International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Analysis and Design of Constant Current/Constant Voltage Output of Array Multitransmitter Inductive Power Transfer System","authors":"Da Li,&nbsp;Pan Sun,&nbsp;Jianghua Lu,&nbsp;Enguo Rong,&nbsp;Yuan Li,&nbsp;Xusheng Wu,&nbsp;Qijun Deng","doi":"10.1002/cta.4456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4456","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wireless power transfer has been widely used in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) charging due to its convenient and flexible noncontact charging characteristics. The working area of the uncoupler inductive power transfer (IPT) system is limited, and ZVS is easily lost in phase-shift modulation. This paper proposes a method for constant current (CC) /constant voltage (CV) output in an array multitransmitter IPT system based on HFP modulation in a wide working area. The HFP modulation method easily realizes the current phase synchronization of multiple transmitter coils, and the size can be adjusted. At the same time, an efficient optimization model for a multitransmitter IPT system based on HFP modulation is proposed. Finally, an experimental platform for the array multitransmitter IPT system is built to verify the effectiveness of the CC/CV output realization method and the efficiency optimization model for the multitransmitter IPT system. The maximum errors in charging current and voltage are less than 2.52% and 2.1%, respectively, and the peak efficiency of the IPT system reaches 87.3%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 10","pages":"5651-5668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 24.7- to 42.2-GHz Tuning Range Quad-Core Triple-Mode VCO Using Inductor-Sharing Technique","authors":"Congyi Zhang,&nbsp;Xinsheng Wang,&nbsp;Xiyue Wang,&nbsp;Yanhong Song","doi":"10.1002/cta.4462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4462","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a wide tuning range and low phase noise is extensively employed in domains such as 5G, 6G, and satellite communication. This article commences with the phase noise model to conduct an analysis of the multicore VCO. Subsequently, the mode-switching technology is elucidated. On this foundation, an X-shaped compact equalizing on-chip transformer design based on the inductor sharing technique is proposed. The transformer with three modes is devised to enhance the output frequency range of the VCO. Distinct from the traditional capacitive coupling, the alteration of the effective inductance value is accomplished through the coupling between the inductors to complete the regulation of the oscillation frequency range. The proposed VCO architecture, fabricated using a 40-nm process, demonstrates a 52.3% continuous frequency tuning range, spanning from 24.7 to 42.2 GHz, as verified through post-simulation. When the bias is at a 10 MHz, the phase noise varies within the range of −123 to −132 dBc/Hz while FoM and FoM_T respectively fluctuate from 177 to 193 dBc/Hz and 191 to 208 dBc/Hz. Both phase noise and FoM are improved, with a minimal chip area of only 0.057 mm².</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 10","pages":"5701-5714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmitter-Side Converter Controlled Wireless EV Charging System Tracing Maximum Efficiency Using Model Predictive Control","authors":"Venugopal R,&nbsp;Balaji C","doi":"10.1002/cta.4425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4425","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dynamic response, lack of efficient power transfer, and high response time resulting in increased losses and reduced minimal efficiency are the major issues of the existing controls in the wireless power transfer (WPT) for EV charging applications. Model predictive (MP) control can handle several constraints and disturbances by predicting the future behavior of the system and generating control signals accordingly, making the system stable, and operating at high efficiency. This work proposes transmitter-side model predictive (MP) control for the three-level T-type inverter–based wireless EV chargers. The prime focus of this article is attaining remarkable efficiency and offering CC/CV charging for the EV battery. The validation of the proposed MP control is carried out with a 3.3-kW laboratory model. The steady-state behavior and dynamic performance under sudden changes in the load and misalignment (vertical and horizontal) were studied in detail. The results provided validate the effectiveness of the proposed MP control.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 10","pages":"5924-5936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Network Partitioning Method for Real-Time Simulation of Power System Based on State-Space and Branch Cutting","authors":"Haoyun Sheng,&nbsp;Guangsen Wang,&nbsp;Guoyong Chen,&nbsp;Zhiwei Wang,&nbsp;Qing Liu","doi":"10.1002/cta.4434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4434","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the sustainable development of the power system, the dynamic characteristics of the system are becoming increasingly complex. The electric network partitioning method is an effective approach for implementing real-time simulation of complex power systems. This paper proposes a novel electric network partitioning method based on state space and branch cutting, aiming to enhance efficiency and precision of real-time simulation. In the proposed method, the entire system is partitioned into multiple subsystems through branch cutting. Each cut branch is modeled based on Kirchhoff's voltage law and the characteristics of components. Each subsystem is solved using the state-space method, and all subsystems can be simulated in parallel. Compared with traditional network partitioning methods, the proposed method effectively reduces the computational cost