Cancer最新文献

{"title":"A retrospective analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with preexisting organ dysfunction","authors":"Meghana Kesireddy MD, Alissa Marr MD, Makayla Schissel MPH, Apar K. Ganti MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.34958","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.34958","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are limited to no data regarding the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients who have preexisting organ dysfunction because these patients are frequently excluded from clinical trials. The authors’ objective was to evaluate the effects of ICIs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and congestive heart failure (CHF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were obtained retrospectively for patients older than 18 years with solid organ malignancies who received at least one dose of an ICI between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2021, and had either CKD (<i>n</i> = 90), cirrhosis (<i>n</i> = 20), COPD (<i>n</i> = 142), or CHF (<i>n</i> = 82) before ICI initiation at the authors’ institution. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics, treatment characteristics, immune-related adverse events (IrAEs), and outcomes. An independent samples <i>t</i>-test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to assess differences in continuous variables; the χ<sup>2</sup> test or the Fisher exact test was used to assess differences in categorical variables between patients with and without IrAEs. Progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves, and the log-rank test was used to assess differences in PFS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In all four cohorts, there were no statistically significant differences in patient characteristics, treatment characteristics, or outcomes, such as the number of hospitalizations and PFS, among those who experienced IrAEs compared with those who did not. In the CKD cohort, patients with IrAEs were significantly less likely to die than those without IrAEs (52% vs. 81% [<i>p</i> = .009] for all patients; 53% vs. 83% [<i>p</i> = .008] for patients with stage II/III disease who received no definitive local treatment and patients with stage IV disease); this difference was not observed in the cirrhosis, COPD, or CHF cohorts. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of heart failure and COPD exacerbations during the receipt of ICIs in the CHF and COPD cohorts, respectively. The incidence and time to onset of IrAEs in this study appeared to be similar to those reported previously in clinical trials that excluded patients with significant comorbidities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The current results demonstrate that ICIs are well tolerated by patients who have preexisting organ dysfunction.</p>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"129 22","pages":"3603-3619"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9946832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low TP53 variant allele frequency as a biomarker for anti-programmed death (ligand) 1 monotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma","authors":"Shouzheng Wang MD,&nbsp;Tongji Xie MBBS,&nbsp;Yan Li MD,&nbsp;Lei Guo MBBS,&nbsp;Jianming Ying MD,&nbsp;Yan Wang MD,&nbsp;Xuezhi Hao MM,&nbsp;Xingyuan Wang MD,&nbsp;Junling Li MD,&nbsp;Puyuan Xing MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.34967","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.34967","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>TP53</i> mutation heterogeneity should be considered when using <i>TP53</i> as a predictive biomarker for anti–programmed death (ligand) 1 (PD-(L)1) monotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, whether <i>TP53</i> variant allele frequency (VAF) should also be considered remains unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with LUAD from both published research and the local cohort were included to discover and validate the relationship between <i>TP53</i> VAF and the efficacy of PD-(L)1 inhibitors. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) LUAD data were included for genomic, transcriptomic, and tumor microenvironment analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 159 patients in the discovery cohort, low <i>TP53</i> VAF patients (VAF ≤ 25%) experienced significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) than both high <i>TP53</i> VAF (5.4 vs. 3.3 months; <i>p</i> = .021) and <i>TP53</i>-wild-type patients (5.4 vs. 2.5 months; <i>p</i> = .011). Multivariate Cox regression revealed low <i>TP53</i> VAF as an independent biomarker of better efficacy. Among 50 patients in the combined validation cohort, median PFS of low <i>TP53</i> VAF patients was also significantly longer than that of high <i>TP53</i> VAF patients (12.0 vs. 2.1 months; <i>p</i> = .037). Analyzed with 469 TCGA LUAD samples, low <i>TP53</i> VAF is associated with significantly higher PD-L1 expression, enrichment of gene sets related to T-cell activation, T cell–mediated immunity, and interferon-γ signaling pathways, and independently associated with more tumor-infiltrating CD8⁺ T cells compared with both high <i>TP53</i> VAF and <i>TP53</i>-wild type.