Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Prognostic value of patient-reported depression in women with hormone-responsive early breast cancer in TEXT and SOFT","authors":"Karin Ribi PhD,&nbsp;Bernard F. Cole PhD,&nbsp;Gini F. Fleming MD,&nbsp;Barbara A. Walley MD,&nbsp;Prudence A. Francis MD,&nbsp;Ehtesham Abdi MD,&nbsp;Harold J. Burstein MD, PhD,&nbsp;Kit L. Cheng MD,&nbsp;Stephen K. L. Chia MD, FRCP,&nbsp;Shaker R. Dakhil MD,&nbsp;Nancy E. Davidson MD,&nbsp;Stephen A. Della-Fiorentina MD,&nbsp;Ashley E. Frith MD,&nbsp;Ellis Levine MD,&nbsp;Sasha Lupichuk MD,&nbsp;Kathleen Pritchard MD,&nbsp;Muhammad Salim MD,&nbsp;Vered Stearns MD,&nbsp;Josephine Stewart MD,&nbsp;Vicente Valero MD,&nbsp;Andre van der Westhuizen MD,&nbsp;Olivia Pagani MD,&nbsp;Sherene Loi MD, PhD,&nbsp;Marco Colleoni MD,&nbsp;Richard D. Gelber PhD,&nbsp;Aron Goldhirsch MD,&nbsp;Alan S. Coates MD,&nbsp;Meredith M. Regan ScD,&nbsp;Jürg Bernhard PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70094","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depression has been identified as an adverse mental health outcome in women with breast cancer (BC). Depression was investigated as a risk factor for poor survival in premenopausal women with hormone-responsive early BC treated in the TEXT (Tamoxifen and Exemestane Trial) and SOFT (Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial) trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The data used were from a subset of patients who participated in TEXT or SOFT and completed the Center of Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. Associations between baseline depression-score categories and baseline characteristics were assessed using the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test controlling for antidepressant use. Multivariable proportional hazards regression models were used to test the association between baseline depression and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Regression models were adjusted for factors known to be associated with outcomes, baseline antidepressant use, and early treatment cessation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty percent (2287 of 5738) of the women enrolled in the SOFT and TEXT trials were included in this analysis (SOFT, <i>n</i> = 1259; TEXT, <i>n</i> = 1028). Twenty-seven percent of women reported mild-to-moderate or severe depression at baseline. Race (<i>p</i> = .001), body mass index (<i>p</i> = .02), family history (<i>p</i> = .02), and performance status (<i>p</i> =.007) were significantly associated with the severity of depression. Relative to the no-symptomatology group, the hazard ratios (overall <i>p</i> = .04) for DFS were 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.76) for women with mild-to-moderate depression and 1.34 (95% CI, 0.96–1.87) for those with severe depression. Relative to the no-symptomatology group, the hazard ratios (overall <i>p</i> = .008) for OS were 1.68 for mild-to-moderate depression (95% CI, 1.15–2.44) and 1.67 for those with severe depression (95% CI, 1.05–2.66).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In premenopausal women with hormone-responsive early BC, depression at baseline is a risk factor for poorer DFS and OFS. Further investigation of the underlying interactive processes is needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00066703 (SOFT) and NCT00066690 (TEXT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thinking ahead: Neurocognition and diabetes in long-term pediatric cancer survivors","authors":"Stephanie N. Steinberg PhD,&nbsp;Zoltan Antal MD,&nbsp;Stephen A. Sands PsyD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70099","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the balance: Risk and relief in opioid prescribing for patients with cancer","authors":"Romesh P. Nalliah DDS, MHCM, FRSPH FACD,&nbsp;Chad M. Brummett MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70068","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opioid prescribing trends and pain scores among adult patients with cancer in a large health system","authors":"Laura Van Metre Baum MD, MPH,&nbsp;Pamela R. Soulos MPH,&nbsp;Madhav KC PhD, MPH,&nbsp;Molly M. Jeffery PhD,&nbsp;Kathryn J. Ruddy MD, MPH,&nbsp;Catherine C. Lerro PhD, MPH,&nbsp;Hana Lee PhD,&nbsp;David J. Graham MD, MPH,&nbsp;Donna R. Rivera PharmD, MSc,&nbsp;Mark Liberatore PharmD, RAC,&nbsp;Michael S. Leapman MD, MHS,&nbsp;Vikram Jairam MD,&nbsp;Michaela A. Dinan PhD,&nbsp;Cary P. Gross MD,&nbsp;Henry S. Park MD, MPH","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Opioid stewardship policies could adversely affect pain management for patients with cancer. Yet patients with cancer are also at risk for opioid-related harms. This study sought to determine trends in opioid prescribing by clinical stratum and pain for patients with cancer from 2016 to 2020.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective study was conducted of opioid-naive adults with newly diagnosed cancer from 2016 to 2020 (<i>N</i> = 10,232) in a large Connecticut health system. Logistic regression was used to calculate changes in the predicted probability of opioid prescribing from 2016 to 2020. Two subpopulations were examined: patients treated surgically (<i>n</i> = 4405) and patients with metastatic cancer (<i>n</i> = 2158). Flowsheet pain scores for patients with metastatic cancer were used to stratify by no pain (all scores, 0) versus any pain. The main outcomes were new (≥1 prescription in the 0–6 months after diagnosis) and additional (0–6 and 7–9 months) opioid prescriptions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A decline was observed in the predicted probability of new (71.1% to 64.6%; <i>p</i> &lt; .001) and additional prescribing (27.2% to 24.2%; <i>p</i> = .07 [not significant]) declined. Among surgical patients, the predicted probability of new opioid prescribing fell (96.0% to 88.6%; <i>p</i> &lt; .001), whereas additional prescribing was stable (13%). For