally, AMF symbiosis enhanced the activity of soil microbial enzymes (El-Sawah et al., 2021). The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) was used for the first time at the end of the 1970s in many key ecosystem processes, in such forms as bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides (Gao et al., 2020). Recent studies have reported that bio-fertilizers can promote plant growth through nitrogen fixation, phytohormone, phosphate (P), and potassium solubilization (Bashan and de-Bashan, 2005). To reduce the harmful effects of agrochemicals with regard to tobacco leaf quality, the use of biofertilizers and nature-based compounds such as biochar are becoming established as essential agroecological practices for plant production. Biochar is a carbon-rich material obtained by pyrolysis using various biomasses (Major et al., 2010; Soliman et al","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48331545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil degradation mitigation in continental climate in young vineyards planted in Stagnosols","authors":"Leon Josip Telak, P. Pereira, Igor Bogunović","doi":"10.31545/intagr/143268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/143268","url":null,"abstract":"*Corresponding author e-mail: leonjosip.telak@gmail.com **This work was supported by the Croatian Science Foundation through the project \"Soil erosion and degradation in Croatia\" (UIP-2017-05-7834) (SEDCRO) (2018-2023). A b s t r a c t. Intensive soil management in vineyards makes them vulnerable to the degradation of physical characteristics and soil erosion. Sustainable management practices in young vineyards should be adopted to ensure soil longevity and ecosystem stability. The aim of this research was to compare the effects of grass-covering and straw-mulching on the mitigation of soil degradation through the reduction of chemical and physical soil degradation and initial soil erosion. The soil sampling and rainfall simulations were performed in an immature vineyard, which was established in Stagnosol, in a semi-humid climate in order to study the intrinsic relationships between soil properties and soil degradation/erosion. The grass-covering treatment significantly increased the values of soil organic matter, mean weight diameter, water-stable aggregates, ponding and runoff times, and significantly reduced the values of water runoff, sediment concentration, sediment loss, carbon loss, phosphorous loss and as a consequence, increased the available phosphorous, and soil water content. The opposite result was observed for the tilled treatment. Straw-mulching did not affect soil properties, however it decreased water, soil, and nutrient losses. Grass-covering is highlighted as the most sustainable soil management strategy as it mitigates water, sediment and nutrient losses in young vineyards. K e y w o r d s: Croatia, soil erosion, rainfall simulation, grasscovering, straw-mulching","PeriodicalId":13959,"journal":{"name":"International Agrophysics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49281657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}