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>TP53</i> VAF should also be considered when using <i>TP53</i> as a predictive biomarker. Only low <i>TP53</i> VAF is independently associated with better efficacy of anti–PD-(L)1 monotherapy, which may result from higher PD-L1 expression and more tumor-infiltrating CD8⁺ T cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"129 24","pages":"3873-3883"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10005225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome of rare primary malignant bone sarcoma treated with multimodal therapy: Results from the EUROpean Bone Over 40 Sarcoma Study (EURO-B.O.S.S.)","authors":"Emanuela Palmerini MD, PhD,&nbsp;Peter Reichardt MD,&nbsp;Kirsten Sundby Hall MD,&nbsp;Rossella Bertulli MD,&nbsp;Stefan S. Bielack MD,&nbsp;Alessandro Comandone MD,&nbsp;Gerlinde Egerer MD,&nbsp;Anna Hansmeier MD,&nbsp;Matthias Kevric MD,&nbsp;Elisa Carretta MD,&nbsp;Lina Hansson MD,&nbsp;Nina Jebsen MD,&nbsp;Mikael Eriksson MD,&nbsp;Øyvind S. Bruland MD,&nbsp;Davide Maria Donati MD, PhD,&nbsp;Toni Ibrahim MD, PhD,&nbsp;Sigbjørn Smeland MD,&nbsp;Stefano Ferrari MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.34964","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.34964","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rare primary malignant bone sarcomas (RPMBS) account for 5%–10% of primary high-grade bone tumors and represent a major treatment challenge. The outcome of patients with RPMBS enrolled in the <i>EUROpean Bone Over 40 Sarcoma Study</i> (EURO-B.O.S.S) is presented.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inclusion criteria were as follows: age from 41 to 65 years and a diagnosis of high-grade spindle cell, pleomorphic, or vascular RPMBS. The chemotherapy regimen included doxorubicin 60 mg/m², ifosfamide 9 g/m², and cisplatin 90 mg/m²; postoperative methotrexate 8 g/m² was added in case of a poor histologic response. Version 2.0 of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Kaplan–Meier curves, log-rank tests, and univariate Cox regression models were used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 113 patients were evaluable for analysis. The median patient age was 52 years (range, 40–66 years), and 67 patients were men. Eighty-eight tumors were categorized as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS), 20 were categorized as leiomyosarcomas, three were categorized as fibrosarcomas, and two were categorized as angiosarcomas. Eighty-three of 113 tumors were located in the extremities. Ninety-five of 113 patients presented with no evidence of metastases. After a median follow-up of 6.8 years (interquartile range [IQR], 3.5–9.8 years), the 5-year overall survival rate for patients with localized disease was 68.4% (IQR, 56.9%–77.5%), and it was 71.7% (IQR, 58.1%–81.6%) for patients with UPS and 54.9% (IQR, 29.5%–74.5%) for patients with leiomyosarcoma. Grade III–IV hematologic toxicity was reported in 81% patients; 23% had grade II–III neurotoxicity, and 37.5% had grade I–II nephrotoxicity. Five-year overall survival was significantly better for patients with localized disease, for patients who obtained surgical complete remission, and when the primary tumor was located in the extremities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The survival of patients who had RPMBS in the current series was similar to that of age-matched patients who had high-grade osteosarcoma treated according to the same protocol. An osteosarcoma-like chemotherapy may be proposed in patients who have RPMBS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"129 22","pages":"3564-3573"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10188243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to “Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma among older Americans attributable to hepatitis C and hepatitis B: 2001 through 2013”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cncr.34961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.34961","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This erratum corrects the following:</p><p>Shiels MS, Engels EA, Yanik EL, McGlynn KA, Pfeiffer RM, O’Brien TR. Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma among older Americans attributable to hepatitis C and hepatitis B: 2001 through 2013. <i>Cancer.</i> 2019;125(15):2621-2630. doi:10.1002/cncr.32129</p><p>Please note that a data importation error resulted in the age-specific hepatocellular carcinoma rates being calculated with the full population, rather than the age-specific population, as the denominator. Although this error reduced each age-specific rate, it did not change the interpretation of the trends or the inferences of the study. The authors apologize for the error and have included edited versions of Table 2 (with changes marked in italics) and Figure 2. In addition, the text on page 2625 should be edited as follows (with changes again marked in italics): “HCC rates increased across age groups (ages 66-75 years: <i>3.13%</i> per year; ages 76-85 years: <i>3.91%</i> per year; and age ≥86 years: <i>2.45%</i> per year) and were highest among individuals aged 66 to 75 years.”