Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Top advances of the year: Noninvasive colorectal cancer screening tests","authors":"Brian Ko MD,&nbsp;Pakdee Rojanasopondist MD,&nbsp;William M. Grady MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening has been shown to be more effective in preventing deaths from this common cancer, but current methods are suboptimal. Because of limitations and barriers, interval cancers occur, and many people (25%–40%) are not compliant with colorectal cancer screening. Advances over the past year, which have led to a blood-based screening test and more accurate stool tests, address the limitations of current tests. Three clinical trials published in the past year have led to a novel blood-based test, a multitarget stool eRNA test, and an improved multitarget stool DNA test for colorectal cancer screening. The multitarget eRNA stool-based test and multitarget stool DNA test are 94.4% sensitive (87.9% specificity) and 93.5% sensitive (90.6% specificity) for CRC and 45.9% sensitive and 43.4% sensitive for advanced polyps, respectively. The blood test uses cell free DNA to detect CRC and is 83% sensitive for CRC (89.6% specificity) and 13% sensitive for advanced adenomas. These advances provide a novel effective blood-based test for CRC screening, which promises to increase compliance, and more accurate stool-based tests, which promise to lead to fewer interval CRCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Immune Checkpoint Modulator 17-Item Symptom Index (FACT-ICM-17) to facilitate implementation in research and clinical care","authors":"Lisa M. Gudenkauf PhD, MPH,&nbsp;Danielle B. Tometich PhD,&nbsp;Aasha I. Hoogland PhD,&nbsp;Xiaoyin Li PhD,&nbsp;Kedar Kirtane MD,&nbsp;Brent J. Small PhD,&nbsp;Anna Barata PhD,&nbsp;Brian D. Gonzalez PhD,&nbsp;K. D. Jacobs PhD,&nbsp;Christine H. Chung MD,&nbsp;Michael R. Shafique MD,&nbsp;Jhanelle Gray MD,&nbsp;Nikhil I. Khushalani MD,&nbsp;Michael A. Postow MD,&nbsp;David Cella PhD,&nbsp;Kimberly A. Webster MA,&nbsp;Adam P. Dicker MD, PhD,&nbsp;Heather S. L. Jim PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immune checkpoint modulators (ICMs) have revolutionized cancer treatment but have unique immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The aim of this study was to develop and validate a brief measure of the most common, distressing, and diagnostically useful symptomatic irAEs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Items were generated to assess symptomatic irAEs through a multistep process of (1) literature review and iterative expert input and (2) qualitative interviews of patients, caregivers, and clinicians regarding ICM-related irAEs and quality of life (QOL) impacts. An initial item set was administered across five longitudinal or cross-sectional studies. The final item set was selected using a Delphi method; validity, reliability, minimally important differences (MIDs), and sensitivity to change were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Qualitative interviews with 14 patients, seven caregivers, and six clinicians informed an initial set of 46 symptomatic irAEs, which was administered to patients (<i>N</i> = 503, 52% female, mean age = 64) treated with ICMs for non–small cell lung cancer (<i>n</i> = 342), head and neck cancer (<i>n</i> = 72), renal cell carcinoma (<i>n</i> = 43), or melanoma (<i>n</i> = 46). A final item set was selected and mapped to FACIT library items. This produced the 17-item FACT-ICM Symptom Index, which showed reliability (α = 0.86), construct validity (comparative fit index = 0.93), convergent validity with validated measures of physical QOL (<i>r</i> = 0.69–0.73), discriminant validity with emotional and social QOL (<i>r</i> = 0.03–0.65), and criterion validity (i.e., better performance status was associated with fewer concerns). Response option anchors adequately captured MIDs and were sensitive to change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This brief 17-item FACT-ICM Symptom Index demonstrates initial construct, convergent, and divergent validity, reliability, MID, and sensitivity to change and is ready for use in research and clinical care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of pembrolizumab to standard care improved event-free survival for patients with HNSCC","authors":"Mary Beth Nierengarten","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70078","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Patients with surgically resectable, locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with the addition of neoadjuvant and adjuvant pembrolizumab to the standard of care had significant improvements in event-free survival compared to patients treated only with the standard of care according to the first interim analysis of the phase 3 KEYNOTE-689 trial.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A significant improvement was seen in all participants independently of tumor expression of the programmed death ligand 1 according to the combined positive score (CPS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At a median follow-up of 38.3 months, event-free survival was 57.6% for patients who were treated with the addition of neoadjuvant and adjuvant pembrolizumab (with a CPS ≥1) and 46.4% for patients treated with standard therapy alone (surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy with or without concomitant cisplatin). This represents a 27% reduction in the risk of disease progression, recurrence, or death (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58–0.92; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .008). Based on these data, the US Food and Drug Administration approved this regimen for surgically resectable, locally advanced head and neck cancer in patients who have tumors with a CPS ≥1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A secondary endpoint of the clinical trial was pathological tumor response in the surgically resected tumor and lymph nodes, which was seen at significantly higher rates in the patients receiving neoadjuvant pembrolizumab. Importantly, this led to patients who were treated with pembrolizumab receiving less chemotherapy and radiation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The phase 3, multicenter, open-label trial included 363 patients (234 with a CPS ≥10 and 347 with a CPS ≥1) who were assigned to the pembrolizumab group and 351 patients (231 with a CPS ≥10 and 335 with a CPS ≥1) who were assigned to the standard therapy alone group. All patients were at least 18 years old and had newly diagnosed nonmetastatic, resectable, locally advanced HNSCC. Patients included those with stage III oropharyngeal p16-positive disease with tumor size T4 and node stage N0–N2; those with stage III or IV oropharyngeal p16-negative disease; and those with laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, or oral cavity disease regardless of the p16 status.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Treatment-related adverse events were similar between the two treatment groups; these included grade 3 or higher adverse events that occurred in patients in the pembrolizumab group (44.6%) and in patients in the standard-of-care group (42.9%). Also similar were the percentages of deaths in the two groups: 1.1% and 0.3%, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The lead author of the study, Ravindra Uppaluri, MD, PhD, director of head and neck surgical oncology at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana–Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts, says that the data show that neoadjuvant treatment is safe in these patients without compromising patients’ ability to undergo planned surgery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“With these results, we now have a new standard of care for these local","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapies for patients with previously treated lung cancer","authors":"Mary Beth Nierengarten","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70076","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70076","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The need for second-line therapies for patients with small cell lung cancer and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that are effective, safe, and well tolerated is driving research that targets different mutations of the disease. Two therapies recently received accelerated approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): tarlatamab, a bispecific T-cell engager immunotherapy that concomitantly targets delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) and CD3 on cells, and zongertinib, an oral, irreversible, &lt;i&gt;HER2&lt;/i&gt;-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In May, the FDA granted accelerated approval of tarlatamab-dlle for the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer in patients who were previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Approval was based on the phase 2 DeLLphi-301 trial, which showed a 40% objective response rate with a median duration of response of 9.7 months in this setting.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Based on this information, investigators conducted a multinational, phase 3, open-label trial (DeLLphi-304) to assess the efficacy and safety of tarlatamab compared to chemotherapy as a second-line treatment in this setting. Of the 509 patients in the study, 254 were randomized to tarlatamab, and 255 patients were randomized to chemotherapy (topotecan, lurbinectedin, or amrubicin).&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; All patients had disease progression during or after at least one line of platinum-containing therapy with or without a programmed death ligand 1 or programmed death 1 inhibitor. The main endpoint was overall survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study confirmed the superiority of tarlatamab over chemotherapy in overall survival. Patients treated with tarlatamab had significantly longer overall survival (13.6 months) than those treated with chemotherapy (8.3 months). The difference represents a 40% reduction in death (hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.47–0.77; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; .001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At 12 months, progression-free survival (PFS) improved by 20% in patients treated with tarlatamab versus 4% in patients treated with chemotherapy. Patients treated with tarlatamab had meaningful symptom relief in comparison with patients treated with chemotherapy, such as improvement in cough (16% vs. 9%). Patients treated with tarlatamab also had a lower rate of grade 3 or higher adverse events than patients treated with chemotherapy (54% vs. 80%) and a lower incidence of adverse events leading to discontinuation of treatment (5% vs. 12%). The most common adverse events with tarlatamab were cytokine release syndrome, dysgeusia, and pyrexia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study authors, led by Giannis Mountzios, MD, a thoracic oncologist and director of the 4th Oncology Department and Clinical Trials Unit at the Henry Dunant Hospital Center in Athens, Greece, called the study “a landmark trial that represents an important advance in the treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer” and said that the results “support the use of tarlatamab for small ","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omission of postoperative radiotherapy considered in older patients with breast cancer","authors":"Mary Beth Nierengarten","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70077","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The omission of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in older patients with a low risk of local recurrence could be safe. Evidence shows that without radiotherapy, the risk of local recurrence at 10 years is low according to the results of a study by the Swedish Breast Cancer Group.