{"title":"Joint Antenna Selection and Power Allocation for Clustered Downlink NOMA Networks With Alamouti Space-Time Block Coding","authors":"Reem T. Akasha, Mohammed W. Baidas","doi":"10.1002/dac.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, the problem of joint antenna selection and power allocation (J-AS-PA) for Alamouti space-time block coding (STBC)-based clustered downlink nonorthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) networks is considered. Essentially, the aim is to assign a pair of antennas to each user cluster and perform power allocation to maximize the network sum-rate, while satisfying quality-of-service (QoS) requirements for all users. However, the problem is nonconvex and computationally-expensive. In turn, it is split into two subproblems; antenna selection, and power allocation over each (user cluster, antenna pairs) combination, and then solved via a two-stage solution procedure. In Stage 1, antenna selection is solved using the stable marriage matching algorithm, whereas the power allocation problem is reformulated as a concave maximization problem. In Stage 2, a swap matching algorithm is devised to ensure stability and further improve the network sum-rate. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed solution procedure achieves a near-optimal network sum-rate in comparison with the global optimal J-AS-PA scheme, and is superior to the OMA-based network. Not only that, but the Alamouti-based schemes will be shown to outperform the conventional non-Alamouti STBC counterpart schemes, which is due to the spatial-diversity gains. Lastly, light is shed on the effect of imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) and channel state information (CSI), where the Alamouti-based schemes demonstrate more robustness against SIC and CSI errors than other benchmark schemes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Circularly Polarized MIMO Antenna With Asymmetries in Circular Patch for mmWave Applications","authors":"Deepak Solanki, Ajay Parmar, Priyanshi Malviya, Leeladhar Malviya","doi":"10.1002/dac.70129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At high frequency, linearly polarized antennas are not good choices for long distance communication because of wave polarization. Circularly polarized antennas are perfect choice to overcome the mismatch or wave polarization at high frequencies. Variety of planar antennas have been reported in last two decades for the millimeter wave applications. Due to high metal and dielectric losses, most of the 4G laminates are limited in use for 5G trans-receive operations. In this research, a compact circularly polarized multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with asymmetries in circular patch is designed for 5G mmWave band. The MIMO antenna with multiple sectoral slots at different angles and half-moon shaped slot is designed on Rogers 5880 substrate of size <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>5.98</mn>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 <mn>2.99</mn>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 <mn>0.07</mn>\u0000 <mi>λ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ 5.98lambda times 2.99lambda times 0.07lambda $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. The proposed antenna covers the 2:1 VSWR frequency band of 25.45–32.92 GHz and axial ratio band of 26.24–29.88 GHz. The operating bandwidth is 7.47 GHz, and the axial ratio bandwidth is 3.64 GHz. The presented design achieves gain of more than 5.8 dBi and more than 91.72% radiation efficiency in band. The maximum value of the gain in band is 6.68 dBi. The ECC is in the range of 10<sup>−2</sup> in the whole operating band, and MEG in the design is less than −3 dB for XPR = 0 dB for both the isotropic and Gaussian environments and also less than −3 dB for XPR = 6 dB for Gaussian environment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CBEAOR: An Energy Aware Optimal Clustering and Routing Protocol for Sustainable IoT Healthcare Networks","authors":"Arthi Kalidasan, Chidhambara Rajan B","doi":"10.1002/dac.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of numerous smart sensors and physical devices connected via the internet. It can be used in many areas like agriculture, military, environmental and pollution control, smart cities, and health care (HC). Because IoT devices are resource-constrained in nature, energy consumption (EC), battery lifetime, and frequent and reliable communication are challenging issues to handle when transmitting medical data from the patient to the hospital via the wireless channel. Clustering and routing techniques are considered better solutions to offer energy-efficient communication for IoT applications with extended network lifetimes (NL). Most existing techniques treated clustering and routing as separate solutions in the IoT network. So there is a need for a framework to offer both clustering and routing optimally and efficiently. This paper proposes a novel clustering-based optimal routing (CBEAOR) methodology for IoT-HC systems to attain the network's maximum level of energy utilization and lifetime. Initially, a modified K-means (MKM) clustering algorithm is proposed for the creation of clusters. Further, the optimal cluster heads (CHs) are chosen according to the enhanced arithmetic optimization algorithm (EAOA). After CHs selection, the highly disruptive polynomial mutation an adaptive inertia weighted grasshopper optimization algorithm (HAGOA) is applied for the optimum selection of routes to destinations. The simulations were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The performance is evaluated for different number of nodes; when number of nodes is 250, energy consumption, throughput and packet delivery rate (PDR) are 0.274 mj, 0.956% and 97.87%. The results proved that the proposed CBEAOR achieves superior performance than the existing routing models.