International Journal of Electrochemical Science最新文献

{"title":"Simultaneous electrochemical detection of Gd, Dy, and Eu using boron-doped diamond electrode combined with machine learning","authors":"Santhy Wyantuti ,&nbsp;Anisa Amalia Citra ,&nbsp;Natasha Fransisca ,&nbsp;Ari Hardianto ,&nbsp;Irkham ,&nbsp;Uji Pratomo ,&nbsp;Fajriana Shafira Nurrusyda ,&nbsp;Nova Rachmadona ,&nbsp;Rudiawan Edwin ,&nbsp;Jacob Yan Mulyana","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare earth elements (REE) are currently high-demand mineral commodities for various countries. The electrochemical technique plays a crucial role in determining REE, offering high sensitivity compared to X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). This study aimed to detect the content of Gd, Dy, and Eu in a mixture without passing through a chemical separation, using the Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) method and Boron Doped Diamond (BDD) working electrode combined with machine learning. A total of 125 variations of Gd, Dy, and Eu mixture solutions were prepared as the training set and measured using the DPV method. By employing the BDD working electrode, the current peak of Eu appeared separately from that of Gd and Dy, at a potential of −0.6 V. Meanwhile, Gd and Dy appeared in a single current peak at a potential of −1.4 V. Eu exhibited a Limit of Detection (LoD) and Limit of Quantification (LoQ) at 3.040 ppm and 9.211 ppm, Gd at 17.201 ppm and 7.475 ppm, as well as Dy at 22.652 ppm and 5.676 ppm, respectively. After algorithm selection and preprocessing in machine learning, the best model obtained was GLMNET for Eu with an R² of 0.853, Dy at 0.376, and SVM for Gd with 0.557. These algorithms correctly predicted the closeness of the percentage recovery of the Gd, Dy, and Eu combination to the actual percentage recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ FT-IR spectroelectrochemical investigation of the electrochemical reduction of duroquinone","authors":"Tong Li ,&nbsp;Baokang Jin ,&nbsp;Changpeng Lv ,&nbsp;Xuemei Shen ,&nbsp;Mei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quinone is a bioactive compound present in some traditional Chinese medicines and participates in numerous biological processes. The carbonyl group in quinone serves as the active center in electrochemical reactions, functioning as an excellent carrier of electron transfer. In this study, in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroelectrochemistry enables the real-time tracking of three-dimensional (3D) information at molecular level of different substances throughout the electrochemical process. The detection of absorption peaks corresponding to dimerization and hydrogen bonding in the Fourier transform infrared 3D spectra proves that the electrochemical reduction of duroquinone (DQ) in anhydrous acetonitrile involves dimer formation and development of intramolecular hydrogen bonds within monovalent anion radicals. Consistent with these findings, cyclic voltammetry reveals two pairs of redox peaks and one irreversible anodic peak. Surprisingly, ionic liquids with complex structures of ions, such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF₄) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF₆), make the reduction simpler. Conversely, the transformation of DQ to DQ^•- and subsequently to DQ^2- without dimer or hydrogen bond occurring, as clearly observed in the infrared cyclic voltabsorptometry (CVA) and derivative cyclic voltabsorptometry (DCVA). DQ undergoes a straightforward, sequential two-step, one-electron transfer process facilitated by the unique composition of ionic liquids, potentially prompting further evaluation of the roles of cations and anions in ionic liquids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis of Pd@CuCo₂O₄ nanocomposites for sensitive electrochemical detection of doxorubicin and their biological activities","authors":"Supriya Gumma ,&nbsp;Reddy Prasad Puthalapattu ,&nbsp;Sandhya Punyasamudram ,&nbsp;Venkata Nagendra Kumar Putta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study used <em>Acalypha indica</em> leaf extract to synthesize CuCo₂O₄ and Pd@CuCo₂O₄ nanocomposites. The biosynthesised nanomaterials were employed for the electrochemical detection of the anticancer drug doxorubicin and were further evaluated for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The biologically synthesized nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized through a combination of analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The synthesized Pd@CuCo₂O₄ nanocomposite demonstrated outstanding sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy in the electrochemical detection of doxorubicin using differential pulse voltammetry. The Pd@CuCo₂O₄ nanocatalyst facilitated the electrochemical oxidation of doxorubicin, resulting in improved electrode surface functionality and enhanced stability and sensitivity. According to an electrochemical analysis, the developed sensor exhibits a linear response range from 0.05 to 200 µM, with a sensitivity of 0.0225 µM and a detection limit of 30 nM. The electrochemical sensing of doxorubicin can be significantly enhanced through the biosynthesis of Pd@CuCo₂O₄. This process is notable for its eco-benign nature, simplicity, and high efficiency, ultimately enabling more precise and targeted detection strategies for the anticancer drug. Furthermore, the antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities of both CuCo₂O₄ and Pd@CuCo₂O₄ nanocatalysts were evaluated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in metal oxide, bimetallic nanocomposites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and non-invasive technologies for biofluid-based glucose sensors: A comprehensive review","authors":"Letta Mahlohonolo Ntuli ,&nbsp;Alain Nyembwe ,&nbsp;Gentil Mwengula ,&nbsp;Tshimangadzo Munonde ,&nbsp;Jean Mulopo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The field of glucose biosensors for diabetes control has experienced enormous scientific and technological developments since it was first introduced in the 1960s, with electrochemical biosensors emerging as the most promising platform for real-time, dynamic glucose monitoring due to the high precision, versatility and compatibility with wearable devices. Over the past decade, wearable healthcare technologies have significantly advanced, enabling non-invasive or minimally invasive monitoring