</p>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"129 19","pages":"3076-3078"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.34961","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5643675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proton beam radiotherapy versus transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: Results of a randomized clinical trial","authors":"David A. Bush MD,&nbsp;Michael Volk MD,&nbsp;Jason C. Smith MD,&nbsp;Mark E. Reeves MD, PhD,&nbsp;Samrat Sanghvi MD,&nbsp;Jerry D. Slater MD,&nbsp;Michael deVera MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.34965","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.34965","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study compares survival rates, recurrence patterns, toxicity, and treatment cost in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with either transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or proton beam radiotherapy (PBT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Subjects with untreated HCC meeting Milan or San Francisco transplant criteria were recruited. Subjects were randomized to receive PBT (<i>n</i> = 36) or TACE (<i>n</i> = 40). Proton therapy was administered in 15 fractions over 3 weeks to a total dose of 70.2 Gy. TACE was repeated until complete or maximal response. The primary outcome measure was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), local control (LC), toxicity, and cost.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 76 randomized patients, 74 were assessed for outcome measures. The 2-year OS for PBT versus TACE was similar at 68%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54–0.86, and 65%, 95% CI, 0.52–0.83 (<i>p</i> = .80), however, median PFS was improved for PBT versus TACE (not reached vs. 12 months, <i>p</i> = .002). LC was improved with PBT versus TACE (hazard ratio, 5.64; 95% CI, 1.78–17.9, <i>p</i> = .003). Days of posttreatment hospitalization were 24 for PBT and 166 for TACE (<i>p</i> &lt; .001). Total mean cost per patient for treatment and posttreatment care revealed a 28% cost savings for PBT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PBT and TACE yielded similar OS for treatment of HCC, but PFS and LC were improved with PBT compared to TACE. Patients treated with PBT required fewer courses of treatment, fewer posttreatment hospitalization days, and reduced cost of treatment compared to TACE. These data support the use of PBT as a viable treatment alternative to TACE for patients with HCC within transplant criteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"129 22","pages":"3554-3563"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9883831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological, clinical, immunophenotypic characterization, and treatment outcomes of prognostically significant genetic subtypes of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report of 1021 patients from India","authors":"Dikshat Gopal Gupta PhD,&nbsp;Neelam Varma MD,&nbsp;Praveen Sharma MD,&nbsp;Mihai I. Truica MD, PhD,&nbsp;Sarki A. Abdulkadir MD, PhD,&nbsp;Parmod Singh PhD,&nbsp;Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva MD,&nbsp;Shano Naseem MD,&nbsp;Mohammad Rizwan Siddiqui PhD,&nbsp;Parveen Bose MSc,&nbsp;Jogeshwar Binota MSc,&nbsp;Pankaj Malhotra MD,&nbsp;Alka Khadwal MD,&nbsp;Amita Trehan,&nbsp;Subhash Varma MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.34957","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.34957","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The published literature on hematological, clinical, flowcytometric-immunophenotyping, and minimal residual disease outcomes of the prognostically important genetic subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is scarce from low-income countries. For newer classifications such as &lt;i&gt;BCR::ABL1&lt;/i&gt;-like ALLs, the scarcity of patient-level data is even more pronounced.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The authors performed comprehensive detection of recurrent gene fusions and &lt;i&gt;BCR::ABL1&lt;/i&gt;-like ALL cases followed by immunophenotypic profiling and obtained clinical outcome parameters for a large cohort (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1021) of patients from India. This cohort included a significant number of patients with &lt;i&gt;BCR::ABL1&lt;/i&gt;-like ALL subtype and other genetic subtypes of ALL.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Patients with &lt;i&gt;BCR::ABL1&lt;/i&gt;-positive and &lt;i&gt;BCR::ABL1&lt;/i&gt;-like ALL were significantly older, had male preponderance, and expressed a higher white blood cell count than &lt;i&gt;BCR::ABL1&lt;/i&gt;-negative cases (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; .05). Logistic regression modeling of B-lineage-ALL (B-ALL) subtypes revealed that cluster of differentiation (CD)36 is a strong statistically significant predictive marker of &lt;i&gt;BCR::ABL1&lt;/i&gt;-like ALL (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; .05). Furthermore, patients with &lt;i&gt;BCR::ABL1&lt;/i&gt;-like ALLs show a significantly higher frequency of CD36 expression compared to &lt;i&gt;BCR::ABL1&lt;/i&gt;-negative ALLs (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; .05). In terms of clinical symptoms, lymphadenopathy is a strong statistically significant predictive marker in &lt;i&gt;BCR::ABL1&lt;/i&gt;-like ALLs compared to &lt;i&gt;BCR::ABL1&lt;/i&gt;-negative ALL cases (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; .05). In terms of treatment outcomes, minimal residual disease (MRD) positivity in &lt;i&gt;BCR::ABL1&lt;/i&gt;-positive ALL cases were statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; .05), and &lt;i&gt;BCR::ABL1&lt;/i&gt;-like ALL cases had high MRD-positivity as compared to &lt;i&gt;BCR::ABL1&lt;/i&gt;-negative ALL cases but did not show statistical significance.