International Journal of Communication Systems最新文献

{"title":"Wireless Based Network Dynamic Handover Decision Analysis Using Convolution Enhanced Evolving Attention Network","authors":"B. Sakthivel,&nbsp;J. Nafeesa Begum,&nbsp;M. Ramamoorthy,&nbsp;P. Selvi,&nbsp;S. Sakthivel,&nbsp;M. Sathya","doi":"10.1002/dac.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dynamic handover decisions are among the most important in such a way that the transmission should be seamless with the preservation of quality of service (QoS) in wireless networks. Traditional handover mechanisms have various limitations, like high latency with increased packet loss, resulting in network congestion and inefficient resource distribution. These challenges become even more difficult because modern networks are extremely complex. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a dynamic handover decision analysis using convolution enhanced evolving attention network for improved QoS in wireless networks (CEEAN-DHOD-QoS-WN). This methodology incorporates a piranha foraging optimization algorithm (PFOA) to enhance the route selection based on some parameters, such as delay, bit error rate, jitter, energy consumption, average bit rate, and received signal strength. Then, an optimal decision is carried out to manage vertical handoff using convolution enhanced evolving attention network (CEEAN). The experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in throughput, latency, and overall network efficiency compared with the existing methods. The simulation outputs prove that the CEEAN-DHOD-QoS-WN technique attains 0.69, 0.65, and 0.61 ns lower delay and 20.12, 17.10, and 13.11 J lower energy consumption compared with existing methods: QOS aware vertical handover procedure in heterogeneous wireless network (QoS-VHO-HWN), a novel handover scheme for millimeter wave network: a method of integrating reinforcement learning and optimization (HOS-MWN-RLA), and user preference-dependent heterogeneous network management scheme for vertical handover (UP-HNMS-VH), respectively.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Legitimacy of IoT Devices Based on an Energy-Efficient Trust Management Scheme in Information-Centric Networking","authors":"Sachin Sharma,&nbsp;Mohammad Yahya,&nbsp;Anupriya Jain,&nbsp;Ahmed I. Alutaibi,&nbsp;Abdullah Baihan,&nbsp;Papiya Dutta,&nbsp;Ahed Abugabah","doi":"10.1002/dac.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A rapidly developing future technology, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have promise for a wide range of military and business applications. Potential safety issues could affect WSN technology because it combines wireless communications with processing capacity. A novel networking architecture on the Internet of Things (IoT) called information-centric networking (ICN) provides more security than standard Internet Protocol (IP) networks. However, it still experiences a lot of security issues, particularly from internal attacks. Applying trust management technologies is an effective way to secure against internal threats. Therefore, an evolutionary particle swarm optimization energy-efficient trust management scheme (EPSO-EETMS) is proposed to evaluate the legitimacy of IoT devices and nodes. The data regarding routing pathways using trust can identify various types of attacked solutions. The proposed solution is thoroughly evaluated using some networking parameters, such as the distance between devices, energy use, and information loss during data transmission. These practical factors include energy consumption when transmitting data between nodes, message delivery to previous or subsequent nodes, and distance between two devices. According to the evaluation results, the proposed strategy outperforms standard techniques in terms of response time, authentication delays, and the number of requests from fake nodes. The accuracy of the proposed technique is obtained to be 98.66% for 100 nodes, which is higher than that of existing routing techniques.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Securing Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS)–Aided NOMA Networks in Covert Wireless Communication Using Jammer","authors":"Maryam Najimi","doi":"10.1002/dac.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)–assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network is proposed in a multi-user scenario where the transmitter communicates with its receiver covertly by helping a friendly jammer. In this network, an adversary detects the communication existence of the users in the frequency band while the jammer sends the jamming signals to the adversary to degrade its performance. In this case, the analytical expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP), false alarm probability, and the missed detection probability at adversary are obtained. Rayleigh fading channel is assumed as the channel model while the covert communication performance is improved. For this purpose, the total effective rates are maximized by optimization of the transmission power, power allocation to multiple users, IRS reflection matrix, and also transmission probability adjustment with constraints on the detection performance and SOP. The problem is non-convex; therefore, we present the genetic algorithm (GA) method to find the suboptimal solution for the problem with lower complexity. Numerical results show the performance improvement of the proposed algorithm in comparison to the benchmark algorithms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Based on Antennas Modeling for 5G and 6G Communication Systems: A Systematic Review","authors":"Karrar Shakir Muttair,&nbsp;Oras Ahmed Shareef,&nbsp;Hazeem Baqir Taher","doi":"10.1002/dac.