International Journal of Electrochemical Science最新文献

{"title":"Simultaneous Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging analysis of lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Andreas Markert ,&nbsp;Max Morales ,&nbsp;Christoph Guntlin ,&nbsp;Hermann Nirschl ,&nbsp;Gisela Guthausen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were measured simultaneously on Lithium-Ion batteries. The motivation for developing this measurement method was the following: While Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy provides integral information on processes in the battery, MRI adds spatially resolved information on structures and their changes in the battery on a microscopic length scale. This offers combined and more comprehensive information on microscopic and integral levels. A significant benefit of simultaneous measurement is that the battery is in the same state as well as that it allows continuous measurement of a specific battery thus avoiding replacements and rest times when exchanging parts of the experiments. Comparative measurements of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, performed in parallel to MRI and outside of the MRI setup, however, require optimal decoupling of the electromagnetic fields involved in both techniques. The current version shows only minor differences in the impedances measured below 20 Hz. On the other hand, images were acquired with and without parallel Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, the images show the same structural features. Differences are on the noise level of the MRI measurement. The combination of results of both techniques allows for a thorough detection and identification of the batteries behavior. For example, in the case of two fresh batteries, increased resistance could be assigned to inhibited ionic transport paths due to a misplaced separator. In aged and defective batteries, the combination of both techniques revealed the loss of electrolyte to be the main source of degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 10","pages":"Article 101129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a porous 304L Stainless steel substrate enhanced with graphene and platinum for hydrogen mitigation in passive autocatalytic recombiners","authors":"L. De Micheli,&nbsp;G. Silvestrin,&nbsp;R.F.B. de Souza,&nbsp;A. Oliveira Neto,&nbsp;C. Giovedi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of the hydrogen economy poses significant safety challenges related to hydrogen handling across a wide range of applications. This study investigates the feasibility of using porous sintered 304 L stainless steel, coated with graphene and doped with platinum, as an advanced material for passive autocatalytic recombiners (PARs) to mitigate hydrogen release and improve operational safety. Detailed characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the uniform deposition of graphene and platinum layers, as well as structural features such as spinel phase segregation. The low surface wettability, attributed to the armchair configuration of graphene edges, further enhances the material’s suitability for catalytic recombination reactions in humid environments. Hydrogen removal tests demonstrated that an optimized platinum doping level of 0.5 wt% combined with a controlled substrate porosity of 50 µm resulted in a maximum hydrogen conversion efficiency of 40 %. These results highlight the critical influence of doping concentration and pore architecture on catalytic performance and overall PAR efficiency. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the development of high-performance, passive hydrogen recombination systems, offering a promising pathway to improve safety and sustainability in emerging hydrogen technologies and to advance the hydrogen industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 10","pages":"Article 101128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superhydrophobic films from waste polypropylene for corrosion protection of carbon steel in 3.5 % sodium chloride solution","authors":"Junaid Saleem ,&nbsp;Zubair Khalid Baig Moghal ,&nbsp;Osama Fayyaz ,&nbsp;Muddasir Nawaz ,&nbsp;R.A. Shakoor ,&nbsp;Gordon McKay","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corrosion inhibition capabilities of polymer-based coatings are often limited by their reliance on additives, chemicals, and complex fabrication methods. In this study, we repurpose waste polypropylene (PP) into functional films using a tandem dissolution and spin-casting process, enabling direct application onto metal surfaces for enhanced corrosion resistance. This method eliminates the need for chemical grafting or nanofiller incorporation, offering a simpler and more sustainable route to surface protection. The resulting films exhibit a maximum water contact angle (CA) of 157°, indicating superhydrophobic behavior. