Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Correction to Improving lifestyle behaviors during chemotherapy for breast cancer: The Lifestyle, Exercise, and Nutrition Early After Diagnosis (LEANer) Trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Puklin LS, Ferrucci LM, Harrigan M, et al. Improving lifestyle behaviors during chemotherapy for breast cancer: The Lifestyle, Exercise, and Nutrition Early After Diagnosis (LEANer) Trial. <i>Cancer</i>. 2024;130(14):2440-2452. doi:10.1002/cncr.35280</p><p>In the results section, under the heading “One-year change in physical activity,” in paragraph 2, the text “At 1 year, 76% of women randomized to intervention adhered to the PA guideline compared with 24% of UC women (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) (Figure 3)” was incorrect. This should have read “At 1 year, 59% of women randomized to intervention adhered to the PA guideline compared with 19% of UC women (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) (Figure 3).”</p><p>The following figure should replace Figure 3 to include these correct proportions. The proportions have been updated for the figure “Physical Activity Goal (&gt;= 150 min/week moderate-to-vigorous intensity or &gt;=75 min/week vigorous intensity)” at Post-Chemo and 1-Year.</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of peri-tumoral resection on survival in primary glioblastoma","authors":"Linda Y. Tang BS,&nbsp;David Botros MD,&nbsp;Anya A. Kim BS,&nbsp;Adham M. Khalafallah MD,&nbsp;Hayden Dux BS,&nbsp;Keiko Fox BS,&nbsp;Nauman Hussain BS,&nbsp;Yuncong Mao BS,&nbsp;Richard Pellegrino BS,&nbsp;Paarth Sharma BS,&nbsp;Calixto-Hope G. Lucas MD,&nbsp;A. Karim Ahmed MD,&nbsp;Christopher M. Jackson MD,&nbsp;Gary Gallia MD, PhD,&nbsp;Chetan Bettegowda MD, PhD,&nbsp;Jon Weingart MD,&nbsp;Henry Brem MD,&nbsp;Debraj Mukherjee MD, MPH","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy, and standard treatment includes maximal resection of contrast-enhancing tumor. Given recent interest in resection beyond areas of contrast-enhancement, the authors analyzed the role of peri-tumoral resection (PTR) in primary GBM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 126 adult patients with primary GBM amenable to peri-tumoral resection (PTR) at a tertiary care academic medical center. Patient characteristics and pre/postoperative tumor volumes were collected. Outcome-oriented cut-points for extent of resection of contrast-enhancing tumor (EOR) were determined using maximally selected rank statistics. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model for death was performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cohort had mean age 60.7 ± 11.3 years and median overall survival (OS)/progression-free survival (PFS) 15.2/7.5 months. EOR &gt;92.1% was associated with increased OS compared to &lt;92.1% EOR (23.1 vs.14.0 months, <i>p</i> &lt; .01). Fifty-four (42%) patients received PTR, of which 28 (22%) achieved PTR of &gt;1.74 cm³ beyond the contrast-enhancing region. This latter group demonstrated greater OS than the PTR&lt;1.74 cm³ group (21.6 vs. 16.8 months, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between groups. Multivariable CPH model found EOR 92.1%–99% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.30; confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.60, <i>p</i> &lt; .01) and PTR &gt;1.74 cm³ (HR, 0.27; CI, 0.13–0.56, <i>p</i> &lt; .01) were associated with increased OS. Preoperative T2-FLAIR volume &gt;192 cm³ was associated with worse OS (HR, 3.18; CI, 1.17–8.61, <i>p</i> &lt; .01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results demonstrate increased OS in GBM with resection beyond contrast-enhancing tumor margins. With no associated increase in postoperative deficits, PTR &gt;1.74 cm³ was both effective and safe in select cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Splicing factor 3b subunit 1 mutation patterns and prognostic implications in myelodysplastic syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A retrospective study of 1691 cases","authors":"Chun Qiao MD,&nbsp;Yi Xia MD, PhD,&nbsp;Zhen Guo MD,&nbsp;Liying Zhu MD,&nbsp;Yujie Wu MD, PhD,&nbsp;Hairong Qiu MD,&nbsp;Yan Wang MD,&nbsp;Huayuan Zhu MD, PhD,&nbsp;Sixuan Qian MD, PhD,&nbsp;Ming Hong MD, PhD,&nbsp;Yu Zhu MD,&nbsp;Wenyi Shen MD,&nbsp;Yuemin Gong PhD,&nbsp;Hui Jin MD,&nbsp;Lei Fan MD, PhD,&nbsp;Jianyong Li MD, PhD,&nbsp;Yong Yang MD, PhD,&nbsp;Guangsheng He MD,&nbsp;Yi Miao MD, PhD,&nbsp;Huimin Jin MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (<i>SF3B1</i>) mutations have been implicated in hematologic malignancies, but the clinical significance of distinct <i>SF3B1</i> mutation variants remain unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to evaluate clinicopathologic features, mutational profiles, and outcomes of 1691 patients with hematologic malignancies, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS; <i>n</i> = 402), acute myeloid leukemia (AML; <i>n</i> = 758), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; <i>n</i> = 531).