CancerPub Date : 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35892
Vinay K. Giri MD, David F. McDermott MD, Jacob Zaemes MD
{"title":"The emerging role of lymphocyte-activation gene 3 targeting in the treatment of solid malignancies","authors":"Vinay K. Giri MD, David F. McDermott MD, Jacob Zaemes MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.35892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35892","url":null,"abstract":"<p>PD-(L)1–based immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies have profoundly impacted the treatment of many solid malignancies. Although the addition of CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitors can enhance anticancer activity, it also significantly increases the rate of immune-related adverse events. Therefore, there has been much interest in identifying additional immune checkpoints to improve the outcomes seen with PD-1–based therapy while minimizing additional side effects. One such target, lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), has long been recognized as an important inhibitor of T-cell function via modulation of the T-cell receptor pathway. Several drugs targeting LAG-3 have been developed, including most prominently the monoclonal antibody relatlimab. To date, the most significant demonstration of efficacy in targeting LAG-3 has been the use of relatlimab with the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab in the treatment of advanced melanoma. The combination of nivolumab plus relatlimab is more efficacious compared to PD-1 inhibition alone, as has been previously seen with the combination of CTLA-4 inhibitor ipilimumab with nivolumab. However, nivolumab plus relatlimab offers a potentially more favorable toxicity profile. Here, the authors review the mechanism of the LAG-3 pathway and its rationale as a target for anticancer therapy as well as currently available data regarding the use of LAG-3 agents in treating melanoma and other solid tumors. Other investigational agents that target LAG-3 via novel mechanisms are also reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancerPub Date : 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35895
Tina W. F. Yen MD, MS, Ann B. Nattinger MD, MPH, Nina A. Bickell MD, MPH, Maria J. Schymura PhD, Emily L. McGinley MS, MPH, Liliana E. Pezzin PhD, JD
{"title":"Does regionalization of initial breast cancer care delay time to surgery?","authors":"Tina W. F. Yen MD, MS, Ann B. Nattinger MD, MPH, Nina A. Bickell MD, MPH, Maria J. Schymura PhD, Emily L. McGinley MS, MPH, Liliana E. Pezzin PhD, JD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.35895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35895","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By leveraging a natural experiment afforded by New York’s 2009 policy restricting Medicaid reimbursement for breast cancer surgery at low-volume hospitals, this study examined the effect of regionalization on time from breast cancer diagnosis to initial upfront surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By using a linked data set merging New York Cancer Registry and New York facilities’ discharge data, women with stage I–III incident breast cancer during the pre- (2004–2008) and postpolicy (2010–2013) periods were identified. Multivariable difference-in-difference-in-differences models estimated the policy effect on the probability of experiencing delayed care (>60 days) between diagnosis and initial surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 71,135 women, 12% had Medicaid coverage. Women treated in postpolicy years (<i>p</i> < .001 relative to prepolicy) and Medicaid beneficiaries (<i>p</i> < .001 relative to non-Medicaid patients) were more likely to experience delayed care. Non-Medicaid beneficiaries had a 12.6% probability of delayed care postpolicy (compared to 8.8% prepolicy), whereas Medicaid beneficiaries had a 21% probability of delayed care postpolicy (compared to 14.5% prepolicy). Although these increases were not statistically different between the Medicaid and non-Medicaid groups as a whole, which indicates no overall policy effect, Medicaid beneficiaries in nonurban areas were more likely to experience delayed care after the policy implementation (<i>p</i> = .04).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Regionalization of breast cancer care in New York did not lead to a significant overall decrease in access to timely surgical care. Regionalization of care may be a promising approach to improving breast cancer outcomes. However, the potential impact on nonurban and other vulnerable populations must be carefully considered to prevent exacerbating disparities in access to care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancerPub Date : 2025-05-07DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35896
Heinz Ludwig MD, Sarah Bernhard MSc, Takashi Ikeda MD, PhD, Cesar O. Freytes MD, Martin Schreder MD, Koji Kawamura MD, Yoshiko Atsuta MD, PhD, Hiroyuki Takamatsu MD, PhD, David H. Vesole MD, PhD, Parameswaran Hari MD, Julie Krainer MSc, Axel Hinke PhD