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated Clustering and Optimization for IoT Sensor Networks in Space–Air–Ground Frameworks: A Focus on Energy Savings","authors":"Iman Dakhil Idan Saeedi, Ali Kadhum M. Al-Qurabat","doi":"10.1002/dac.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The integration of space–air–ground networks necessitates effective strategies for managing the energy consumption and operational longevity of IoT sensor nodes. Clustering, implemented as the foundational tier in SAGINs, is instrumental in organizing sensor nodes into efficient communication groups, thereby optimizing data aggregation and minimizing redundant transmissions. This study introduces an energy-efficient cluster head (CH) selection using osprey optimization algorithm (EECHOOA), to minimize the total energy expenditure by each sensor at the individual node level. These sensors are controlled by a CH that transmits data to the top levels. With the osprey optimization algorithm (OOA), we further improve the clustering procedure for accurate CH election. By emulating the unique strategies of ospreys, the OOA adaptively determines the best CHs, taking into account both the distance between nodes and their energy reserve. In comparison to cutting-edge techniques like MMABC, NCOGA, PUAG, and ZFO-SHO, the simulation findings show that our suggested clustering strategy combined with OOA to CH election made the network lifetime is extended by 50%–100% and the network consumption of energy is reduced by 56.25%–76.35% than existing protocols. In order to provide more sustainable and streamlined IoT-based networks capable of responding to a range of fields of application, this study shows how clustering techniques may be used in combination with expert optimization algorithms in SAGINs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaik Mohammed Ali, Hemanta Kumar Sahu, Sudhansu Sekhar Singh
{"title":"Analysis of Dual Hop RF-UWOC System With RF Energy Harvesting for Marine Applications","authors":"Shaik Mohammed Ali, Hemanta Kumar Sahu, Sudhansu Sekhar Singh","doi":"10.1002/dac.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of a dual-hop radio frequency-underwater wireless optical communication (RF-UWOC) system incorporating simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) for marine applications. The proposed system features an energy-harvesting relay, modelled as a buoy access point (BAP), that forwards data from multiple ground stations (GSs) to an underwater destination via hybrid RF and UWOC links. We employ a Markov chain-based user selection strategy at the transmitter to address the stochastic nature of GS availability and traffic load. The RF and UWOC links are modelled using Nakagami-<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ m $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> fading and an exponential-generalized gamma (EGG) distribution, respectively, capturing realistic fading and turbulence conditions. Closed-form expressions for the average bit error probability (ABEP) are derived for both amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying schemes, incorporating nonlinear energy-harvesting constraints. Analytical results are validated through simulations and asymptotic analysis, revealing the influence of modulation schemes, power splitting ratios, turbulence conditions, and traffic intensity on system performance. The findings provide new design insights for robust, self-sustaining underwater communication networks in energy-constrained marine environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Distributed Fuzzy Trust-Aware Multipath Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Hossein Jadidoleslamy","doi":"10.1002/dac.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) typically comprise numerous sensor nodes alongside one or more sink. Various challenges, like node misbehavior, improper selection of peer nodes, severe resource constraints, and unbalanced energy utilization throughout the routing process of data packets, as well as inadequate fault tolerance and reliability, low throughput, potential security threats, and insecure operational environments, degrade the overall performance of WSNs. A significant solution for these issues is the implementation of secure routing mechanisms. Consequently, this paper focuses on trust management systems (TMSs) and multipath routing protocols; it proposes a distributed fuzzy trust-aware multipath routing protocol specifically designed for homogeneous WSNs. This novel approach aims to integrate the trustworthiness of nodes within the multipath routing process. Finally, the performance of the proposed protocol has been meticulously analyzed, evaluated, and compared with other existing approaches including Shahbaz et al., IEEMARP, TARF, and SEEM routing protocols, considering a variety of parameters. For the performance analysis of them, the TRMSim-WSN and NS-2 simulation platforms have been selected for simulation, while Expert Choice and grey relational analysis tools have been utilized for statistical analysis. The conducted simulation experiments and statistical analysis indicate that the protocol presented in this study yields better performance; it significantly enhances the balanced and distributed consumption of network resources, scalability, throughput, fault tolerance, accuracy, average of packet loss rate, and provides more reliable paths than other protocols. However, its performance is degraded by factors such as memory consumption, computational complexities, routing overhead, and transmission delays when compared with other algorithms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Enhanced Variable Delay Supported Path Loss Model for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network","authors":"M. Saranya Nair, R. Ratheesh","doi":"10.1002/dac.