patients with metastatic cancer with pain, new opioid prescribing was stable (56%). For those reporting no pain, the predicted probability of new opioid prescribing declined from 61.6% to 36.1% (<i>p</i> &lt; .001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the context of widespread policy changes, this study showed a modest decline in new and additional opioid prescribing for patients with cancer. In metastatic cancer, prescribing remained stable for patients reporting pain and declined steeply for those reporting no pain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the impact of chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer: A longitudinal study on peripheral inflammation, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging, and cognition","authors":"Rob Colaes MSc,&nbsp;Gwen Schroyen PhD,&nbsp;Ahmed Radwan MD, PhD,&nbsp;Rebeca Alejandra Gavrila Laic PhD,&nbsp;Shannon Helsper PhD,&nbsp;Uwe Himmelreich PhD,&nbsp;Sigrid Hatse PhD,&nbsp;Ann Smeets MD, PhD,&nbsp;Karen Caeyenberghs PhD,&nbsp;Stefan Sunaert MD, PhD,&nbsp;Sabine Deprez PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70095","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) remains unclear. Besides direct neurotoxicity, chemotherapy may trigger peripheral proinflammatory responses leading to neuroinflammation and neuronal injury. This longitudinal study investigated changes in peripheral inflammatory and neuronal markers, and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging measures from pre-to post-chemotherapy, and their potential role in CICI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 32 women receiving chemotherapy for early breast cancer (C+), 35 patients not exposed to chemotherapy (C–), and 46 healthy women (HC) age- and education-matched. Participants were assessed at diagnosis (T0), 3 months post-chemotherapy (T1), and 1 year post-chemotherapy (T2), or at matched intervals. Differences over time were assessed in cognitive outcomes, peripheral inflammatory and neuronal markers, and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging measures, reflecting white matter (WM) lesions, magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolites, WM microstructure, and the diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index. To investigate changes in WM structure, the authors performed a longitudinal fixel-based analysis on multi-shell diffusion-weighted images. Associations between peripheral inflammation and WM microstructure were explored, as well as their relationship to both subjective and objective cognitive outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study observed alterations after chemotherapy in subjective and objective cognition, inflammatory profiles, neurofilament light chain, the DTI-ALPS index, and WM microstructure within the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus and in the genu of the prefrontal corpus callosum. Alterations in peripheral inflammatory profiles were associated with worse performance in objective cognition, but not with changes in WM microstructure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peripheral inflammatory responses and alterations in WM microstructure are potential key mechanisms underlying CICI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective associations between sleep quality and sexual satisfaction in distressed breast cancer survivors: Secondary analysis from the Apps Reaching Cancer Survivors randomized trial","authors":"Kelly M. Shaffer PhD,&nbsp;Katharine E. Daniel PhD,&nbsp;Kara P. Wiseman PhD,&nbsp;Lee M. Ritterband PhD,&nbsp;David C. Mohr PhD,&nbsp;Wendy Cohn PhD,&nbsp;Shayna L. Showalter MD,&nbsp;Philip I. Chow PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70093","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One in 20 women globally will be diagnosed with breast cancer in her lifetime and face increased risk for poor sleep quality and sexual functioning after treatment. Limited evidence exists on how these prevalent survivorship concerns influence each other over time. This secondary analysis examined the prospective association between breast cancer survivors' sleep quality and sexual satisfaction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Distressed breast cancer survivors (<i>N</i> = 313; mean age, 52 years [range: 27–77 years]; 84% non-Hispanic White) reported sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and sexual satisfaction (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Satisfaction With Sex Life Scale) at baseline, 8 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months in a randomized clinical trial of an application-based distress intervention. Parallel-process latent growth modeling was used to test associations between trajectories of these domains, adjusting for age and partner status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most survivors (77%) reported clinically significant impairments in both sleep quality and sexual satisfaction at one or more timepoints. Model fit was strong (χ²[29] = 24.47; <i>p</i> = .71; comparative fit index = 1.00; standardized root mean square residual = .025), with no moderation by intervention condition. Both sleep quality (<i>p</i> &lt; .001) and sexual satisfaction (<i>p</i> = .004) improved over time, with greater improvements observed among participants with worse initial scores (<i>p</i> = .01 for both associations). Sleep quality and sexual satisfaction were positively associated at baseline (<i>p</i> &lt; .001), but initial levels in one domain did not predict changes in the other, and their trajectories were not significantly related.