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Artificial intelligence (AI)-aided communications have gained significant traction in recent years due to the widespread application of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) machines with algorithms to solve math problems in wireless communications. This study offers an overview of the use of ML models in antenna design and optimization. This incorporates DL on ML frameworks, categories, and structure to get practical and broad insights using ML techniques for high throughput, quick data analysis, and prediction. This article also comprehensively reviews recent research papers on antenna design via ML. This includes an analysis of several ML algorithms that have been applied to produce antenna parameters such as the reflection coefficient (<i>S</i>-parameters), efficiency and gain values, and radiation patterns of the antennas. However, the current antenna design's structure, variables, and external factors remain complex. In addition, the expense of time and processing resources is inescapable and unacceptable to most designers. ML-based antennas have been created to increase antenna modeling efficiency and accuracy to solve these challenges. Techniques for modeling data may be used to predict the performance of an antenna for a certain set of antenna factors of design. As a result, this study highlights the most sophisticated applied ML techniques that have been presented to increase antenna modeling efficiency and accuracy. The results demonstrate that AI, ML, and DL may minimize simulation needs, predict antenna behavior, and reduce time with high accuracy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rain Optimization Algorithm–Based Optimized Reconfigurable Antenna for Satellite Communication","authors":"S. Parasuraman,&nbsp;S. Yogeeswaran","doi":"10.1002/dac.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reconfigurable antennas have played a substantial role in the growth of wireless communication technology due to their low cost, high speed, and compact size. However, one of the key challenges in satellite communication is the efficient use of bandwidth and maintaining high-quality signal reception under varying environmental conditions. Traditional satellite communication systems rely on fixed antennas that may not adapt effectively to changing atmospheric conditions, signal interference, or satellite position variations, leading to suboptimal performance. To overcome these limitations, reconfigurable antennas (RAs) have emerged as a promising solution, offering flexibility to adjust their operating parameters. This research aims to address this challenge by employing a rain optimization algorithm (ROA) to optimize the parameters of a reconfigurable antenna for satellite communication. The optimization-based reconfigurable antenna by the intrusion of Flame Retardant-4 (FR4) substrate is proposed with a thickness of 1.4 mm, a permittivity of 4.4, and a tangent loss of 0.019, respectively. Here, the L-shaped slots have been embedded in the ground plane of dimension 20 × 20 to enhance the antenna performance. ROA is established to optimize the parameter of the designed antenna. Uniformly, the high-pass filter (HPF) is initiated in the antenna design to eliminate the undesired frequencies. The parameters of the designed antenna, such as current distribution, gain, return loss, directivity, and radiation pattern, are simulated by the high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) tool. For satellite applications, the proposed optimized antenna achieves a gain of 8.75 dB, a bandwidth of 9.70 MHz, and a return loss of −16.03 and −18.982 at the resonance frequencies of 9.7 and 29.5 GHZ. Furthermore, by altering the antenna's length and width, the parametric analysis is assessed in terms of the reflection coefficient and VSWR. Additionally, a hardware analysis is conducted.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing Congestion Control Protocols for Robust WSN Routing Dynamics Through Optimized Dual Aggregated Attention Capsule Network","authors":"Vijayalakshmi Khagga,&nbsp;N. Sangeetha Priya,&nbsp;A. M. Prasad","doi":"10.1002/dac.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have a vital part in real-time data distribution in areas like intelligent cities and tracking the environment. However, challenges like network congestion often result in packet loss, delays, and energy inefficiencies, severely impacting performance. Existing congestion control methods struggle with unpredictable traffic patterns and fluctuating node energy levels, leading to incorrect routing decisions and shortened network lifespans. This highlights the need for an intelligent congestion control protocol that dynamically manages traffic flow and adapts to network conditions. This study introduces a novel framework, “Revolutionizing Congestion Control Protocols for Robust WSN Routing Dynamics through Optimized Dual Aggregated Attention Capsule Network (DAT-G²ACN-GTAO),” which leverages an Advanced Atomic Orbital Search Paradigm to organize nodes and select cluster heads, thus enhancing complexity management and extending network lifespan. The framework employs a Dual Aggregation Transformer-based Gated Graph Attention Capsule Network to accurately detect congestion, steering data toward less congested routes to optimize transmission. Additionally, the Giant Trevally Adaptive Optimization (GTAO) method fine-tunes network parameters in real time, enhancing throughput and minimizing energy consumption. Experimental results demonstrate that the DAT-G²ACN-GTAO protocol significantly outperforms traditional methods, achieving a packet delivery ratio exceeding 99.2%, maintaining network throughput stability above 99.5%, and ensuring 99.3% accuracy in congestion detection and prioritized data transmission. This robust congestion control framework marks a substantial improvement over conventional approaches, significantly boosting WSN efficiency and network longevity, making it a critical enabler for deploying reliable, energy-efficient WSNs across diverse applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Robustness of OFDM Systems Using LSTM-Based Autoencoders","authors":"Rajarajan P,&nbsp;Madona B. Sahaai","doi":"10.1002/dac.