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A key finding of the study is the feasibility of identifying patients at low risk of local recurrence who would benefit from omitting radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery based on clinicopathological characteristics without the need for additional data from gene expression analysis. Investigators found that a small tumor with luminal-like features and nonaggressive histological characteristics was predictive of a low risk of local recurrence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Antonis Valachis, MD, an associate professor of oncology at Örebro University in Sweden and a study coauthor, says that the results add to the growing body of evidence supporting the safe de-escalation of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in older patients with breast cancer who have the described clinicopathological characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“Safely omitting radiotherapy benefits patients by eliminating the need to travel to radiotherapy facilities and reducing the risk of adverse events,” he says. “It also benefits the health care system by conserving resources.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The prospective, national, multicenter cohort study included women aged 65 years or older who had undergone breast-conserving surgery for newly diagnosed primary invasive breast cancer and were scheduled for 5 years of endocrine therapy. All patients had low-risk, estrogen receptor–positive, T1N0 disease. Patients were followed at least annually via mammography to assess local recurrence (the primary outcome) and contralateral breast cancer, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival (secondary outcomes). The final analysis consisted of 601 women with a median age of 71 years and a median tumor size of 11 mm.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Previously published results at 5 years showed a cumulative incidence of 1.2% for local recurrence.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; In the current final analysis at a median follow-up of 119 months, the cumulative incidence of local recurrence was 1.5% and 5.5% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The cumulative incidence of contralateral breast cancer was 1.7% and 4.5% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. At 10 years, the overall survival rate was 83.1%. In the full cohort, three patients died of breast cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One caveat to the study is that all women in the study had to agree to undergo endocrine therapy. “In this study, all patients received endocrine therapy for 5 years; therefore, the omission of radiotherapy is supported only for women who are willing to undergo endocrine therapy,” says Dr Valachis. The study, therefore, is not able to answer an emerging question of whether it may be preferable to treat low-risk women with breast cancer exclusively with radiotherapy or exclusively with e","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical marijuana policies, opioid prescriptions, and adverse events among patients undergoing cancer resection surgery","authors":"Ju-Chen Hu PhD,&nbsp;Kenneth Karan MPH,&nbsp;Hao Zhang PhD,&nbsp;Russell Portenoy MD,&nbsp;William E. Rosa PhD, MBE, APRN,&nbsp;Yiye Zhang PhD,&nbsp;M. Carrington Reid PhD, MD,&nbsp;Rulla M. Tamimi ScD,&nbsp;Fang Zhang PhD,&nbsp;Eduardo Bruera MD,&nbsp;Judith A. Paice PhD, RN,&nbsp;Yuhua Bao PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70107","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Opioid use and adverse events among cancer patients may change with access to medical marijuana. This study investigated the impacts of medical marijuana legalization (MML) since 2016.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a difference-in-differences approach and 2016 to 2022 private insurance claims data, this cross-sectional study included patients (aged 18–64 years) undergoing resection surgery for newly diagnosed (female) breast, colorectal, or lung cancer in 27 states without MML as of 2016. MML policies were classified into (1) no MML, (2) MML without dispensaries (after MML effective date and before the first state-licensed dispensary opened), and (3) MML with dispensaries. Outcomes included during the 6 months postdiagnosis: (1) any opioid prescription, (2) any short-acting oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, or morphine prescription (“strong opioids”), (3) any short-acting tramadol or codeine prescription (“weak opioids”), and (4) total morphine milligram equivalents among patients with opioid prescriptions, (5) any all-cause, and (6) any pain-related emergency department visits or hospitalizations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample (<i>N</i> = 34,911) included 24,592 patients with breast, 8510 colorectal, and 1809 lung cancer. Compared to no MML, MML with dispensaries was associated with reduced any strong short-acting opioids prescription use (difference = −4.6; 95% CI, −8.6 to −0.5 percentage points [pp]; <i>p</i> = .028) and increased any all-cause adverse hospital events (difference = 2.6; 95% CI, 0.7−4.5 pp; <i>p</i> = .006). MML without dispensaries was associated with increased any weak opioid prescription use (difference = 1.2; 95% CI, 0.5−2 pp; <i>p</i> = .002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MML