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The frequency of <i>SF3B1</i>-mutated (<i>SF3B1</i>^MUT) MDS, AML, and CLL was 70 of 402 patients (17.4%), 23 of 758 patients (3.0%), and 45 of 531 patients (8.5%), respectively. p.K700E was the most prevalent <i>SF3B1</i>^MUT variant and was identified in 43 of 70 of patients with MDS (61.4%), in seven of 23 patients with AML (30.4%), and in 19 of 45 patients with CLL (42.2%). In MDS and AML, <i>TET2</i> was the most frequent co-mutated gene in patients with <i>SF3B1</i>^MUT disease (20 of 70 patients with MDS [28.6%]; 11 of 23 patients with AML [47.8%]). For patients with <i>SF3B1</i>^MUT CLL, the most common co-mutated genes were <i>ATM</i> (11 of 45; 24.4%) and <i>TP53</i> (11 of 45; 24.4%). Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that the <i>SF3B1</i> p.K700E variant was significantly associated with improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients who had MDS (<i>p &lt;</i> .001 and <i>p</i> = .016, respectively) but with worse OS and PFS in those who had AML (<i>p</i> = .006 and <i>p</i> = .006, respectively) compared with those who had wild-type <i>SF3B1</i>. In patients who had CLL, p.I704F was associated with reduced OS (<i>p</i> &lt; .001) and p.K700E was associated with a shorter time-to-first treatment (<i>p</i> = .028) compared with those who had wild-type <i>SF3B1</i>. Multivariable analysis identified p.K700E as an independent protective factor for OS in patients with MDS (<i>p</i> = .048) but as an independent risk factor for both OS and PFS in patients with AML (<i>p</i> = .036 and <i>p</i> = .035, respectively) and for the time to first treatment in patients with CLL (<i>p</i> = .033).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Specific <i>SF3B1</i> variants should be incorporated into prognostic stratification for hematologic malignancies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the 1997 Office of Management and Budget standards for collecting multiracial data on the assessment of race-specific cancer rates of incidence and mortality in the United States","authors":"Mandi Yu PhD,&nbsp;Natalie Joe PhD,&nbsp;Recinda L. Sherman PhD,&nbsp;Christopher J. Johnson MA,&nbsp;Serban Negoita MD, DrPH,&nbsp;Steve Scoppa BA,&nbsp;James (Todd) Gibson BA,&nbsp;Kathleen A. Cronin PhD, MPH","doi":"10.1002/cncr.35930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35930","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The differential implementation of the 1997 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards of collecting multiracial data affects the accuracy and comparability of race-specific cancer rates of incidence and mortality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer incidences from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and cancer deaths from the National Vital Statistics System were obtained. Population data came from Census Bureau postcensal vintage 2022 estimates. Age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality in 2020 were compared via rate ratios across three race definitions: two definitions compliant with the 1997 OMB standards, namely race-alone and race-alone-or-in-combination, and one compliant with the previous 1977 OMB standards, namely bridged-race.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proportions of multiracial individuals in the incidence and death data were lower than those in the population data, with the degree varying by age, race, and geography. However, race definitions had minimal impact on rates for Whites, Blacks, and Asians. Race-alone-or-in-combination rates were lower for Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs) compared to race-alone rates, which suggests an underrepresentation of multiracial NHOPI individuals in the incidence data. Race-alone and race-alone-or-in-combination yielded similar rates for American Indians/Alaskan Natives (AI/ANs) but were significantly lower than their bridged-race counterparts, which suggests a mismatch in how AI/AN was classified between the incidence and population data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Improving the representation of multiracial incidence is essential for addressing the unique needs in cancer prevention and care among subpopulations with large shares of multiracial individuals. This article is the first to demonstrate the usefulness of race-alone-or-in-combination categories in capturing cancer burdens for minority race groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.35930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban–rural disparities in lung cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Black and White populations","authors":"Nadia Howlader PhD,&nbsp;Kathleen A. Cronin PhD,&nbsp;Mandi Yu PhD,&nbsp;Daniel Miller BA,&nbsp;Douglas R. Lowy MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lung cancer mortality trends among Black and White populations and urban compared to rural populations are critical for assessing disparities in cancer outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This serial cross-sectional study used US national death certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics and data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. The study analyzed lung cancer incidence (2001–2021) and mortality (1990–2021) trends by race, sex, and urban–rural status. Age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) were