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The findings evince the use of novel therapies and personalized treatment regimens to improve the overall survival of the newer incorporated entities in B-ALLs. This is the first report characterizing the hematological, clinical, flowcytometric-immunophenotyping, and minimal residual disease outcomes of the prognostically significant subtypes of ALLs in patients from India.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Plain Language Summary&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"129 21","pages":"3390-3404"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10241498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social isolation and social connectedness among young adult cancer survivors: A systematic review","authors":"Rina S. Fox PhD, MPH,&nbsp;Grace E. Armstrong MA,&nbsp;Julia S. Gaumond BA,&nbsp;Taylor F. D. Vigoureux PhD,&nbsp;Corinne H. Miller MLIS,&nbsp;Stacy D. Sanford PhD,&nbsp;John M. Salsman PhD,&nbsp;Emmanuel Katsanis MD,&nbsp;Terry A. Badger PhD,&nbsp;Damon R. Reed MD,&nbsp;Brian D. Gonzalez PhD,&nbsp;Heather S. L. Jim PhD,&nbsp;Echo L. Warner PhD, MPH,&nbsp;David E. Victorson PhD,&nbsp;Laura B. Oswald PhD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.34934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.34934","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Social isolation and connectedness are social determinants of health that have demonstrated effects on cancer-related outcomes. These constructs have been systematically evaluated among pediatric and older adult cancer populations. In this review, the authors evaluated the prevalence, correlates, and psychosocial implications of social isolation and connectedness among young adult (YA) cancer survivors aged 18–39 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peer-reviewed articles published in English before June 2021 were identified from database searches and included articles' reference lists according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Included articles described studies that assessed social isolation and/or connectedness among YA cancer survivors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 5094 unique records were identified; 4143 were excluded after title/abstract screening, and 907 were excluded after full-text review. Forty-four articles were included. Few studies used validated measures or directly assessed social isolation or connectedness. Social isolation was similarly prevalent among YAs and older cancer survivors and noncancer populations. Demographic, clinical, and behavioral risk and protective factors for social isolation were identified. Social isolation was related to worse psychological well-being, whereas social connectedness was often, but not always, related to better psychological well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This growing literature underscores the relevance of social isolation and connectedness as important health determinants among YA cancer survivors. The identified risk and protective factors can identify YAs who especially may benefit from screening for social isolation. Future studies are needed that directly, reliably, and validly evaluate social isolation and connectedness to inform the development of interventions to decrease isolation and increase connectedness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"129 19","pages":"2946-2965"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cncr.34934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5713207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racism and health among cancer survivors","authors":"Stephanie M. Smith MD MPH,&nbsp;Lidia Schapira MD","doi":"10.1002/cncr.34963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.34963","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dedicated efforts are needed to measure the impact of racism and discrimination on the health of cancer survivors and simultaneously to develop tools and resources to mitigate adverse health effects. Interventions to improve mental health outcomes for cancer survivors, with special emphasis on those at increased risk because of social and structural factors, should begin now.