{"title":"Allogeneic versus autologous stem cell transplantation after relapsing following first line autologous transplantation for multiple myeloma: A systematic review","authors":"Heinz Ludwig MD, Sarah Bernhard MSc, Takashi Ikeda MD, PhD, Cesar O. Freytes MD, Martin Schreder MD, Koji Kawamura MD, Yoshiko Atsuta MD, PhD, Hiroyuki Takamatsu MD, PhD, David H. Vesole MD, PhD, Parameswaran Hari MD, Julie Krainer MSc, Axel Hinke PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.35896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35896","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) has curative potential and was previously considered by several experts superior to autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) for patients with multiple myeloma relapsing after first-line auto-SCT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The authors conducted a comprehensive literature review of English-language studies published from 1995 to October 2024. Five studies comparing allo-SCT with second auto-SCT following first line auto-SCT in multiple myeloma were included. Two additional studies comparing patients with or without a suitable allo-SCT donor after relapse were analyzed separately. Individual data from 815 patients were obtained from two large databases: the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and the Center for International Blood & Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR). Data from five smaller studies (three comparing allo-vs. auto-SCT and two comparing donor vs. no-donor groups) presented via Kaplan–Meier curves were digitized using the Shiny app. Meta-analyses were performed using R 4.3.3. Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were conducted in SPSS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individual patient data analysis showed significantly longer OS in the auto-SCT group. This benefit was consistent in the three smaller studies. PFS was also superior for auto-SCT in the CIBMTR data set and the pooled smaller studies. In the two-donor vs. no-donor studies, the donor group showed better PFS, with OS also improved when data were combined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Allo-SCT after relapse from first line auto-SCT resulted in inferior OS and PFS compared to a second auto-SCT. These findings indicate that allo-SCT should no longer be recommended in patients with multiple myeloma relapsing after first line auto-SCT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.35896","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancerPub Date : 2025-05-07DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35849
Colum Dennehy MB, BCh, MSc, Michael R. Conroy MB, BCh, Patrick M. Forde MB, BCh, PhD
{"title":"Immunotherapy for resectable lung cancer","authors":"Colum Dennehy MB, BCh, MSc, Michael R. Conroy MB, BCh, Patrick M. Forde MB, BCh, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.35849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35849","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lung cancer remains a significant global health challenge, demanding innovative treatment strategies. Immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer care, leading to improved survival across advanced malignancies and has now become a standard therapy for earlier stage, resectable lung cancer. This review article consolidates the current landscape and future prospects of neoadjuvant and perioperative immunotherapy in lung cancer. The authors outline key findings from clinical trials in resectable lung cancer, including early efficacy, safety profiles, and emerging impact on disease recurrence, and overall survival. Additionally, this review elucidates the challenges encountered, including patient selection criteria, optimal treatment schedules, immune-related adverse events, and impact on surgery. This comprehensive analysis amalgamates current evidence with future directions, providing a roadmap for clinicians, researchers, and stakeholders to navigate the dynamic realm of immunotherapy for surgically resectable lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.35849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancerPub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35891
Michael S. Lee BS, Samantha M. Thomas MS, Anna D. Louie MD, Laura H. Rosenberger MD, MS, Rani Bansal MD, Gayle DiLalla MD, Kendra J. M. Parrish DO, Ton Wang MD, MS, Hannah E. Woriax MD, E. Shelley Hwang MD, MPH, Jennifer K. Plichta MD, MS