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements show a marked improvement in charge transfer resistance (R_ct), increasing from 184 Ω·cm² for bare carbon steel to 16,000 Ω·cm² for the PP-coated surface. By utilizing plastic waste as a feedstock, this approach presents an environmentally responsible and cost-effective alternative to conventional polymer-based corrosion inhibitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 10","pages":"Article 101125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOF-templated synthesis of Co4S3-Co9S8 heterojunctions embedded in N-doped carbon for enhanced hydrogen evolution","authors":"Xiaokai Zhao ,&nbsp;Yaqi Bi ,&nbsp;Mozhou Li ,&nbsp;Peipei Cui ,&nbsp;Zhaodi Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel Co₄S₃-Co₉S₈ heterostructure embedded in N-doped carbon (Co₄S₃-Co₉S₈@NC) was successfully synthesized through thiourea-assisted sulfurization of a Co-MOF template. The obtained Co₄S₃-Co₉S₈ heterojunction material gets benefits from the synergistic effects of heteroatom-doped carbon matrix and well-defined heterostructure with many active sites. As result, the heterojunction material show enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance in comparison with single-component counterparts. In 1.0 M KOH, it shows enhanced HER performance of requiring only 190 mV overpotential to reach 10 mA·cm⁻², which is superior to most reported Co-based catalysts. In addition, it not only showed an almost unchanged LSV curve compared to the initial value before 2000 CV cycle, but also maintained a current density of 99.8 % during the 10 h continuous i-t test. This work provides a facile strategy for constructing high-performance Co-based heterostructured electrocatalysts for HER.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 10","pages":"Article 101127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horseradish peroxidase biosensor based on a MWCNTs/black phosphorene nanocomposite for sensitive electrochemical detection of trichloroacetic acid and nitrite","authors":"Fan Shi ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Geng ,&nbsp;Baoli Wang ,&nbsp;Brij Mohan ,&nbsp;Wenhua Chen ,&nbsp;Yuxin Bi ,&nbsp;Lianjin Jiang ,&nbsp;Shu Deng ,&nbsp;Shengfen Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Li ,&nbsp;Wei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing electrochemical biosensors to detect trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and nitrite (NaNO₂) helps address serious health risks by improving electron transfer in the enzyme’s active center, enabling accurate monitoring of these harmful substances in environmental and food safety applications. Herein, a novel electrochemical horseradish peroxidase (HRP) biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing on a multi-walled carbon nanotubes-black phosphorene (MWCNTs-BP) nanocomposite modified carbon ionic liquid electrode. The structure and enzyme interaction were characterized using SEM, TEM, FT-IR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The MWCNTs-BP composite enhances electron transfer and interfacial conductivity, enabling efficient direct communication between HRP and the electrode. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor exhibited excellent sensitivity for TCA and NaNO₂ detection with linear ranges of 3.0–558.0 mmol/L (LOD as 1.0 mmol/L) and 0.1–13.6 mmol/L (LOD as 0.03 mmol/L), respectively. It was successfully applied to detect TCA and NaNO₂ in medical facial peel solutions and pickled vegetable soaking water samples, respectively, demonstrating strong practical applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 10","pages":"Article 101126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical determination of the ovarian cancer biomarker CA125 using TiO₂–ZnO nanocomposites","authors":"Wei Zhou,&nbsp;Kun Wang,&nbsp;Lipeng Pei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early and accurate detection of ovarian cancer is essential for improving patient outcomes, as most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is a clinically established biomarker that plays a critical role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and recurrence monitoring of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. This study presents a dual-channel electrochemical platform employing ZnO@TiO₂ nanotube arrays for the immunoanalysis of CA125 in complex biological matrices. The nanostructured electrode, fabricated through a sequential hydrothermal and annealing process, exhibited vertically aligned tubular morphology with a mean length of ∼2.5 µm and shell thickness of ∼20 nm. Electrochemical measurements leveraged dopamine and cytosine as reduction and