estimated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Since 1990, lung cancer death rates have declined faster for Black men, which has reduced the gap with White men, but White women have consistently had higher rates than Black women. Rural areas showed higher incidence and mortality rates compared to urban areas. During 2013–2021, incidence rates declined similarly among urban and rural Black men (AAPC, −3.4 and −4.3, respectively) and White men (AAPC, −3.6 and −2.7, respectively). However, mortality rates decreased faster for urban Black men than for rural Black men (AAPC, −5.4 vs. −4.5) and for urban White men than for rural White men (AAPC, −4.8 vs. −4.0). Incidence and mortality rates declined faster for urban Black and White women than for their rural counterparts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although the disparity in lung cancer death rates between Black and White men has narrowed, significant disparities persist between urban and rural populations. The more rapid decline in mortality rates in urban areas suggests that recent treatment advancements may be less accessible to rural populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Acceptability of psilocybin-assisted group therapy in patients with cancer and major depressive disorder: Qualitative analysis”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Beaussant Y, Tarbi E, Nigam K, et al. Acceptability of psilocybin-assisted group therapy in patients with cancer and major depressive disorder: qualitative analysis. <i>Cancer</i>. 2024;130(7):1147-1157. doi:10.1002/cncr.35024</p><p>In addition to the affiliations cited in the published article, Michael Ljuslin is affiliated with the Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care at the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts.</p><p>Moreover, Ljuslin's ORCID identifier, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2386-1749, was inadvertently not included.</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prostate cancer incidence and outcomes among Vietnam veterans receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration","authors":"Ashley-Marie Y. Green-Lott MD,&nbsp;Ananta Wadhwa BS,&nbsp;Anissa V. Bailey MPH,&nbsp;Lorna Kwan MPH,&nbsp;Candace L. Haroldsen MSPH,&nbsp;Jeremy B. Shelton MD, MSHS,&nbsp;Michael S. Lewis MD,&nbsp;David O. Beenhouwer MD,&nbsp;Karim Chamie MD,&nbsp;Brent S. Rose MD,&nbsp;Kara N. Maxwell MD, PhD,&nbsp;Nicholas G. Nickols MD, PhD,&nbsp;Kosj Yamoah MD, PhD,&nbsp;Michael J. Kelley MD,&nbsp;Timothy R. Rebbeck PhD,&nbsp;Martin Schoen MD, MPH,&nbsp;Matthew B. Rettig MD,&nbsp;Hari S. Iyer ScD,&nbsp;Isla P. Garraway MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Agent Orange exposure (AOE) is considered a presumptive cause of prostate cancer (PCa) in the Veterans Affairs (VA) population; however, cohort studies reported inconsistent associations of AOE and PCa incidence and outcomes. In this nationwide cohort study, Vietnam veterans who received VA care were evaluated for associations of AOE and PCa incidence and adverse outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vietnam veterans 17–25 years old during military service (1962–1971) who received VA health care between 2005 and 2020 were stratified by presumptive AOE assigned by the VA and followed until death from any cause or censoring on September 31, 2023. Multivariable Cox models permitted estimation of adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of AOE with PCa incidence, de novo metastasis (DNM), any metastasis, metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC), all-cause mortality (ACM), or PCa-specific mortality (PCSM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 2.6 million Vietnam veterans at risk for PCa, 779,472 (30%) had AOE. Compared to unexposed veterans, AOE veterans had higher PCa risk (aHR, 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–1.16), higher DNM (aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.16–1.17), any metastasis (aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.16–1.17), mCRPC (aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.16–1.17), ACM (aHR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.41–1.42), and PCSM (aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.16–1.17) in adjusted models. Sensitivity analyses suggested robustness of association between AOE and all-cause mortality, but selection bias could explain associations with PCa outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Presumptive AOE was associated with higher PCa incidence, mortality, and adverse outcomes. Although associations may not be causal, AOE may predict worse PCa outcomes in the Veterans Affairs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active surveillance after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer","authors":"Mary Beth Nierengarten","doi":"10.1002/cncr.35924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35924","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;For patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer who have a clinical complete response rate after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, active surveillance could be introduced as an alternative approach to standard surgery during patient counseling based on the results of a trial showing the noninferiority of active surveillance to standard surgery.