{"title":"Comparison of survival outcomes for patients with Stage III vs de novo Stage IV breast cancer","authors":"Michael S. Lee BS, Samantha M. Thomas MS, Anna D. Louie MD, Laura H. Rosenberger MD, MS, Rani Bansal MD, Gayle DiLalla MD, Kendra J. M. Parrish DO, Ton Wang MD, MS, Hannah E. Woriax MD, E. Shelley Hwang MD, MPH, Jennifer K. Plichta MD, MS","doi":"10.1002/cncr.35891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35891","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Improvements in systemic therapy have resulted in significant heterogeneity in survival outcomes for metastatic breast cancer patients. As such, recently proposed staging guidelines for de novo metastatic breast cancer stratify patients into four categories (IVA/IVB/IVC/IVD). Expanding on this, overall survival (OS) outcomes for patients with Stage III vs Stage IV breast cancer were compared based on the previously defined American Joint Committee on Cancer guidelines and recently proposed subgroups for de novo metastatic breast cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adult patients diagnosed with Stage III or IV breast cancer in the National Cancer Database (2010–2019) were stratified as IIIA/B/C (American Joint Committee on Cancer, 8th edition) or IVA/B/C/D. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the association between stage subgroups and OS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 81,128 patients (median follow-up, 76.8 months), 83.5% were Stage III and 16.5% Stage IV. Unadjusted 3-year OS rates were 85.7% for Stage III versus 68.3% for Stage IV. From Stage III to Stage IV, OS declined but there was notable convergence in OS between subgroups. The unadjusted 3-year OS for IIIC was 69.6%, which was lower than IVA (87.0%) and IVB (78.4%). Adjusted analysis showed similar trends, with the HR for IIIC at 1.94, which was worse than IVA at 1.20 and IVB at 1.83 (ref: IIIA, overall <i>p</i> < .001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was demonstrated that the survival outcomes for select patients with Stage IV breast cancer have significant convergence in OS with some patients with Stage III disease. These findings may be important for patient counseling, treatment approaches, and clinical trial design.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancerPub Date : 2025-05-05DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35890
Elise Nassif Haddad MD, PhD, Milind M. Javle MD, Timothy A. Yap MD, PhD
{"title":"Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibition in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2–mutant tumors: Bridging science with the clinic","authors":"Elise Nassif Haddad MD, PhD, Milind M. Javle MD, Timothy A. Yap MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.35890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35890","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancerPub Date : 2025-05-05DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35872
Hagop Kantarjian MD, Nitin Jain MD, Mark R. Litzow MD, Selina M. Luger MD, Cristina Papayannidis MD, Josep-Maria Ribera MD, PhD, Nicholas J. Short MD, Helen T. Chifotides PhD, Elias Jabbour MD
{"title":"The evolving therapeutic revolution in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia","authors":"Hagop Kantarjian MD, Nitin Jain MD, Mark R. Litzow MD, Selina M. Luger MD, Cristina Papayannidis MD, Josep-Maria Ribera MD, PhD, Nicholas J. Short MD, Helen T. Chifotides PhD, Elias Jabbour MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.35872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35872","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The past decade has witnessed remarkable advances in deciphering the pathophysiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and in developing novel targeted therapies. Basic research and genomic mapping have identified new prognostic biomarkers, targets, and ALL subtypes (e.g., Philadelphia-like ALL). The ongoing therapeutic revolution in ALL is driven by the addition to the treatment arsenal of therapies that target the <i>ABL</i> fusions, like the BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, as well as novel agents that target CD19 and CD22: the CD22 antibody–drug conjugate inotuzumab ozogamicin, the bispecific CD3/CD19 T-cell engager antibody blinatumomab, and CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies. These combinations have improved the long-term survival rates in B-cell ALL to 70%, and in Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL to 80%–90%. The desired goals are to achieve cure rates comparable to those in pediatric ALL and to reduce or eliminate the need for prolonged intensive/maintenance chemotherapy and associated toxicities.</p>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancerPub Date : 2025-05-05DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35864
Saadettin Kilickap MD, Mustafa Özgüroğlu MD, Ahmet Sezer MD, Mahmut Gümüş MD, Igor Bondarenko MD, Miranda Gogishvili MD, Haci M. Turk MD, Irfan Cicin MD, Dmitry Bentsion MD, Oleg Gladkov MD, Virote Sriuranpong MD, Ruben G. W. Quek PhD, Debra A. G. McIntyre MS, Xuanyao He PhD, Jennifer McGinniss PhD, Frank Seebach MD, Giuseppe Gullo MD, Petra Rietschel MD, Jean-Francois Pouliot PhD