oxidation probes, respectively, enabling orthogonal signal acquisition. Differential pulse voltammetry revealed wide linear response ranges: 0.1–1000 mU∙mL⁻¹ for cytosine (R² = 0.996; LOD = 0.0002 mU∙mL⁻¹) and 0.1–100 mU∙mL⁻¹ for dopamine (R² = 0.992; LOD = 0.0025 mU∙mL⁻¹). Impedance spectroscopy confirmed systematic resistance increases during antibody immobilization and antigen binding. The sensor demonstrated excellent reproducibility (RSD ≤ 8.9 %), signal stability over 30 days (≥89.1 % retention), and selectivity against six common interferents with &lt; 5 % deviation. Application in 0.2 % diluted serum showed recoveries from 99.6 % to 100.0 % and RSDs &lt; 2.01 %, validating its performance in real matrices. The combination of core–shell architecture, dual-probe mechanism, and surface regeneration capability positions this system as a promising diagnostic platform for clinical biosensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 10","pages":"Article 101119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speciation analysis of Sb(III) and Sb(V) by adsorptive stripping voltammetry in the presence of Pyrogallol red","authors":"Fallon Rosales ,&nbsp;Juan José Triviño ,&nbsp;Carlos Rojas-Romo ,&nbsp;Claudia Núñez ,&nbsp;Verónica Arancibia","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents an adsorptive stripping voltammetric method for the speciation of antimony based on the formation of their complexes with Pyrogallol red (PGR). Both Sb(III) and Sb(V) form complexes with PGR, however Sb(III) forms complex rapidly whereas Sb(V) forms complex very slowly. After the Sb^V-PGR complex is formed, on the surface of the mercury electrode is reduced to Sb^III-PGR. Then the electrochemical signal is the reduction of Sb^III-PGR complex to Sb(0). The variation of peak current with pH, accumulation time (t_acc), accumulation potential (E_acc), and PGR concentration (C_PGR) were optimized. The best experimental conditions for Sb(III) were pH: 2.2 (0.1 mol L⁻¹, Phosphate buffer, PB), C_PGR: 3.0 μmol L⁻¹, and E_acc: −0.10 V obtaining a detection limit (DL) of 1.1 μg L⁻¹ (t_acc: 35 s). When measured at 2 h, the signal of the Sb^III-PGR complex is almost the same and now it is possible to appreciate the increase in the signal due to presence of Sb^V-PGR complex, previously reduced to Sb^III-PGR in the Hg electrode. This allows us to determine the total concentration of antimony. The developed method was validated by the determination of Sb(III) in spiked drinking water from the laboratory and spiked synthetic seawater with relative errors of less than 5.0 %. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Sb(III) and Sb_total in an Industrial waste liquid sample comparing the results of Sb_total by ICP-OES technique (RE: 0.6 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 10","pages":"Article 101120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of nano-alumina electrodes in electrochemical sensing for monitoring exercise-induced lactate","authors":"Weicheng Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the development of a novel potentiometric biosensor for non-invasive analysis of lactate in human sweat, employing a carbon paste electrode modified with nano-Al₂O₃ and lactate oxidase (LOx). Nano-Al₂O₃ was synthesized via a sol–gel process, yielding uniformly dispersed, porous particles with diameters of 80–90 nm and an average crystallite size of approximately 55 nm, which enhanced the electrode’s catalytic efficiency and electron transfer capabilities. The carbon paste electrode was prepared by incorporating 10 wt% of nano-Al₂O₃ into a composite of graphite and carbon black, followed by immobilization of LOx from a 2.5 mg/mL solution to ensure stable enzyme activity. Electrochemical evaluation revealed that the modification reduced the charge transfer resistance from 410 Ω for the bare electrode to 324 Ω, while the subsequent enzyme coating increased resistance moderately to 534 Ω without compromising performance. Calibration studies using lactate concentrations ranging from 0.1 mM to 50 mM yielded a linear response with a sensitivity of 150 mV per decade and a detection limit of 0.08 mM. The biosensor reached stable readings within 45–60 s and exhibited high reproducibility with a relative standard deviation below 4 % over repeated tests. <em>Ex vivo</em> sweat analysis during controlled exercise demonstrated a recovery rate of 96 % and a strong correlation (R² = 0.97) with standard HPLC measurements, verifying the biosensor’s real-world applicability. These results indicate that nano-scale modification via nano-Al₂O₃ integration significantly enhances biosensor performance, offering a promising platform for continuous metabolic monitoring in sports and clinical diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 