Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia最新文献

{"title":"The Western Balkans: The EU Border Outsourcing Process and Its Impact on the Balkan Region","authors":"Ruth Ferrero-Turrión","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch6","url":null,"abstract":": During the so-called refugee crisis of 2015 and 2016, the European Union launched a strategy to contain migration flows based on three main pillars: securitization, externalization and criminalization of help. In this paper, we will focus on the externalization or border outsourcing to third countries, particularly towards the Western Balkans. The implementation of the Action Plan approved by the EU and the countries of the region, together with different reforms on the asylum and refugees’ rules and regulations in some EU countries, as well as the enlargement of the Safe Countries list towards the Western Balkans countries and Turkey, has had an impact in the region. Issues such as how the humanitarian crisis has impacted the Western Balkans countries or changes in the conditionality demands towards these countries based on cooperation on the outsourcing process will be addressed. Our main point of departure is that more attention towards this region has been paid by the EU due to the so-called refugee crisis, and the commitments agreed among Brussels and the Western Balkans countries to deal with it have had more importance to the EU than the progress achieved by these countries. On the other hand, we will state that the Western Balkans have been used as a buffer to contain migration flows under the excuse of the conditionality principle. Both facts have had an impact on the region in two main aspects. The first one, is related to the human mobility of Balkan citizens towards the EU countries, with or without visa liberalization. Second, by affecting regional cooperation and trust among these countries and other Balkans countries already in the EU. Our main conclusion is that the security and stability strategy implemented by the EU in the Western Balkans countries has led to a backstop in the democratic reforms of these countries, together with a loss of influence and presence perception of the EU in the region in favor of other actors less demanding in terms of protection of the rule of law, pluralism or democratization.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125336543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political and Economic Roots of the Turbulent Political System, or Why and How the World of 1991–2021 Was Born","authors":"A. Fursov","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch2","url":null,"abstract":": The world political system of the last 30 years (since December 1989) is characterized by immense and growing turbulence: more and more acts of Western aggression (Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya), more and more local conflicts to the benefit of transnational corporations, more and more grey zones (the latter fact reflects both the ‘fading away’ of the nation-state and the criminalization of world politics and world economy). Is there one single factor explaining these events, or do we just have a mosaic of disorderly chaos? Being far from cheap conspirology discourse and working strictly within the political-economic approach to the history of the capitalist system, which is largely a cryptohistory, the author thinks that the fact determining the turbo transformation of world politics is the dismantling of the capitalist system (The fact that this system does not correspond to the current world is acknowledged officially even by the ‘wizards of Davos’). Partly it is elemental, but to a larger extent, it is the process of chaos organized by global elites. The problem is that in the process of the battle for the future, first, there are more and more contradictions between rival elite groups (the Anglo-Saxons and Europeans, moderate and radical globalists, financiers and industrialists, etc., let alone occult differences), and, secondly, the process of dismantling spins out of control increasingly. This creates a combination of organized and disorderly chaos in world politics, which makes it difficult to analyze it adequately.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123842090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled Chaos Strategy and Instruments for Its Realization in Serbia: Communication and Psychological Aspect","authors":"Siniša Atlagić","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114108185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The EU Global Strategy – A Possible Framework for Deepening Cooperation with the Republic of Serbia in the Defence Domain","authors":"M. Glišić, B. Đorđević, Dejan Stojković","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch18","url":null,"abstract":": This paper deals with the research question of how the implementation process of A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy in the area of security and defence affects a possible deepening of cooperation with the Republic of Serbia in the defence domain. The authors analyse the EU’s Implementation Plan on Security and Defence, the Commission’s European Defence Action Plan, and the EU-NATO Joint Declarations to identify opportunities for improvement of cooperation between the Republic of Serbia and the European Union. The tested general hypothesis within this research is the following: the EU Global Strategy implementation has a positive impact on defence cooperation with the Republic of Serbia, and also for engagement within the Common Security and Defence Policy, and provides concrete deliverables through several different ways thereby enhancing the integrative capacities for the EU membership. Taking into consideration the above-mentioned, this paper seeks to find out how the implementation of the EU Global Strategy can trigger deeper cooperation with the Republic of Serbia in the area of defence using: (1) actions proposed within the Implementation Plan on Security and Defence – such as to set capabilities development priorities, adjust structures, tools The paper presents findings of a study developed as a part of the research project “Serbia and challenges in international relations in 2020”, of Education, Science, and of the Republic of Serbia, and conducted Institute of International Politics and Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia in World and instruments as well as to take forward partnerships; (2) opportunities provided by the European Defence Action Plan for supporting investments in joint research and the joint development of defence equipment and technologies; and (3) facilities for cooperation with the European Union and NATO in the framework of EU-NATO Joint Declarations in the areas of hybrid threats, operational cooperation, cyber security, defence capabilities, industry and research, exercises and capacity building. Through a detailed analysis and modelling of different circumstances and factors, we can conclude that almost each of the above contents in certain segments provides positive conditions for enhanced cooperation between the Republic of Serbia and the European Union.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133019353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Analysis of Main Macroeconomic Indicators – A Comparative Study of Serbia and the Selected See Countries","authors":"Darko Marjanović, J. Zubović","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The analysis of the main macroeconomic indicators is important to show the overall state of the economy, predict its stability and enable investors, above all, to respond in a timely manner to sudden or unpredictable events. Accordingly, it can be said that the main macroeconomic indicators describe the state and efficiency of each national economy. The main objective of the paper is to present the current economic situation in the observed countries by looking at macroeconomic indicators: real GDP, unemployment rate, consumer and producer price, gross foreign direct investment, and total government debt. The subject of the paper is focused on comparative analysis of major macroeconomic indicators in the selected SEE countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia). In order to get a clear picture of the current state of each of these economies, the secondary data for 2018 and the first two quarters of 2019 will be used in the analysis, all with the task of presenting any problems that may exist and their possible solutions. Comparing Serbia’s position vis-à-vis other SEE countries, it can be concluded that it has transformed into a growing economy with low inflation, fiscal surpluses, declining public debt, lowering external imbalance, and a recovery in the labour market. It is expected that the growth trend will continue in the coming period, which will result in even better economic development and increased openness to new investments.