policies may have affected the type of opioid prescribed and increased adverse hospital events among patients with cancer and resection surgery. Additional investigation of medical marijuana’s impact on cancer pain management is warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting a spotlight on current chemotherapeutic options for recurrent ovarian clear cell carcinoma","authors":"Ken Y. Lin MD,&nbsp;John H. Farley MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.70112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Documentation of patient withdrawals, retention strategies, and postwithdrawal data practices in cancer clinical trials","authors":"Alexander B. Karol MD,&nbsp;Rodrigo Paredes MD,&nbsp;Anna Argulian BS,&nbsp;Himanshu Joshi MBBS, PhD,&nbsp;Lexi Weintraub BS,&nbsp;Kasopefoluwa Oguntuyo MD, PhD,&nbsp;Justin Miller BS,&nbsp;Yu Fujiwara MD,&nbsp;Deborah B. Doroshow MD, PhD,&nbsp;Matthew D. Galsky MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The withdrawal of patients from cancer clinical trials with unspecified rationale introduces selection bias, compromises study validity, and reduces generalizability. Excluding these data can lead to informative censoring, masking treatment toxicity, or inflating efficacy estimates. Whereas regulatory agencies emphasize documenting reasons for withdrawal and retaining data after withdrawal, adherence to these guidelines is unclear, raising concerns about trial integrity. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of withdrawal with unspecified rationale, evaluate retention strategies, and assess data-retention practices after patient withdrawal in contemporary cancer clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 300 completed phase 3 clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov between 2014 and 2024 that evaluated systemic or local anticancer therapies with available protocols. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who withdrew without a specified rationale. Secondary outcomes included the prevalence of protocol-stated retention strategies and postwithdrawal data-retention practices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 165,674 enrolled patients, 106,915 discontinued participation. Of those, 15.8% (<i>n</i> = 16,842) withdrew without a specified rationale. Nearly all protocols (99.6%; <i>n</i> = 299) required documenting the reasons for withdrawal; however, the median proportion of withdrawals without a specified rationale per trial was 7.5% (range, 0%–64.4% withdrawals; 25th to 75th percentile, 4.5%–10.5%). Most withdrawals were patient-initiated (60.1%), retention strategies were absent in 68.0% of trial protocols, and 32.3% of protocols failed to specify retention practices for data collected after withdrawal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A substantial proportion of patients in phase 3 cancer trials withdraw without a specified rationale. Inconsistent withdrawal documentation practices, limited use of a retention strategy, and unclear postwithdrawal data policies highlight the need for standardized approaches to improve trial quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Counting what counts: Registry completeness and the epidemiology of nonmalignant meningioma","authors":"Kyle M. Walsh PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70100","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage-specific cancer survival in Black and White persons by urbanicity of county of residence, United States, 2015–2021","authors":"Farhad Islami MD, PhD,&nbsp;Daniel Wiese PhD,&nbsp;Elizabeth J. Schafer MPH,&nbsp;Hyuna Sung PhD,&nbsp;Ahmedin Jemal DVM, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer survival is generally lower in Black persons compared with White persons and in rural areas compared with urban areas. The authors examined variations in age-standardized, stage-specific, 5-year cancer survival and receipt of cancer surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy between Black and White persons in large metropolitan (population ≥1 million), small-medium metropolitan (&lt;1 million), and nonmetropolitan areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were obtained for all, lung, female breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers diagnosed in 2015–2021 in individuals aged 15 years and older from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 22 registries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall 5-year cancer survival rate for localized-stage, regional-stage, and distant-stage cancers was lower in nonmetropolitan areas than metropolitan areas in both Black and White persons by 2, 5, and 3–7 percentage points and was lower in Black persons compared with White persons across categories of urbanicity by 12, 7, and 4–7 percentage points, respectively. By cancer type, stage-specific survival was lower in Black persons compared with White persons across most categories of urbanicity, especially in large metropolitan areas in those younger than 65 years, for breast and colorectal cancers, and for some stages and categories of urbanicity for lung and prostate cancers. The receipt of cancer surgery for localized-stage and regional-stage cancers were lower in Black persons compared with White persons for most evaluated cancers and categories of urbanicity, whereas the receipt of chemotherapy and radiotherapy varied by cancer, stage, and urbanicity. Lower 5-year cancer survival generally aligned with lower receipt of cancer treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The large differences in stage-specific 5-year cancer survival between rural and urban areas and between Black and White persons likely reflect disparities in the receipt of guideline-concordant care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}