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), the most complicated issues are higher latency, propagation delay, and transmission loss. This work presents an enhanced path loss model for the UASN to minimize these issues. Initially, random locations of sensor nodes are generated in the UASN environment. Then, the unknown depth of each sensor node is calculated. The unknown depth is computed by the distance between the source and each node. Subsequently, the status of each node is computed. Afterwards, an accurate channel is modeled by considering various parameters like spreading loss, absorption loss, sound propagation, and transmission path loss. This accurate channel model reduces the delay of communication. Then, the transmission loss is computed for the acoustic links to find the link connectivity. In case of loss in connectivity, new node positions are selected using the weighted moving average-based adaptive horse herd optimization with optimal beacon based on the mobility of nodes. Finally, the network reliability is evaluated for the developed path loss model. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with different existing approaches in terms of various performance metrics such as transmission loss, attenuation coefficient, probability density function (PDF), throughput, and average delay. The performance results proved that the proposed approach outperforms the other existing approaches.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Otair, Faten Ali Qawaqzeh, Saleh Ali Alomari, Raed Abu Zitar, Hazem Migdady, Kashif Saleem, Aseel Smerat, Anas Ratib Alsoud, Laith Abualigah
{"title":"Enhanced Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for Intrusion Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Mohammed Otair, Faten Ali Qawaqzeh, Saleh Ali Alomari, Raed Abu Zitar, Hazem Migdady, Kashif Saleem, Aseel Smerat, Anas Ratib Alsoud, Laith Abualigah","doi":"10.1002/dac.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) face significant security challenges because of their resource constraints and exposure to malicious attacks. Traditional intrusion detection systems (IDSs) often suffer from low detection accuracy, high false alarm rates, and long processing times. To address these issues, this paper proposes an enhanced IDS framework based on the arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) for feature selection, combined with support vector machine (SVM) for classification. A new cost function is introduced to guide the feature selection process and improve model performance. The approach, named AS_IDS, is evaluated on the NSL-KDD dataset, achieving an accuracy of 96.65%, a detection rate of 98.69%, and a false alarm rate of 0.04% using only 15 features, with a significant reduction in execution time. Comparative results with state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework in enhancing intrusion detection in WSNs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Golden Jackal and Enhanced Remora Optimization-Based Sink Mobility for Energy Hole Mitigation in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network","authors":"Keshav Kumar Tiwari, Samayveer Singh","doi":"10.1002/dac.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) face challenges like limited bandwidth, high-energy consumption, and the energy hole problem, where nodes near sinks deplete energy faster, reducing network performance and lifespan. To address these issues, we propose hybrid optimization-based sink mobility for energy hole mitigation in UWSNs (HOSEMU), utilizing a hybrid golden jackal optimization (GJO) and enhanced remora optimization (ERO) approach, termed GJERO. GJERO combines GJO's global search and ERO's local optimization to enhance cluster head (CH) selection, balancing energy consumption and improving convergence. Sink mobility toward energy-depleted CHs further ensures efficient data collection and extended network lifespan. Simulation results in MATLAB show that HOSEMU outperforms existing methods, improving stability by 19.4% over energy-efficient routing and stable data reporting algorithm (EERSDRA) and by 28.7% over energy-conserving enhanced remora optimization (ECERO). These results demonstrate HOSEMU's effectiveness in addressing UWSN-specific challenges and enhancing performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan Jing, HuiLu Mo, Liang Han, HongFei Yin, Liangchao Li, Yan Zhang, Ming Li, Mian Pan, Liang Guo
{"title":"3M-Net: Automatic Modulation Recognition Based on Multiscale Mobile Inverted Bottleneck Convolution and Manhattan Self-Attention Network","authors":"Dan Jing, HuiLu Mo, Liang Han, HongFei Yin, Liangchao Li, Yan Zhang, Ming Li, Mian Pan, Liang Guo","doi":"10.1002/dac.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increasingly complex modern communication environment poses challenges for automatic modulation recognition (AMR) techniques. In AMR tasks, in order to more comprehensively capture signal features and improve recognition performance, we propose a model named Multiscale Mobile Inverted Bottleneck Convolution and Manhattan Self-Attention Network (3M-Net). In this 3M-Net, the MSMB block is designed to extract multiscale local features of the signals, and the MMG block is designed to enhance global information modeling of the model. Then, a hierarchical backbone that contains the two blocks is designed to extract multilevel features. Extensive experiments on the RML2016.10a and RML2018.01a datasets demonstrate that the 3M-Net model achieves superior recognition performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}