Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia最新文献

{"title":"Multivectorness as a Way Out of the Impasse of Strategic Vulnerability","authors":"E. Ponomareva","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch11","url":null,"abstract":": The Balkans remains a zone of strategic vulnerability aggravated by the struggle of major global political actors for Serbia, a country that has long been trying to preserve a relative political and military neutrality. Despite serious upheavals at the turn of the 20 th and 21 st centuries, including the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the bombings by NATO, the “divorce” with Montenegro and the creation of the “Republic of Kosovo,” Belgrade has been managing to balance between two major poles of attraction – the EU-NATO and Russia, which fits into the concept of multivectorness. Given all geographic, historical, cultural and economic determinism of European integration, Serbia’s final choice of the European vector is complicated by two sensitive and problematic matters – the need to recognize the “Republic of Kosovo” and the inclusion in the military and political framework of NATO. Moreover, the first issue entails substantial political and civilizational risks, both for the Western Balkans and the European Union as a whole, let alone a dramatic internal split of the Serbian society over the possible recognition of the newly formed independent Albanian entity. On the other hand, Russia, which has unique image opportunities and, unlike the EU, does not aspire to play the role of an “empire by invitation”, is a natural counterbalance to the Euro-Atlantic pressure on Belgrade. The situation is further complicated by the fact that the existing historical dualism of multivectorness is being disrupted by the emergence of China, a new player in the Balkans. By solely economic levers, Beijing has been solving the strategic problems of penetration into European markets and simultaneously smoothly, but sequentially superseding Russia as Serbia’s main alternative to the West. The article analyzes the tactic employed by Chinese companies and concludes that there has been a growing concealed competition between the People’s Republic of China and the Russian Federation for the place of the main non-European actor not only in Serbia but in the Balkans as a whole. In such circumstances, by preserving the policy of multivectorness (despite all criticism of the concept), Serbia may find a way out of the impasse of strategic vulnerability, i.e., to achieve a if only short-term, of the status quo of political,","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117334872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syrian Refugees and Turkish Political Parties: Domestic Interests Versus Universal Values","authors":"Birgül Demirtaş","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch10","url":null,"abstract":"The open-door policy of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi AKP) government during the early years of the Syrian conflict led to the inflow of more than 3.6 million Syrian refugees to the country in eight years. This great migration wave turned Turkey into the host of the biggest number of refugees in the world, surpassing the record of Pakistan. At the beginning of the migration wave, both political parties and the public had a welcoming attitude towards the migrants that had to flee from the Syrian civil war. However, in a few years, this attitude started to change rapidly and radically. This study aims to compare attitudes of the five biggest political parties represented in the Turkish Grand National Assembly towards the incoming migrants: the AKP, the CHP (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi – the Republican People’s Party), the MHP (Milliyetçi Halk Partisi – the Nationalist Action Party), the HDP (Halkların Demokrasi Partisi – the People’s Democratic Party) and the Good Party (İyi Parti). Why do some political parties have a pro-refugee attitude, like the JDP? How do they legitimise their policy? How did the JDP’s migration policy evolve over time? Why are some of the political parties, like the İyi Party, perceiving the existence of refugees from a negative perspective? Why do they want to send refugees back? What kind of similarities and differences are there among political parties on the migration issue? Political parties’ attitudes towards refugees represent their construction of self-identity and identity of others. Therefore, this study also aims to shed light on the debates of political parties on the Turkish identity as well.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126406817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serbian People and the European Union: A Sad Story With an Unknown End","authors":"Miša Đurković","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130418467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary Relations of Serbia and China in a Changing World","authors":"D. Dimitrijević","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch16","url":null,"abstract":": The contemporary relations of the Republic of Serbia with the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter: Serbia and China) are conditioned by many political, legal, economic and social factors. Although these factors determine the mutual relations between the two countries, in the end, these factors do not limit the great opportunities for developing good and friendly relations imbued with mutual respect and trust. Even more so, in the historical and international legal sense, the relations of the two countries are characterized by the continuity of diplomatic relations established on 2 January 1955 between the then Federal People’s Republic Yugoslavia and the People’s Republic of China. Serbia as the successor state of SFR Yugoslavia continues to treat China as one of its most important partners in international relations, which is manifested through the foreign policy course, according to which China is one of the main ‘pillars’ of Serbia’s foreign policy alongside the European Union, Russia and the United States. Hence, the mere mention of ‘pillars’ in Serbia’s foreign policy orientation indicates that China is a key player in international politics for Serbia and a great power with which it should build its relations and deepen its friendship in accordance with the already established policy framework on the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. This approach should come as no surprise since the development of Serbian-Chinese relations at the bilateral and multilateral levels (especially at the UN, regional international organizations and political forums, such as the ‘17 + 1’ cooperation mechanism between China and Central and Eastern European countries) contributes to a better strategic positioning of Serbia and China in the world of global change. competences encompasses the integration of the theory of international relations and its functionalist approach.