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"16 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132285649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is There a Universal Pattern for Reconciliations? Successes and Failures of European and Asian Reconciliation as a Tool for the Balkans?","authors":"Olga Barbasiewicz","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch9","url":null,"abstract":": The postwar period brought not only the division of the world into two hostile camps but also the need to reconcile and work through the past wrongdoings. The world was amazed by Willy Brandt’s knee-fall in Warsaw in 1970, and some of the countries took that as an example of the perfect reconciliation. Nonetheless, Polish-German apologies were not the ones that washed away all blame. The war memories still raise many emotions among the two nations. However, Japan and Korea, two allied democracies that still struggle with the war memories, frequently point to the European neighbors as a perfect example of reconciliation. The aim of this paper is to verify the strengths and weaknesses of European and Asian reconciliation and to find among them the working patterns for the Balkans, as well as the failures that should not be repeated.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127712402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Foreign Policy Resilience in the 21st Century: The Concept of Commonwealth","authors":"Ramachandra Byrappa","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch3","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the international system is in disarray. One rarely knows who is a friend and who is a foe, and for how long. In such a conjuncture, integrating into dense institutional frameworks or alliances could be seen as the obvious thing to do. It could mean stability and anchor in a stormy world political system. But the reality could be something quite the opposite. Big and powerful countries can pretend to have bellwether foreign policy strategies. The same cannot be said of small countries, especially countries like Serbia, who are seeking to navigate in the middle lane. Here, what is required is flexibility, to be abreast of crises and stay afloat. Today’s international system pushes agile foreign policy systems to seek shelter under practical and functional concepts and methods which provide leeway and latitude. Most importantly, they are looking for accommodation of both divergence and cooperation under an ethic of equality. For this reason, it is my opinion that the value of the “commonwealth” as a concept should be re-assessed and made more adaptable for today’s foreign policy needs. Loose systems of associations will have the advantage of keeping channels of communication open and, at the same time, preserve the much cherished national sovereignty. For countries like Serbia, the system of the commonwealth would allow for the maximisation of national control over its destiny and preserve its resilience.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123656937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Balkans as Geopolitical Periphery of Eastern Europe – Past Implications for an Uncertain Future","authors":"Vladimir Trapara","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch5","url":null,"abstract":"In the post-Cold War period, the Balkan Peninsula experienced the issue of “Balkanization” – fragmentation of once compact multiethnic political space – similar to the one it had already experienced in the 19th and early 20th century. Both historical instances of Balkanization countered wider European integrative trends of the time. A historical comparison between the first and the second Balkanization finds the cause for this “repeating” of history in an extraordinary geopolitical position of the peninsula as the periphery of geopolitically significant Eastern Europe. As a theoretical framework, Miller-Kagan’s patterns of great powers’ involvement in regional conflicts are used, alongside with geopolitical classic Halford Mackinder’s concept of Eastern Europe. The main thesis is that due to the peripheral position of the Balkans within Eastern Europe, the great powers’ influence in the region has been continuously limited – instead of opting for integration like they did in Central-East Europe (a region of higher priority) they allowed local actors to balkanize their political space. However, the Balkans was just a pioneer of the first Balkanization – after World War I the process spread throughout Eastern Europe. Signs that the second Balkanization is also spreading – not only in Eastern Europe (with further fragmentation of the post-Soviet space) but also throughout the EU (with the rise of sovereignism due to the migrant crisis, as well as with regional separatism in several Western European countries) – are clearly visible. The conclusion is that in times of global uncertainty, explaining historical similarities could help in answering the challenges before they arise.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133721670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Western Balkans’ Energy Security in a Triangle: The Role of the EU, Russia and Turkey","authors":"Nevena Sekaric, V. Lazic","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch8","url":null,"abstract":": One of the key dimensions of vivid security dynamics in the Western Balkans is concerned with its energy security, especially when considering its specific geographical position within crossed energy transportation routes between East and West. The international pipeline connection of diverse states into one regional cluster made the theme of energy security in terms of natural gas very important. The main research question is: What makes the state-of-the-art in the Western Balkans’ energy security within the context of growing Turkey’s role, besides the EU and Russia? Consequently, the main hypothesis refers to the increasing role of Turkey in the Western Balkans’ energy security. Reorienting of the EU and Russia to the supplying of South Europe via southern pipelines resulted in the increased role of Turkey in terms of the new ‘energy hub’. The energy security dynamics of the Western Balkans will be examined through case studies regarding the Southern Gas Corridor and the Turk Stream, which are making Turkey a significant actor on the East-West energy supply route. According to the already mentioned regional nature of pipelines, the analysis will shed light on the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) and its main concepts, such as geographical proximity of these actors and their historical and cultural relations. In accordance, the role of Turkey as an insulator state in terms of RSCT will be revised. The analysis employed a literature review and qualitative content analysis of key political and security statements and media releases as well, made in regard to energy actors identified. Although the quantitative data sources were consulted, the research is of a predominantly qualitative nature.","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128529232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serbia, Between East and West","authors":"Alexis Troude","doi":"10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18485/iipe_balkans_rssc.2020.ch12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":139511,"journal":{"name":"Security Challenges and the Place of the Balkans and Serbia","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116372376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}