</p>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"129 19","pages":"2941-2943"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5713206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging Black sexual minority women in breast cancer research: Lessons in community partnerships","authors":"Sophia R. Geffen MPH, MSN, RN,&nbsp;Tonia Poteat PhD,&nbsp;Lorraine T. Dean ScD,&nbsp;Jowanna Malone PhD, MSc,&nbsp;Naomi Greene PhD,&nbsp;Mary Anne Adams MSW","doi":"10.1002/cncr.34960","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.34960","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Black sexual minority women (BSMW) face significant breast cancer health inequities and are underrepresented in health research because of historical and present-day exclusion. However, there exists no peer-reviewed literature on best practices for the inclusion of BSMW in cancer research. “Our Breast Health: The Access Project” was a national primary data collection study in June 2018 through October 2019 that aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to breast cancer care among BSMW, and that successfully recruited the highest number of BSMW for any national breast cancer screening study at the time of its publication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present analysis highlights best practices for reaching BSMW by examining by how effective various recruitment sources were at recruiting BSMW. Recruitment partners were grouped into several categories: (1) cancer focused, (2) Black women or sexual minority women focused, (3) BSMW focused, (4) social media, and (5) other. Then logistic regression was used to estimate the odds that a particular recruitment source category could recruit BSMW compared with other categories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Partnerships with community-based organizations led by and intended for BSMW were the most successful at recruiting BSMW, demonstrating the importance of an intersectional approach to recruitment. Community-based organizations focused on BSMW specifically were 26 times more successful in recruiting BSMW to the study compared with recruiting Black women who were not sexual minorities (odds ratio, 26.43 [95% CI, 7.50–93.10]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Successful recruitment enables breast cancer research grounded in the perspectives of BSMW, which can generate key findings that have the potential to remedy longstanding health inequities for this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"129 21","pages":"3439-3447"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9932166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accounting for Medicaid expansion and regional policy and programs to advance equity in cancer prevention in the United States","authors":"Kirsten Y. Eom PhD, MPH,&nbsp;Siran M. Koroukian PhD,&nbsp;Weichuan Dong PhD,&nbsp;Uriel Kim PhD,&nbsp;Johnie Rose MD, PhD,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Albert PhD,&nbsp;Kristine M. Zanotti MD,&nbsp;Cynthia Owusu MD,&nbsp;Gregory Cooper MD,&nbsp;Jennifer Tsui PhD, MPH","doi":"10.1002/cncr.34956","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cncr.34956","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Many studies compare state-level outcomes to estimate changes attributable to Medicaid expansion. However, it is imperative to conduct more granular, demographic-level analyses to inform current efforts on cancer prevention among low-income adults. Therefore, the authors compared the volume of patients with cancer and disease stage at diagnosis in Ohio, which expanded its Medicaid coverage in 2014, with those in Georgia, a nonexpansion state, by cancer site and health insurance status.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The authors used state cancer registries from 2010 to 2017 to identify adults younger than 64 years who had incident female breast cancer, cervical cancer, or colorectal cancer. Multivariable Poisson regression was conducted by cancer type, health insurance, and state to examine the risk of late-stage disease, adjusting for individual-level and area-level covariates. A difference-in-differences framework was then used to estimate the differences in risks of late-stage diagnosis in Ohio versus Georgia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In Ohio, the largest increase in all three cancer types was observed in the Medicaid group after Medicaid expansion. In addition, significantly reduced risks of late-stage disease were observed among patients with breast cancer on Medicaid in Ohio by approximately 7% and among patients with colorectal cancer on Medicaid in Ohio and Georgia after expansion by approximately 6%. Notably, the authors observed significantly reduced risks of late-stage diagnosis among all patients with colorectal cancer in Georgia after expansion.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;More early stage cancers in the Medicaid-insured and/or uninsured groups after expansion suggest that the reduced cancer burden in these vulnerable population subgroups may be attributed to Medicaid expansion. Heterogeneous risks of late-stage disease by cancer type highlight the need for comprehensive evaluation frameworks, including local cancer prevention efforts and federal health policy reforms.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Plain Language Summary&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study looked at how Medicaid expansion affected cancer diagnosis and treatment in two states, Ohio and Georgia.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The researchers found that, after Ohio expanded their Medicai","PeriodicalId":138,"journal":{"name":"Cancer","volume":"129 24","pages":"3915-3927"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9856980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}