{"title":"Cemiplimab monotherapy as first-line treatment of patients with brain metastases from advanced non–small cell lung cancer with programmed cell death-ligand 1 ≥50%","authors":"Saadettin Kilickap MD, Mustafa Özgüroğlu MD, Ahmet Sezer MD, Mahmut Gümüş MD, Igor Bondarenko MD, Miranda Gogishvili MD, Haci M. Turk MD, Irfan Cicin MD, Dmitry Bentsion MD, Oleg Gladkov MD, Virote Sriuranpong MD, Ruben G. W. Quek PhD, Debra A. G. McIntyre MS, Xuanyao He PhD, Jennifer McGinniss PhD, Frank Seebach MD, Giuseppe Gullo MD, Petra Rietschel MD, Jean-Francois Pouliot PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.35864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35864","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the phase 3 EMPOWER-Lung 1 study, first-line cemiplimab monotherapy provided significant survival benefit versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) ≥50%. This exploratory subgroup analysis investigated the clinical outcomes of cemiplimab treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC with brain metastases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with advanced NSCLC were randomized (1:1) to cemiplimab 350 mg every 3 weeks or four cycles of platinum doublet chemotherapy (NCT03088540). Patients with symptomatic radiotherapy-treated brain metastases were eligible to enroll. Of the 565 patients with confirmed PD-L1 expression ≥50%, 69 (12%) had brain metastases at baseline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with brain metastases who received cemiplimab had a median overall survival (OS) of 52.4 months compared with 20.7 months for those who received chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; <i>p</i> = .0031) and a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 12.5 versus 5.3 months (HR, 0.33; <i>p</i> = .0002), respectively. Patients without brain metastases had a median OS of 24.3 months with cemiplimab versus 12.5 months with chemotherapy (HR, 0.63; <i>p</i> < .0001); their median PFS was 6.5 months versus 5.2 months (HR, 0.55; <i>p</i> < .0001), respectively. Cemiplimab was associated with a significant improvement in global health status/quality of life in all patients, including those with brain metastases. The cemiplimab safety profile was generally similar in all patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In patients with advanced NSCLC with PD-L1 ≥50%, first-line cemiplimab monotherapy improved survival and patient-reported outcomes over chemotherapy for those who received prior radiotherapy for symptomatic brain metastases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.35864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancerPub Date : 2025-05-02DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35888
Christina C. Huang MD, MS, Diandra N. Ayala-Peacock MD, Sarah J. Stephens MD, Junzo P. Chino MD
{"title":"Recent advances in gynecologic radiation oncology","authors":"Christina C. Huang MD, MS, Diandra N. Ayala-Peacock MD, Sarah J. Stephens MD, Junzo P. Chino MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.35888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35888","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Significant advances have been made in the treatment of patients with gynecologic malignancies in the past few years. Integration of molecular testing in endometrial cancer now allows for more accurate risk stratification and personalized treatment recommendations for patients, with PORTEC-4a investigating outcomes after treatment de-escalation based on molecular subgroup. In several clinical trials, mismatch repair-deficiency (MMR-d) status has been proven to be a strong predictor for response to immunotherapy in the advanced/metastatic setting, and the role of immunotherapy in early-stage endometrial cancer is now being investigated. For patients with locally advanced cervical cancer, results from INTERLACE demonstrate that induction chemotherapy is now a viable treatment option, and KEYNOTE A-18 shows promise for the addition of concurrent and maintenance pembrolizumab to chemoradiation. Meanwhile, EMBRACE 1 and 2 have demonstrated the benefits of high-quality image guided brachytherapy, providing patients with locally advanced cervical cancer excellent control with improved toxicity. For patients with vulvar cancer, GOG279 demonstrated that addition of multi-agent chemotherapy with intensity modulated radiation therapy resulted in high rates of complete pathologic response, and GROINS-V III is currently investigating the role of chemotherapy and nodal radiation for patients with macrometastases on sentinel lymph node biopsy. This work summarizes the findings of recent landmark trials in endometrial, cervical, and vulvar cancer and their implications for the radiation oncologist.</p>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CancerPub Date : 2025-04-30DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35877
Monica F. Chen MD, Michael A. Postow MD
{"title":"Top advances of the year: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in melanoma","authors":"Monica F. Chen MD, Michael A. Postow MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.35877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.35877","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"131 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}