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poor sleep and low sexual satisfaction commonly co-occur among distressed breast cancer survivors and are cross-sectionally related. However, changes in these domains occurred independently over time, highlighting the importance of evaluating both concerns and providing domain-specific survivorship care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remnant cholesterol and systemic inflammation as synergistic predictors of cancer risk: A 16-year prospective cohort study","authors":"Hongxue Xu MD,&nbsp;Peipei Liu MD,&nbsp;Shuohua Chen PhD,&nbsp;Guodong Wang MM,&nbsp;Shouling Wu MD,&nbsp;Xuemei Zhang PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70096","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Remnant cholesterol (RC), a marker of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, has been implicated in cardiovascular disease via inflammatory pathways, but its role in cancer development remains unclear. This study investigated the independent and joint effects of RC and systemic inflammation on long-term cancer risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The authors analyzed data from 136,158 participants in the Kailuan cohort who were free from cancer and cardiovascular disease at baseline. RC was calculated as total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was used to assess systemic inflammation. Incident cancer cases were identified during a median follow-up of 16.18 years. Cox proportional hazards models, interaction analyses, mediation analysis, and cross-lagged panel models were used to assess the relationships between RC, hs-CRP, and cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 7080 incident cancers were recorded. Compared with the lowest quartile of RC (Q1), participants in the highest quartile (Q4) had a significantly increased risk of overall cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 1.188; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.108–1.273), lung cancer (HR, 1.349; 95% CI, 1.179–1.543), and colorectal cancer (HR, 1.775; 95% CI, 1.443–2.184). Participants with both high RC and high hs-CRP had the highest risk (HR, 1.332; 95% CI, 1.268–1.400). Mediation analysis revealed that RC mediated 8.31% of the hs-CRP–cancer relationship, and vice versa. Cross-lagged models confirmed a bidirectional temporal association.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RC and systemic inflammation act synergistically and bidirectionally to increase cancer risk, supporting a metabolic–inflammatory axis in carcinogenesis. These findings identify novel, potentially modifiable targets for early cancer risk stratification and prevention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and promising efficacy with enhanced CAR T-cell therapy for lymphoma","authors":"Mary Beth Nierengarten","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70035","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Results of the first-in-human trial using enhanced chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, armed with proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 18 [IL-18]) to target malignant lymphocytes in patients with refractory or relapsed lymphoma, show that the enhanced CAR T-cell therapy carries a safety profile similar to that of other CAR T-cell therapies and demonstrates promising efficacy.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Of the 21 patients in the trial, 81% achieved a complete or partial response after 3 months of the armored CAR T-cell therapy, with 52% achieving a complete response. In the same group of participants, 62% had cytokine release syndrome (47% of these cases were grade 1 or 2), and 14% had grade 1 or 2 immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. The median duration of response was 9.6 months at a median follow-up of 17.5 months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Toxicity was similar to that of other CAR T-cell therapies and consisted mainly of grade 1 or 2 adverse events, none of which were unexpected or delayed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The lead author of the study, Jakub Svoboda, MD, an associate professor of medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, says that he and his colleagues are encouraged by the favorable toxicity profile of the armored CAR T-cell therapy and “surprised by the efficacy in this setting with over 50% of patients achieving complete response.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Preclinical studies conducted by the researchers demonstrated that IL-18–armored CAR T cells have superior antitumor efficacy and result in prolonged survival in mouse models. Dr Svoboda and his colleagues decided to test their armored CAR T-cell therapy on patients with lymphoma who had relapsed after therapy or did not respond to standard anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dr Svoboda says that the trial demonstrated that it is possible to retarget the same surface antigen (CD19) with armored CAR T cells and achieve durable responses. He underscores that approximately one third of the patients had no response to prior standard anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. Some of these refractory patients achieved long-term responses when they were treated with the armored anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, he cautions that the results of the trial come from a small sample. He and his colleagues are currently conducting a larger trial using IL-18–armored anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy to confirm the efficacy results. He says that the concept of administering CAR T-cell therapy after the failure of prior CAR T-cell therapy is a reasonable strategy with the right product.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“We are hoping that the concept of armoring CARs with proinflammatory cytokines may have implications in settings where cellular therapies face challenges,” he says, adding that secreting cytokines at the tumor site may allow for the recruitment of important components of the immune system and enhance the CARs themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“This modification may ultimately overcome some of the im","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report provides review of major modifiable cancer risk factors, HPV vaccination, and cancer screenings","authors":"Mary Beth Nierengarten","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70034","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A recent report presents current data on major modifiable cancer risk factors, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates, and cancer screenings in the United States among adults during and after the COVID-19 pandemic versus the years before the pandemic.