International Journal of Electrochemical Science最新文献

{"title":"Combined X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) and electrochemical analysis of electrolyte-regulated stability of Li-metal anodes","authors":"Renzhi Jiang,&nbsp;Yuncheng Cai,&nbsp;Ningning Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rechargeable Li metal batteries are regarded as a pragmatic solution in the pursuit of cell-level energy densities exceeding 500 Wh kg⁻¹. However, their stable operation remains a formidable challenge, primarily due to the dendritic and heterogeneous Li plating/stripping behavior of the Li metal anode, which is strongly influenced by electrolyte chemistry. Herein, we employ synergetic X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) and electrochemical characterization to examine electrolyte-dependent stabilization of Li metal interfaces and structural integrity. X-CT analysis uncovered Li plating/stripping dynamics and crack propagation in ester-based (ES) and ether-based (ET) electrolytes We reveal that, compared to conventional ES electrolytes, advanced ET electrolytes markedly enhance the homogeneity and densification of Li deposition, effectively suppressing dendrite formation and mitigating electrode structural degradation. This improvement is attributed to the enhanced stability of electrode structure, coupled with accelerated Li⁺ transport kinetics. With a 50 μm-thick electrode, Li||Li symmetric cells exhibit remarkable longevity, sustaining stable operation for over 1200 h at 1 mA cm⁻² and 1 mAh cm⁻², and extending to 2000 h at 1 mA cm⁻² and 2 mAh cm⁻². When applied to practical full cells with a high cathode loading of 4 mAh cm⁻² and a 50 μm-thick bare Li electrode, LiNi_0.95Mn_0.03Co_0.02O₂ (NMC9532) ||Li cells demonstrate superior capacity retention, 96 % after 100 cycles and 74 % after 200 cycles at 0.3 C, outperforming their counterparts with carbonate-based electrolytes (50 % retention after 200 cycles under identical conditions). This work offers valuable insights into electrolyte-dependent Li plating behavior and the evolution of the electrolyte/electrode interface under practical conditions, paving the way for the development of high-energy-density Li metal batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 12","pages":"Article 101224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabric-integrated supercapacitors as power sources for wearable motion sensors","authors":"Dongmei Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wearable motion monitoring systems demand power sources that are lightweight, flexible, and mechanically resilient while providing sufficient electrochemical performance under real-world conditions. This review critically surveys recent progress in fabric-integrated supercapacitors, emphasizing their unique suitability for intermittent, high-power operation in wearable electronics. The discussion begins with an evaluation of carbon-based, pseudocapacitive, and hybrid electrode materials, highlighting advances in nanostructuring, heterostructure design, and composite engineering that balance conductivity, capacitance, and durability. Fabrication strategies—including dip-coating, screen printing, wet spinning, and electrodeposition—are compared in terms of scalability, adhesion, and impact on textile comfort, with particular attention to the “scalability gap” that separates laboratory prototypes from manufacturable devices. The role of solid-state and gel polymer electrolytes is analyzed, noting their trade-offs between safety, ionic conductivity, and mechanical stability. Performance benchmarking across diverse material and device architectures reveals impressive power densities and mechanical robustness but also exposes the persistent challenge of low energy density relative to batteries. Case studies demonstrate that while current devices cannot yet serve as sole continuous power sources, their high-rate capabilities and durability position them as effective energy buffers when coupled with harvesting technologies such as thermoelectrics or triboelectrics. By situating these developments within the context of wearable sensor requirements, this review provides a holistic perspective on the state of fabric-integrated supercapacitors and delineates the material, processing, and integration strategies necessary to close the gap toward practical deployment in next-generation e-textiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 12","pages":"Article 101220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphite anode with thick honeycomb architecture and high areal capacity fabricated via FDM 3D printing for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Qiongzhen Zeng ,&nbsp;Zhiyu Huo ,&nbsp;Dongdong Wu ,&nbsp;Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Jinan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphite as the most widely used commercial anode material, has been developed to approach the theoretical upper limit of specific capacity, which possibly unsatisfied market demand in the coming future. To pursuit higher energy density Li-ion batteries (LIBs), a way of increasing anode thickness to improve areal capacity is proposed. 3D printing as an emerging technology, has more potential than traditional slurry-casting method in manufacturing the thick electrodes. Hence, this work employs Fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing and carbonization process to fabricate a thick electrode without current collector, 3D-G, which has honeycomb architecture, high areal mass loading and high areal capacity. With the biggest thickness, 3D-G can present a 16.96 mg cm⁻² areal mass loading. The architecture offers surface channel to facilitate electrolyte infiltration and Li-ion diffusion that alleviates the kinetics defect caused by scaling up thickness. With a 0.6 mm electrode thickness and 0.5 mm honeycomb thickness, 3D-G delivered a 1.69 mAh cm⁻² remaining capacity and a 2.53 mAh cm⁻² average capacity after 100 cycles at a 0.3 mA cm⁻². This research reveals the defects of graphite thick electrode and contributes a surface channel strategy to fabricate thick electrodes and optimize the rate and cycle capability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 12","pages":"Article 101219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of reaction time on the morphology and electrochemical performance of Co₃O₄/Carbon cloth cathodes for zinc-ion batteries","authors":"Kefan Wu,&nbsp;Zhe Wang,&nbsp;Yujia Wang,&nbsp;Ying Ma,&nbsp;Tianran Lin,&nbsp;Youfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) show