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The phase 3, multicenter, cluster-randomized, noninferiority Surgery as Needed for Oesophageal Cancer (SANO) trial included both an intention-to-treat analysis, which included 776 patients (275 had a clinical complete response and were assigned to active surveillance [&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 156] or standard surgery [&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 118]), and a modified intention-to-treat analysis (allowing for patients with a complete response to cross over into the active surveillance group), which included 309 patients (198 underwent active surveillance, and 111 underwent standard surgery). Most of these patients had adenocarcinoma (147 in the active surveillance cohort and 84 in the surgery cohort), which was followed by squamous cell carcinoma (47 and 32 patients, respectively) and other types of carcinomas (four patients in each cohort). &lt;i&gt;Clinical complete response&lt;/i&gt; was defined as no tumor detected based on endoscopic biopsy, ultrasound, or positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT). All patients were at least 18 years old, had locally advanced esophageal cancer, and were treated with curative intent. No patients were excluded based on comorbidities or performance status.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;After a minimum 2-year follow-up, overall survival (OS) with active surveillance was noninferior to OS with standard surgery (71%) after the modified intention-to-treat analysis. It remained noninferior in the intention-to-treat analysis (75%), with no significant differences in OS between the modified intention-to-treat analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14; 95% CI, 0.74–1.78) and the intention-to-treat analysis (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.53–1.31).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;According to a patient-reported quality-of-life assessment, patients who underwent active surveillance had significantly better global health-related quality of life than those who underwent surgery at both 6 months (increase of 10.4 points, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .001) and 9 months (increase of 8.5 points, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .009). No significant differences between the two cohorts in global health-related quality of life were seen at 12 months.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The lead author of the study, Berend J. van der Wilk, MD, PhD, a surgical resident in the Department of Surgery at the Erasmus MC Cancer Institute of the University Medical Centre in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, says that the results suggest that oncologists consider organ-sparing active surveillance for their patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;“If you proceed with active surveillance, please be sure to perform clinical response evaluations according to SANO protocol,” he emphasizes. This includes evaluating the cli","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.35924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"US FDA approves pembrolizumab as first-line treatment for patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma","authors":"Mary Beth Nierengarten","doi":"10.1002/cncr.35925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35925","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted traditional approval of adding pembrolizumab to trastuzumab and standard chemotherapy (fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy) as a first-line treatment for patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 with a combined positive score (CPS) ≥1.<span>¹</span></p><p>The approval comes on the heels of the FDA’s accelerated approval on May 5, 2021, of the regimen in this setting based on the first interim analysis of the KEYNOTE-811 trial<span>²</span> and a subsequent amendment to this accelerated approval in November 2023 restricting its use to only patients whose tumors express PD-L1 with a CPS ≥1 according to an FDA-approved test.<span>³</span></p><p>KEYNOTE-811 is a phase 3, multicenter trial including 698 patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric or GEJ carcinoma who were randomized 1:1 to pembrolizumab (200 mg) or a placebo (each combined with trastuzumab and standard chemotherapy [fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy]) every 3 weeks for up to 35 cycles or until disease progression. Most of the patients in the trial had tumors that expressed PD-L1 with a CPS ≥1 (594 of 698 or 85%).</p><p>The traditional approval was based on the updated analyses of the trial, which showed significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients treated with the addition of pembrolizumab to trastuzumab and standard chemotherapy versus the placebo with trastuzumab and standard chemotherapy. For those patients making up the majority of the cohort (i.e., those with tumors expressing PD-L1 with a CPS ≥1), the median PFS was 10.9 and 7.3 months for the pembrolizumab and placebo groups, respectively; this represents a reduction in disease progression of 28% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60–0.87). The median OS was 20.1 and 15.7 months, respectively; this represents a reduction in the risk of death of 21% (HR, 0.79; CI, 0.66–0.95).