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Getting more people to stop smoking and improving cervical cancer prevention, including screening and HPV vaccination, are two key takeaways from the American Cancer Society (ACS) report on cancer prevention and early detection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Key findings of the report suggest that improving cancer prevention is critical to lowering the burden of cancer on individuals and society. An estimated 40% of cancers in the United States are attributed to modifiable life factors, among which tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death. Despite a drop in smoking prevalence to 11% in 2023, 27 million adults still smoke, with a high prevalence in specific populations: American Indians, Alaska Natives, Black males, people with a lower level of education, and bisexual females.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Of all adults who smoke, 36% reported using menthol-flavored cigarettes; this level doubles or increases even more in Black people (76%) and bisexual people (63%). The lead author of the study, Priti Bandi, PhD, scientific director of the risk factors and screening research team in the ACS Surveillance &amp; Health Equity Science Department, underscores that menthol-flavored cigarettes can increase smoking in youth and reduce cessation success. The high level of menthol-flavored cigarette smoking in Black and bisexual people is due to the targeted marketing of these products to these communities by the tobacco industry, she says.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Flavored tobacco products are particularly attractive to and used by young people. The report also found that nearly 9 in 10 teenagers who used tobacco products preferred menthol cigarettes (42%), cigars (71%), and flavored e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches (90%). The use of e-cigarettes among young adults has grown from 9% in 2019 to 13% in 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“Tobacco remains the leading cause of preventable cancer death,” Dr Bandi says. “Therefore, tobacco prevention in young people and smoking cessation, via delivery of evidence-based smoking cessation services, is key to reducing cancer risk and burden.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another modifiable risk factor that could prevent more disease and deaths is cancer screening. In particular, the report found that current cervical cancer screening levels remain lower than pre-pandemic levels. Dr Bandi calls this a “continuing disappointing pattern of declines in up-to-date screening in the past two decades.” She notes that the up-to-date cervical cancer screening rate in 2021 was 73%, which was below pre-pandemic levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The report also showed that the uptake of the HPV vaccine was flat from 2021 to 2023, with 61% of adolescents aged 13–17 years receiving the vaccine. Dr Bandi calls this an unexpected finding considering the pre","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avelumab combined with axitinib for patients with advanced thymoma B3 and thymic carcinoma","authors":"Fabio Conforti MD,&nbsp;Laura Pala MD,&nbsp;Chiara Catania MD,&nbsp;Paolo Andrea Zucali PhD,&nbsp;Isabella Sala MSc,&nbsp;Matteo Perrino MD,&nbsp;Fabio De Vincenzo MD,&nbsp;Nadia Cordua MD,&nbsp;Jacopo Canzian MD,&nbsp;Benedetta Tinterri MD,&nbsp;Emily Governini MD,&nbsp;Marzia Bendoni MD,&nbsp;Armando Santoro MD,&nbsp;Giuseppe Giaccone PhD,&nbsp;Tommaso Martino De Pas MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70092","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with advanced thymoma B3 (TB3) and thymic carcinoma (TC) resistant to chemotherapy have limited treatment options. The final overall survival (OS) results of the CAVEATT trial are presented.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The CAVEATT was a single-arm, multicentric, phase II trial testing the combination of avelumab (anti–PD-L1) and axitinib (antiangiogenesis) in patients with advanced TB3 or TC, who had progressed after at least one line of platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients could have received prior antiangiogenesis drugs but not immune checkpoint inhibitors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-two patients were enrolled: 27 had TC, 3 TB3, and 2 a mixed TB3/TC. Most (91%, 29/32) had Stage IVB disease, and 41% (13/32) had prior antiangiogenesis treatment. After a median follow-up for overall survival (OS) of 48.9 months (range, 2.5–61.1), 23 deaths occurred. Median OS was 23.4 months (95% CI, 16.5–31.1), with 12- and 24-month OS rates of 77.7% (95% CI, 58.8–88.7) and 48.5% (95% CI, 30.3–64.6), respectively. No significant OS differences emerged across most subgroups, except for patients without liver metastases (OS hazard ratio [OS-HR], 0.39; 95% CI, 0.17–0.89) and lower lactate dehydrogenase levels (OS-HR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10–0.65), who had significantly longer survival compared to patients with liver metastases and with higher lactate dehydrogenase levels, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The combination of avelumab and axitinib demonstrated long-term efficacy in heavily pretreated patients with TC and TB3. This finding underscores the meaningful impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenesis drugs on the prognosis of this patient population</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}