great promise for applications in smart grid energy storage, power tools, and other fields. Among various cathode materials, Co₃O₄ stands out as an ideal candidate. However, while many studies have focused on the synthesis, design, and doping of cathode materials, the influence of synthesis parameters such as hydrothermal reaction time on morphology and electrochemical performance has been less explored. In this study, Co₃O₄/CC cathode materials were fabricated on carbon cloth via hydrothermal reactions with different durations: 3, 4, 6, and 8 h. The electrode synthesized over 8 h exhibited the best battery performance. It featured uniformly distributed Co₃O₄ nanowires with a regular surface and small dimensions on the carbon cloth. The corresponding Zn-ion battery demonstrated excellent rate capability and low reaction resistance. Within a voltage window of 0.01–2.2 V, the initial discharge specific capacity reached 108.2 mAh/g at a current density of 1 A/g. After 60 charge–discharge cycles, the specific capacity increased to 142.6 mAh/g, indicating good cycling stability. This work provides optimized hydrothermal reaction conditions for preparing high-performance Co₃O₄ cathodes for zinc-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 12","pages":"Article 101215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in sports science: Applications, insights and future directions","authors":"Yuanyuan Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Xu,&nbsp;Aixin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) has emerged as a promising bioelectrochemical method to evaluate physiological states and monitor training responses in athletes. This review synthesizes current evidence on BIVA’s applications in four major domains: hydration assessment, body composition and training adaptation, injury monitoring and recovery, and performance profiling. Unlike conventional single-parameter bioimpedance metrics, BIVA integrates resistance and reactance normalized for height to yield phase angle and vector displacement within population tolerance ellipses, enabling a qualitative assessment of cellular integrity and fluid distribution. In hydration monitoring, vectors typically lengthen and migrate upward with fluid loss when assessed serially under standardized conditions; single time-point classification is less sensitive in individuals. We outline practical thresholds for meaningful change using paired vector statistics for groups and reference-change values for individuals, and we summarize evidence from exercise hypohydration and training adaptations. Longitudinal studies indicate that training-induced increases in body cell mass correspond to leftward and shorter vectors, while segmental BIVA enhances resolution for localized muscle groups. Evidence also supports the use of BIVA to detect injury-related tissue alterations, track edema resolution, and guide return-to-play decisions through vector re-alignment toward pre-injury values. Furthermore, correlations between phase angle and performance indices such as VO₂max, muscle power, and neuromuscular efficiency suggest BIVA’s potential to complement performance assessments. However, variability due to electrode placement, skin temperature, posture, and timing relative to exercise underscores the need for standardized protocols and sport-specific reference ellipses. Future integration of multifrequency data and machine learning-driven pattern recognition may strengthen BIVA’s predictive capacity, transforming it from a descriptive biomarker into a decision-support tool for individualized athlete management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 12","pages":"Article 101222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrodeposition of gradient Ni/SiO₂ nanocomposite coatings on St.37 steel: Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance","authors":"P. Ashtari,&nbsp;T. Gholizadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research focused on the possibility of fabricating a gradient Ni/SiO₂ nanocomposite coating on a St. 37 substrate using the electrodeposition method from a Watts bath. The effects of applied current density and nanoparticle (NP) concentration on the coatings' composition, microstructure, microhardness, and corrosion resistance were investigated. GDS and EDS analyses were used to quantify the NP concentration and evaluate the NP dispersion in the coating, respectively. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed via Design-Expert software for process optimization. Following the determination of optimized parameters, a gradient coating was successfully produced under three distinct deposition conditions. The microstructure of the coatings was studied using XRD, and the mechanical and electrochemical properties were evaluated through microhardness measurements and potentiodynamic polarization tests, respectively. Findings confirmed the successful production of a gradient coating, with SiO₂ content precisely controlled from 0.69 wt% at the interface to a maximum of 3.49 wt% at the surface. The incorporation of SiO₂ NPs induced significant grain refinement, reducing the average crystallite size from 138 nm to 90 nm. This microstructural modification resulted in a corresponding increase in microhardness to 359 Hv. The corrosion current density decreases by up to 8.9 times compared to low-nanoparticle content layers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 12","pages":"Article 101226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced DC and RF performance of an SOI-MESFET with dual intrinsic layers and a doped channel bottom","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Razavi ,&nbsp;Toktam Aghaee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a proposed structure of SOI-MESFET with two intrinsic semiconductor layers at the top of the channel and an area with additional impurities in the channel bottom (IA-SOI) is presented. In addition to this structure, the transistor, which has only two intrinsic semiconductor layers at the top of the channel (I-SOI), is tested to determine the importance of the layer with more impurities in the channel bottom of IA-SOI. Some of the most important electrical parameters of the proposed transistors are studied and compared with those of the conventional structure (C-SOI). These parameters include drain current, electric field, breakdown voltage, gate-source capacitor, output resistance, maximum output power density and threshold voltage. The two intrinsic semiconductor layers of IA-SOI improve the breakdown voltage