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115717318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian Vector in Serbian Politics: Impacts and Outcomes on Regional Relations","authors":"Dušan Proroković","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch13","url":null,"abstract":": The thesis of Russian malignant influence has been one of the key factors of the homogenization of the EU foreign policy since 2014. Although it has been declared that full EU membership is Serbia’s strategic goal, in this period, we are detecting Belgrade’s intensive collaboration with Russia. The number of bilateral meetings has been increased, the number of interstate agreements has multiplied, military cooperation intensified, and public opinion towards Russia is more positive than negative (which can be seen in the results of opinion polls). Serbia is striving for the EU, but its foreign policy is not at all in line with the proclaimed foreign policy goals of the EU and other key European countries (Germany, France, the UK). To some extent, it can even be stated that Serbia remains the last ‘island of Russophilia’ west of the border of Belarus. The question is: why? This article first analyzes the historical and political reasons for strengthening Russian influence in Serbia, as well as Serbia’s interests to work more closely with Russia, regardless of the EU. Then, the ‘character of the Russian vector’ on Serbian politics will be examined - its political, economic, and military dimension. The third part of the paper seeks to answer the question: how will it affect regional relations? The fourth part is the concluding considerations.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121368500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Republic of Serbia and the Belt and Road Initiative","authors":"Ivona Lađevac","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch17","url":null,"abstract":": In 2013, President of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping, launched the One Belt One Road Initiative, later abbreviated as the Belt and Road Initiative. Surprisingly or not, the initiative became widely accepted. The Republic of Serbia was among the countries that warmly welcomed it and decided to join. This article gives an insight into the results that Serbia has achieved participating in this initiative so far. Besides, the author tried to determine if this political decision had influenced the Republic of Serbia’s position in international relations and if it did to what extent. Although the BRI was launched in 2013, the time context of this paper starts earlier in order not to neglect Serbia and China’s bilateral relations that have been ascending for decades. The quality of their relations was never conditioned by undeniable disproportion in population, territory or economic strength. Their linkage was based on mutual understanding and respect for the international law norms and principles.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121351933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The World ‘Shattering’: Patterns of Restructuring of the World Geopolitical System","authors":"Mihajlo Kopanja, Nenad Stekić","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch4","url":null,"abstract":": This paper aims to investigate patterns of the world geopolitical system restructuring at the beginning of the third decade of the 21 st century. With the rise of great and regional powers in the world geopolitical system, a state of equilibrium established following the end of the Cold War is being undermined. In an epoch of the world system disequilibrium, there exists a preponderance for conflict throughout the system, especially in the regions lying between different geostrategic realms. By employing the theoretical approach developed by Saul Bernard Cohen, this paper strives to tackle the question of how the rise of the power of great and regional powers affects the structure of the world geopolitical system. The assumption is that the rise of the power of great and regional powers of the world geopolitical system will lead to `compressing` and `shattering` of geopolitical regions that lie between them. By analyzing the restructuring patterns, this paper demonstrates that the regions lying between different geostrategic realms will become increasingly more „compressed” and „shattered”. Through the analysis of the change in the order of power between states, this paper will provide an overview of the regions most affected by the relations between great and regional powers and their future prospects.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115011953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alignment of the Republic of Serbia with the Common Foreign, Security and Defense Policy of the EU: Obligations, Achievements, and Challenges","authors":"Ana Jovic-Lazic","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: As an EU candidate country, Serbia has obligations to show its willingness to align with the Union’s common positions and joint actions in the CFSP/CSDP, support its positions in international organizations, take part in EU military and civil missions, and impose sanctions and other restrictive EU measures. Explanatory and bilateral screening meetings between Serbia and the European Union in the area of the Common Foreign, Security and Defense Policy were held in 2014. However, the European Commission Screening Report for Chapter 31, which covers this area, has not yet been adopted. Meanwhile, relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation have been significantly damaged by the Ukrainian crisis, and mutual sanctions were imposed. In such a complex international environment, Serbia wants to demonstrate its commitment to European integration while trying not to disrupt traditionally good relations and political and economic cooperation with Russia. Apparently, the consequences of the changes in international relations on a global level have affected the process of Serbia’s alignment with the EU in the area of the Common Foreign, Security, and Defense Policy. Unfortunately, if the current state of affairs persists, this could affect the overall integration process and Serbia’s European perspective.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"334 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121685171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Security in the Western Balkans – Current State and Prospects","authors":"P. Ćeranić, Velibor Lazić","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch7","url":null,"abstract":": This paper examines the security in the Western Balkans in the context of current social happenings. In this regard, the dominant problems in the region itself were identified as external influences, and their implications for the security in the region analyzed. The theoretical framework for the analysis is the Regional Security Complex Theory developed by the Copenhagen School of Security Studies. The Western Balkans is geopolitically a very important region, and current problems pose a great challenge to the Western Balkan countries, the European Union and other key actors with geopolitical interests in this region. First, this paper gives a brief overview of the geopolitics of the Western Balkans, then it analyzes the current security dynamics and outlines the prospect of the Western Balkans regional security subcomplex. Due to different interests, particularly those of the Western Balkan countries and other geopolitical actors who have or aspire to have greater influence in this region, the prospects for the Western Balkans look very uncertain. The complex relations in the region, guided by different external influences and different interests of the Western Balkan countries, are much closer to the security regime, including the possibility of an eruption of conflicts or becoming a conflict formation.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133147713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}