Outdoor 2D Localization of Sensor Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks Using the Lotus Effect Optimization Algorithm

IF 1.8 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

International Journal of Communication Systems Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI:10.1002/dac.70175

Goldendeep Kaur, Kiran Jyoti

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Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) impart marvelous connectivity as well as data-gathering facilities. Location detection is a crucial feature of sensor network applications despite being a difficult challenge. When it comes to Internet of Things (IoT) location-based applications like remote healthcare, where prompt emergency or maintenance services are required, precise localization of sensor nodes is needed. The use of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) for outdoor large-scale localizations poses several restrictions because of the high cost of GPS. So in this work, a novel concept of a single static anchor node is utilized for localizing all the movable target nodes. This experimentation has been carried out in real real-time outdoor environment utilizing LoRa Modules to communicate to the LoRaWAN wireless network. These LoRa modules use received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values, and using it, the distance is assessed between a dedicated anchor node and multiple target nodes. The different dataset values of RSSI are utilized to assess the positions of target nodes in real-time environment. The results are then optimized using the lotus effect optimization algorithm (LEA) for localizing the sensors with more precision. The simulation results demonstrate that LEA has the lowest localization error of 0.1645 m and strong optimization capability in contrast to the several strategies employed in 2D environments.

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基于莲花效应优化算法的无线传感器网络传感器节点户外二维定位

无线传感器网络（wsn）提供了惊人的连接性和数据收集设施。位置检测是传感器网络应用的一个重要特征，尽管这是一个艰巨的挑战。对于基于位置的物联网（IoT）应用，如远程医疗，需要及时的紧急或维护服务，需要对传感器节点进行精确定位。由于GPS的高成本，使用GPS进行户外大规模定位存在一些限制。因此，本文提出了一种新的概念，即利用单个静态锚节点来定位所有可移动的目标节点。利用LoRa模块与LoRaWAN无线网络通信，在真实的室外环境中进行了实验。这些LoRa模块使用接收信号强度指示器（RSSI）值，并使用它来评估专用锚节点和多个目标节点之间的距离。利用RSSI的不同数据集值来评估实时环境下目标节点的位置。然后利用莲花效应优化算法（LEA）对结果进行优化，以提高传感器的定位精度。仿真结果表明，与二维环境下的几种定位策略相比，LEA的定位误差最小，为0.1645 m，具有较强的优化能力。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Communication Systems 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

9.50%

发文量

323

审稿时长

7.9 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Communication Systems provides a forum for R&D, open to researchers from all types of institutions and organisations worldwide, aimed at the increasingly important area of communication technology. The Journal''s emphasis is particularly on the issues impacting behaviour at the system, service and management levels. Published twelve times a year, it provides coverage of advances that have a significant potential to impact the immense technical and commercial opportunities in the communications sector. The International Journal of Communication Systems strives to select a balance of contributions that promotes technical innovation allied to practical relevance across the range of system types and issues. The Journal addresses both public communication systems (Telecommunication, mobile, Internet, and Cable TV) and private systems (Intranets, enterprise networks, LANs, MANs, WANs). The following key areas and issues are regularly covered: -Transmission/Switching/Distribution technologies (ATM, SDH, TCP/IP, routers, DSL, cable modems, VoD, VoIP, WDM, etc.) -System control, network/service management -Network and Internet protocols and standards -Client-server, distributed and Web-based communication systems -Broadband and multimedia systems and applications, with a focus on increased service variety and interactivity -Trials of advanced systems and services; their implementation and evaluation -Novel concepts and improvements in technique; their theoretical basis and performance analysis using measurement/testing, modelling and simulation -Performance evaluation issues and methods.