of this transistor by 45 % and reduce the gate-source capacitor by 18 % compared to those of the C-SOI. Also, the layer with additional impurities in the channel bottom of the proposed structure increases the drain current by 100 %. Simultaneous increase of drain current and breakdown voltage in IA-SOI significantly increases the maximum power density of this transistor compared to the conventional one. Comparing I-SOI with the conventional structure, it can be concluded that I-SOI increases the output resistance by 100 % compared to that in the C-SOI structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 12","pages":"Article 101240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical evaluation of nanostructured coatings for corrosion protection of structural metals","authors":"Qianqian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corrosion of steel and other construction metals represents a critical threat to infrastructure durability, and recent advances in nanotechnology have inspired a new generation of protective coatings with superior performance. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of electrochemical methods used to evaluate nanocoatings (nanostructured coatings and nano-additive-modified coatings) and highlights how different classes of nanoscale materials improve corrosion resistance. Techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization resistance, and localized probes not only quantify reductions in corrosion current and increases in charge-transfer resistance, but also clarify the mechanisms by which nanostructured additives function. Inorganic nanoparticles such as silica, titania, and ceria enhance barrier density and adhesion, while layered clays and double hydroxides impart both tortuous diffusion paths and inhibitor release capability. Carbon-based nanomaterials, including graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes, offer unique two-dimensional or fibrous architectures that create highly effective barriers, though their long-term behavior depends strongly on dispersion, orientation, and defect control. Conductive polymers and hybrid composites integrate active passivation with structural reinforcement, and self-healing nanocontainer systems demonstrate the ability to autonomously restore protection at damaged sites. By comparing diverse strategies, this review emphasizes the interplay between barrier effects, active inhibition, and mechanical reinforcement, while also recognizing the challenges of durability, scalability, and environmental safety. Overall, electrochemical insights have advanced both the understanding and optimization of nanocoatings, guiding the design of multifunctional systems that can extend service life and reduce maintenance costs for critical infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 12","pages":"Article 101214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical oxidation of four pharmaceutical pollutants using Ti/IrO2 and Nb/BDD anodes: Application of factorial design methodology","authors":"Akotto Achiepo Gaetan ,&nbsp;Briton Bi Gouessé Henri ,&nbsp;Ngoma Tsaty Veronique junior ,&nbsp;Yao Kouassi Benjamin ,&nbsp;Drogui Patrick","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The simultaneous oxidation of four PhCs (Carbamazepine (CBZ), Caffeine (CAF), Ibuprofen (IBU), and Diclofenac (DFC)) has been investigated by electrochemical oxidation process using Ti/IrO₂ and Nb/BDD anode electrodes, respectively. The initial concentration of each PhCs was 69 µg/L. The effectiveness of the electro-oxidation process was due to its capability of oxidizing PhCs at the anode surface and in solution. A factorial experimental design was used for determining the influent parameters on the PhCs degradation. Four factors were investigated: supporting electrolyte concentration, current density, period of electrolysis and anode type. Anode type and treatment time were the most influent parameters on the electrochemical degradation of pollutants. By using a 2⁴ factorial design, the best performance for PhCs degradation (more than 99 % of each PhC removed) was obtained by using boron doped diamond anode electrode (BDD) operated at a current density of 5.24 mA/cm² during 70 min of period treatment time in the presence of 1.0 g Na₂SO₄/L. However, the period of treatment time could be five times reduced (to simultaneously remove around 100 % of each PhC) while using NaCl as supporting electrolyte (instead of Na₂SO₄). This was mainly attributed to the combination of direct and indirect effect of electrolysis, more effective in the case of NaCl used as supporting electrolyte compared to Na₂SO₄. The direct effect of electrolysis contributed to oxidize 40–80 % of PhCs (namely for DFC, IBU and CAF), whereas more than 99 % of CBZ could be oxidized owing to the sole direct effect of electrolysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 12","pages":"Article 101211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in iron oxide/carbon composite electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors","authors":"Jiang Xia ,&nbsp;Li Xin ,&nbsp;Zhao Dongni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of supercapacitors largely depends on the characteristics of electrode materials. Among various electrode materials, iron oxide has been widely used as an electrode material for supercapacitors. However, iron oxide still has problems of low stability and poor conductivity, which seriously hinders its application as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. To solve these problems, one approach is to use carbon materials with good mechanical and electrical conductivity as the carbon skeleton of composite electrode materials and combine them with iron oxide of different crystal structures to obtain composite supercapacitor electrode materials with excellent electrochemical performance. Based on the introduction of the structure and properties of ferrite compounds, this paper comprehensively reviews the preparation methods of iron-based/carbon composite electrode materials. In addition, based on different micro-space dimensional structures, the research progress of iron-based/carbon composite electrode materials in supercapacitors is summarized, and the problems in their application process are pointed out. This comprehensive summary will help promote the research and development of high-performance supercapacitors based on iron-based electrode materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 12","pages":"Article 101217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}