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ability of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to counteract frequency-selective fading channels has made it a popular modem technology in contemporary communication systems. But maintaining dependable signaling is still difficult, especially when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low. In order to increase the dependability of OFDM systems, this study presents an enhanced LSTM-based autoencoder architecture. The suggested autoencoder efficiently utilizes temporal dependencies and reduces the impacts of channel distortion by encoding and decoding OFDM signals utilizing one-hot encoding employing long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. The outcomes of the simulation show notable gains in performance indicators. The average block error rate (BLER) of the suggested model is 0.0150, as opposed to 0.0296 for traditional autoencoders and 0.0886 for convolutional OFDM systems. Comparably, the average packet error rate (PER) is decreased to 0.0017, surpassing convolutional OFDM systems' 0.2260 and traditional autoencoders' 0.0070. These outcomes highlight the LSTM-based autoencoder's efficacy in enhancing OFDM systems' dependability, especially in demanding settings. This study lays the groundwork for employing cutting-edge deep learning methods to create reliable and effective communication systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel High-Gain Rectenna for Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) Applications","authors":"Yacine Boussaadia,&nbsp;Mohamed Tellache,&nbsp;Fayçal Amrani","doi":"10.1002/dac.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work reports a novel high-gain rectifying antenna designed for wireless power transfer applications. Initially, a novel compact butterfly dipole antenna was developed and optimized for the UMTS-2100/3G and GSM-1800/4G frequency bands. A band-stop reflector based on a frequency selective surface (FSS) structure is designed and integrated with the antenna to enhance its radiation characteristics over the desired bandwidth. A high-efficiency rectifying circuit is developed to operate over a broad input power range within the desired bandwidth. The antenna's measured results showed a significant enhancement in its gain and reflection coefficient after integrating the FSS reflector. At the desired frequencies of 1.8 and 2.1 GHz, the gain reached 8.59 and 6.69 dBi, increasing by 6.41 and 3.71 dBi, respectively. The reflection coefficient achieved a peak value of −44.19 dB at the resonant frequency of 1.86 GHz, improving by 25.49 dB compared with the antenna without a reflector. The bandwidth also expanded by 0.09 GHz to reach 0.45 GHz, from 1.71 to 2.16 GHz, and the fractional bandwidth (FBW) is 23.26%. The rectifier's measured results showed high conversion efficiency, achieving 63.2% and 57.4% at the desired frequencies of 1.8 and 2.1 GHz, respectively, for an input power level of 10 dBm. In addition, it provides more than 50% conversion efficiency across a wide input power range of 16.5 dBm (−0.1 to 16.4) and 11.7 dBm (2.8–14.5) at frequencies 1.8 and 2.1 GHz, respectively.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on the Implementation of Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Technology in Microwave Circuits and Antennas","authors":"Ashish Kumar,&nbsp;Isha Kansal,&nbsp;Gifty Gupta","doi":"10.1002/dac.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article presents an overview of the utilization of substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology in the design of various microwave circuits and other components. SIW is one of the promising and emerging technologies for designing various high-frequency components because of its high performance and cost-effective solutions. The proposed article provides insights into the very basic structure and working of the SIW and its use cases in the design of various components for various applications. The very significant use of SIW is in the antenna design, which includes the cavity-backed slotted antennas, antenna arrays, and phased array antennas. Moreover, this article also discusses other applications of the SIW that include power dividers, diplexing antennas, the use of empty SIW, and multilayer organic antenna in package technologies. The article provides more valuable insights in terms of presenting an exhaustive analysis of all the key performance indicators of all the components. At last, the survey also proposed the challenges and future direction regarding SIW technologies in the realization of microwave components.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Graph Convolution–Based Immediate Neighborhood Extraction in VANET Stability Enhancement","authors":"Ritu Kumari,&nbsp;Kusum Dalal","doi":"10.1002/dac.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The promise of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) to improve traffic safety and pave the way for autonomous driving systems has attracted a lot of interest. Cluster heads (CHs) and stable cluster formation are essential components of VANET. However, due to the dynamic, unreliable nature of VANET (unstable drivers), it becomes a challenge for efficient clustering and CH selection. To address this, we redefine the clustering problem using immediate neighborhood extraction using graph convolution, a graphical deep learning technique, to generate low-dimensional embeddings. The model is trained on real-world traffic pattern data from the Connaught area of Delhi, collected using Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO), with attributes such as location, ID, and speed. We introduce first-order approximation method for extracting the immediate vehicle neighborhood. Here, the adjacency matrix of the vehicle graph is enhanced with self-connections using convolution layers. These embeddings are then used for stable CH selection and clustering. We introduce novel driver behavior–driven CH selection parameter based on cluster impulsiveness value (CIV) along with relative speed, cluster neighbor consistency strength (NCS), and CH residency duration (CHRD), to maintain reliable vehicles as CH promoting high cluster lifetime and achieve high network performance. The paper employs gray relational analysis (GRA) to refine CH selection, ensuring robust performance by mapping the above CH parameters to ideal cluster characteristics and generating a CH. Experimental result shows that the proposed model achieves 92% of cluster lifetime and achieves 18.46% improvement in throughput and low packet delay compared to conventional methods, validating the effectiveness of advanced deep learning approaches in optimizing VANET operations in dynamic urban environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Communication Systems","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}