10","pages":"Article 101124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of electrochemical sensors based on plasma-treated polymeric nanostructures for sensitive and reproducible detection of bisphenol A","authors":"Nageen Shoukat ,&nbsp;ChaeWon Mun ,&nbsp;Ho Sang Jung ,&nbsp;Min-Young Lee ,&nbsp;Soo Hyun Lee ,&nbsp;Sung-Gyu Park","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant public health concerns have been raised regarding humans' ubiquitous exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, through dietary and environmental pathways. In this study, for the sensitive detection of BPA, we developed three different electrochemical sensors (i.e., Au film, Au nanodimple (AuND), and Au nanopillar (AuNP)) and investigated the influence of electroactive surface area on electrochemical sensing performance. The supporting polymeric nanostructures (i.e., NDs and NPs) were developed using facile plasma treatment processes. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to evaluate the electrodes' electroactivity. Compared with the other electrode materials (i.e., Au film and AuNDs), the AuNPs, which exhibited a high density and high aspect ratio, showed excellent redox behaviors and low charge transfer resistance. A quantitative investigation of BPA was conducted using differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal experimental conditions, the AuNP sensors demonstrated a linear response (<em>R</em>² = 0.98), nanomolar sensitivity, and high reproducibility (relative standard deviation ≤ 3.1 %) in the dynamic BPA concentration range from 2 to 1000 nM. The viability of the AuNP sensors in practical applications was also examined with BPA-spiked artificial tear and urine samples. The results highlight that the electrochemical sensors implanted with AuNP platforms are suitable for monitoring BPA in contaminated water and biofluids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 10","pages":"Article 101121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D material-based electrochemical sensors for early diabetes detection: A review of progress and prospects","authors":"Ming Yang ,&nbsp;Dongting Fu ,&nbsp;Chunlei Gao ,&nbsp;Ying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes mellitus represents a significant and escalating global health challenge, characterized by alarming prevalence rates and substantial economic burden. Early detection is paramount for effective management and prevention of debilitating long-term complications, yet conventional diagnostic methods face limitations in terms of accuracy, convenience, cost, and ability to capture dynamic glycemic changes. Electrochemical biosensors offer a promising alternative, providing advantages such as high sensitivity, rapid response, portability, and potential for miniaturization. The advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and MXenes, has revolutionized the field of electrochemical sensing. Their unique physicochemical properties—including high electrical conductivity for rapid electron transfer, large surface area for enhanced analyte interaction, tunable surface functionalization for bioreceptor immobilization, and mechanical flexibility for wearable integration—enable substantial improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, and operational stability of electrochemical sensors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress in utilizing 2D material-enhanced electrochemical sensors for the early detection of key diabetes-related biomarkers, including glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, glucagon, and ketones. We discuss the fundamental properties of these 2D materials and the mechanisms by which they improve sensor sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. Recent advancements in sensor design, fabrication strategies, and performance metrics (limit of detection, linear range, response time) are critically examined, along with validation studies in relevant biological matrices. Despite considerable progress, challenges remain concerning material synthesis reproducibility, long-term stability in biological environments, susceptibility to biofouling and interference, and pathways towards cost-effective, scalable manufacturing and clinical translation. Future prospects, including the exploration of novel 2D materials and heterostructures, advanced functionalization techniques, multiplexed detection platforms, and integration into wearable and point-of-care systems, are discussed. Addressing the current hurdles will be crucial for realizing the full potential of 2D material-based electrochemical sensors in transforming diabetes diagnostics and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 10","pages":"Article 101123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}