resulting from integrating state-space and branch cutting methods. Additionally, the proposed method eliminates the need for time delay, which can ensure high precision. Finally, the advantages of the proposed method are verified through several real-time simulations of an RLC circuit, a grid-connected inverter system with an LCL filter, and a boost-inverter system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 10","pages":"6103-6117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Optimized Multi-Objective FCS-MPC Without Weighting Factors of NPC Three-Level Inverter","authors":"Ningzhi Jin,&nbsp;Jing Yang,&nbsp;Jiaowei Hou,&nbsp;Mingyang Gao,&nbsp;Dongyang Sun","doi":"10.1002/cta.4449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4449","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To address a series of issues in the application of finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) strategy for neutral point clamped (NPC) three-level inverters, such as large amount of rolling optimization calculation, poor midpoint voltage balance effect, high common mode voltage, and complex design of weighting coefficients, this paper proposes an optimized multi-objective FCS-MPC strategy without weighting factors. First, the method applies the idea of space vector region division, to obtain the optimal region based on Lyapunov function, and combines with delay compensation, reducing the system's optimization time and enhancing the control precision of the system. Second, aiming at the issue of multi-objective control for inverters, by constructing the objective function to control tracking reference current, midpoint voltage balance, and reduce common mode voltage, a hierarchical optimization control method is adopted. This approach eliminates the need to design complex weighting coefficients constrained in the objective function as constraints, thereby improving the accuracy of predicted currents. Finally, the optimized multi-objective FCS-MPC control strategy is validated through simulation and experimentation to achieve a better balance of midpoint voltage and reduce common mode voltage and harmonic content, thereby enhancing the control precision and dynamic/static performance of the system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 10","pages":"6039-6058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FPGA Implementation of PRNGs Based on Chaotic Systems Optimized by DE, GWO, and PSO","authors":"María Fernanda Moreno-López,&nbsp;Angel Joel Lara-Martinez,&nbsp;Astrid Maritza Gonzalez-Zapata,&nbsp;Alejandro Silva-Juarez,&nbsp;Luis Gerardo de la Fraga,&nbsp;Esteban Tlelo-Cuautle","doi":"10.1002/cta.4435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4435","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The optimization of chaotic systems remains a challenge because the search space of the design parameters can have several orders of magnitude, causing that the corresponding eigenvalues can be very sparse, thus producing unnecessary long simulation times. This imposes the need of estimating the step-size \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>h</mi></math> of the numerical method that discretizes the ordinary differential equations. In this manner, the proposed work shows the optimization of chaotic systems, by applying differential evolution (DE), grey wolf optimization (GWO), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. Within the optimization loop, \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>h</mi></math> is estimated taking into account the inverse of the highest eigenvalue, and the total time simulation is estimated by taking the inverse of the lowest eigenvalue. The constraints consider that a chaotic system is simulated only if there exist two complex eigenvalues and if the Fourier transform of the chaotic time series has a spectrum area in a certain threshold. A single-objective function is associated to maximize the Kaplan–Yorke dimension \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>K</mi>\u0000 <mi>Y</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub></math>, and then PSO, DE, and GWO are executed with the same number of runs, generations, and population individuals. Their performances are compared by Wilcoxon and Levene tests. The best solutions obtained for each optimization algorithm and for each chaotic system are used to implement pseudo-random number generators (PRNG). Finally, the PRNGs that passed NIST and TestU01 tests are implemented into a field-programmable gate array.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 10","pages":"5875-5892"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosing Broken Rotor Bar Faults in Speed-Sensorless Squirrel Cage Induction Motors Using Principal Component Analysis and Knowledge Graph","authors":"Xusong Bai,&nbsp;Xiangjin Song,&nbsp;Zhaowei Wang,&nbsp;Wenxiang Zhao,&nbsp;Qian Chen","doi":"10.1002/cta.4447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4447","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Squirrel cage induction motors (SCIMs) are integral to numerous industrial applications, and the accurate monitoring and diagnosis of rotor bar conditions are paramount for enhancing system productivity and minimizing maintenance expenditures. However, the existing techniques for diagnosing broken rotor bars (BRBs) faults are often constrained by the voltage imbalance conditions and the low slip in practical applications. This paper introduces an innovative approach to BRBs fault diagnosis, using principal component analysis (PCA) and knowledge graph (KG) methodologies. PCA, which is robust to imbalanced conditions, is employed to demodulate the stator current signals and isolate the phase modulation (PM) component. The calculated PM index serves as a fault indicator. Concurrently, the KG framework is introduced to detect the BRB fault and quantify the severity. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method under different load levels and fault severities.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 10","pages":"6000-6010"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power Sharing of Different Distributed Generator Sets in Microgrid Based on Consensus Control","authors":"Fangyuan Li,&nbsp;Xuke Zuo,&nbsp;Zixia Cheng,&nbsp;Yanhong Liu","doi":"10.1002/cta.4445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4445","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microgrids incorporate renewable energy sources, battery energy storage systems (BESS), and local loads to operate either with the main grid or independently. In microgrids, virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) and droop control are commonly used to regulate renewable energy sources, providing frequency and voltage control. The VSG and droop control adjust active power based on frequency deviation. However, their effectiveness depends on parameters and does not fully address power-sharing issues. Traditionally, power sharing is handled by secondary control via the microgrid central controller (MGCC), introducing a centralized, hierarchical approach. To enhance decentralization in microgrids, this paper proposes a consensus based power sharing scheme and its corresponding control for the distributed generators (DGs). The output power levels of DG units are determined by their capacities, ensuring efficient operation. Unlike existing approaches using a hierarchical framework, this work integrates primary and secondary control into a unified distributed control framework. Building on VSG control for microgrid voltage regulation, consensus control is added to manage the distribution of active power. A rigorous theoretical analysis is conducted to validate the proposed method. The method is capable of ensuring active power sharing without relying on an MGCC, and the sharing is also based on the ratio of rated capacities. The controller proposed in this paper achieves the expected control performance, effectively distributing active power sharing in the microgrid. Finally, the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method are verified through comprehensive case studies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 10","pages":"6027-6038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chopper-Based Capacitor Voltage Equalization in Four-Switch Split Capacitor Distribution Static Compensator With a Zig-Zag Transformer","authors":"Gajangi Arun Kumar,&nbsp;Ganjikunta Siva Kumar,&nbsp;Koyyana Srinivasa Rao,&nbsp;Chinna Karasala","doi":"10.1002/cta.4443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4443","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A three-phase four-switch split capacitor distribution static compensator (FSSC-DSTATCOM) with a zig-zag transformer is used to mitigate current-related power quality issues in the distribution system. In conventional DSTATCOM, a significant dc component of current diverges voltages across split capacitors, degrading the current tracking performance and increasing the source current THD. The proposed FSSC-DSTATCOM with chopper circuit equalizes the voltages across split capacitors, improves the current tracking performance, and reduces the source current THD. Moreover, FSSC-DSTATCOM reduces the switch count compared to conventional approaches that use more switches. In FSSC-DSTATCOM, switching pulses for each switch are generated using hysteresis current control based on the reference filter currents derived from instantaneous symmetrical component theory (ISCT). The generation of switching pulses of chopper circuit is achieved by employing logical relational operator circuitry at the dc input side of DSTATCOM. Simulation and hardware implementation are used to verify the proposed FSSC-DSTATCOM with the chopper circuit.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 10","pages":"6085-6102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power Imbalance Analysis and Minimum Imbalance Power Based Power Balance Control for Nonagonal MMC in FFTS-Based Offshore Wind Farm","authors":"Wenjun Liu,&nbsp;Bicheng Xu,&nbsp;Wenhui Huang,&nbsp;Yaoqiang Wang,&nbsp;Genxu Chen,&nbsp;Yan Chen","doi":"10.1002/cta.4441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.4441","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nonagonal modular multilevel converter (MMC) can achieve three-port direct AC-AC conversion and has good low frequency performance. Additionally, due to its highly branch-reused structure, it is advantageous in cost and size for the application in FFTS-based offshore wind farm. However, the instantaneous power of the branches in nonagonal MMC has an inherent DC component which would result in power imbalance and system instability. The traditional way to suppress the imbalance power is to insert DC neutral point bias voltages and indirectly generating a DC component in circulating current. Together, they can offset the imbalance power. Nonetheless, this would significantly increase the voltage and current stress of converter switching devices and hence weakening its advantages in cost. To address this issue, the generating mechanism of power imbalance is analyzed by comparing nonagonal MMC with other power balanced converters. The formerly neglected phase angle difference of the same frequency ports is also considered and is proved to have a significant influence on the overall imbalance power. Accordingly, a parameter adjustment method is proposed to obtain minimum imbalance power for nonagonal MMC. The effectiveness of the parameter adjustment method is verified by RTlab results, and the overall imbalance power can be reduced by as great as 99.35%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13874,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications","volume":"53 10","pages":"6011-6026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}