<span>^{4, 5}</span></p><p>Michael Gibson, MD, PhD, associate professor of medicine and director of Translational Research for Esophagogastric Cancer at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, gave an emphatic “yes” to whether the approval adds a new and needed treatment in this setting. “It is the first indication for combining immunotherapy with a targeted agent in this population,” he says.</p><p>He notes that current trials are underway to evaluate the combination of immunotherapy with another recently approved targeted agent, zolbetuximab, for patients whose tumors express CLDN18.2.<span>⁶</span></p>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.35925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term outcomes of GemCap for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","authors":"Mary Beth Nierengarten","doi":"10.1002/cncr.35923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35923","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Results reported in the ESPAC4 trial showed that adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus capecitabine (GemCap) produced longer overall survival (OS) than gemcitabine alone for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). These patients were not safe candidates for or did not wish to take modified fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFIRINOX). The results were published in the &lt;i&gt;Journal of Clinical Oncology&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At a median follow-up of 104 months, patients treated with GemCap had an improvement in OS in comparison with those treated with gemcitabine alone (31.6 vs. 28.4 months); this represents a 17% lower risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71–0.98; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .031).&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; In a multivariable analysis, patients treated with GemCap had a 20% lower risk of death than those treated with gemcitabine alone (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68–0.95; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .01).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The median relapse-free survival with GemCap (21.3 months) versus gemcitabine alone (18.3 months) represents a 35% reduction in the risk of disease progression (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72–1.00; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .053).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The phase 3, open-label, multicenter ESPAC4 trial included 732 adults (≥18 years old) randomly assigned to gemcitabine alone (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 367) or GemCap (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 365) after complete macroscopic resection of PDAC. Patients were stratified by resection margin status (R0 or R1) and country of participation. Prior results at 43.2 months showed similar OS outcomes with median OS times of 28 and 25.5 months for patients treated with GemCap and gemcitabine alone, respectively; this represents an 18% reduced risk of death (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68–0.98; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .32).&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An exploratory analysis in the current study found subgroups of patients (R0 status and negative lymph nodes) for whom GemCap may be particularly beneficial in comparison to gemcitabine alone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For R0 status, the analysis showed that patients treated with GemCap had a significant improvement in median survival in comparison with those treated with gemcitabine alone (49.9 vs. 32.2 months); this represents a 37% reduction in the risk of death (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47–0.84; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .002). No significant difference was seen in patients with R1 status who were treated with GemCap compared to those treated with gemcitabine alone (25.9 vs. 25.5 months, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .28).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Negative lymph nodes also were associated with significantly higher estimated 5-year survival in patients treated with GemCap compared to those treated with gemcitabine alone (59% vs. 53%); this represents a 37% reduction in the risk of death (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41–0.98; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .04).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Researchers further explored estimated survival rates of patients treated with GemCap compared to those treated with gemcitabine alone by subgrouping the patients by eligibility status for inclusion in the PRODIGE24 trial. The PRODIGE24","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.35923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}