of biomarkers in peripheral biofluids such as sweat, saliva, tears and interstitial fluid (ISF) through electrochemical sensing. While enzymatic biosensors, particularly those employing glucose oxidase (GOx), remain prevalent for their sensitivity, challenges such as enzyme instability and limited shelf life persist. In response, non-enzymatic have gained prominence, leveraging nanostructure materials like metal oxides (e.g., NiO, CuO, ZnO), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and bimetallic composites (e.g., CuCo-MOFs) to achieve superior sensitivity, stability and catalytic performance. These materials exploit high surface-to-volume ratios, tuneable porosity and synergistic effects to overcome limitations such as pH sensitivity and poor conductivity. Innovations in material design, including laser-induced (LIG) and hybrid composites (eg., MXene/rGO), further enhance electron transfer and these materials enable low detection limits, wide linear ranges and rapid response time. This review comprehensively examines recent enzyme-free glucose sensors, focusing on the advancement of nanomaterials and their integration into wearable platforms such as microneedle-based ISF monitor contact lens sensors for tear analysis and hydrogel patches for sweat glucose detection. We critically evaluate the current state of biofluid sensing, addressing challenges in accuracy mad scalability while highlighting the convergence of advanced nanomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electro-osmotic treatment of dredged sludge using lignosulfonate as additive","authors":"Yanli Tao ,&nbsp;Kaiqiang Li ,&nbsp;Zeyi Yu ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Jian Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electro-osmosis (EO) has been widely recognized as a promising technique for the treatment of dredged sludge. However, EO alone often fails to deliver satisfactory results. A more effective approach involves its integration with stabilizing additives. In this study, an eco-friendly polymer stabilizer, lignosulfonate (LS), was incorporated into EO to evaluate their combined effects on the geotechnical behavior of sludge. Two common forms of LS—sodium lignosulfonate (LSS) and calcium lignosulfonate (LSC)—were applied at concentrations of 3 %, 6 %, 12 %, and 20 %. The results showed that the introduction of LS-derived ions (Na⁺ or Ca²⁺) markedly increased soil electrical conductivity, whereas excessive dosages reduced electro-osmotic permeability. LSS-treated soils exhibited higher conductivity than those treated with LSC, owing to the greater mobility of Na⁺ compared with Ca²⁺ under EO. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that LS promoted soil particle aggregation and improved cohesion. X-ray diffraction indicated little change in the primary mineral composition of sludge, while X-ray fluorescence revealed that LS combined with iron electrodes significantly altered sulfur and iron contents. Overall, the synergistic use of EO and LS improved electrical conduction and enhanced soil microstructure, although its influence on permeability was limited. Mechanistically, soluble salts from LS reduced the zeta potential and electro-osmotic permeability, while the hydrophilic groups of dissolved LS formed a stable adsorption film between soil particles and pore water, further decreasing electro-osmotic permeability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical approaches for detecting micro and nano-plastics in different environmental matrices","authors":"DH Lohith Kumar ,&nbsp;Gaurav Bhardwaj ,&nbsp;Riona Indhur ,&nbsp;Lachi Wankhede ,&nbsp;Satinder Kaur Brar ,&nbsp;Sheena Kumari","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics and nanoplastics are synthetic polymer particles &lt; 5 mm and &lt; 1 μm respectively, have emerged as ubiquitous environmental contaminants with significant implications for ecosystem and human health. Conventional detection methods including FTIR spectroscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, and pyrolysis-GC/MS face substantial limitations including poor spatial resolution, matrix interference, time-intensive analysis, and high costs that hinder widespread monitoring efforts. Electrochemical sensing strategies offer promising alternatives, leveraging the inherent properties of plastic particles through direct detection via particle collision, indirect detection of electroactive additives, and recognition-based approaches using surface modifications. These methods provide exceptional sensitivity with detection limits reaching nanomolar concentrations, rapid response times of seconds to minutes, and significant cost advantages over traditional techniques. Advanced electrode modifications incorporating nanomaterials, molecularly imprinted polymers, and biological recognition elements enhance selectivity and sensitivity for diverse environmental matrices including water bodies, food products, and biological samples. Portable electrochemical sensors enable real-time, on-site monitoring capabilities previously unattainable with laboratory-based methods. Despite challenges in selectivity, reproducibility, and matrix interference, emerging hybrid platforms integrating electrochemical detection with complementary techniques, machine learning algorithms, and automated systems demonstrate significant potential for revolutionizing microplastic monitoring. This review critically evaluates current electrochemical approaches, identifies key limitations, and outlines future research directions toward practical field-deployable sensors for comprehensive environmental surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of fast-charging capabilities in LiFePO₄/graphite lithium-ion batteries using internal resistance and machine learning","authors":"Beibei Liu ,&nbsp;Bingfeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fast-charging capability of lithium-ion batteries is a crucial performance indicator, yet its accurate evaluation remains a significant challenge. The maximum chargeable state of charge (SOC) at a specific fast-charging rate is closely correlated with fast-charging capability; however, it is difficult to measure via non-destructive testing. In this study, we investigate the potential correlation between a highly measurable battery parameter (i.e., internal resistance) and this hard-to-measure parameter (i.e., maximum chargeable SOC) using machine learning. Given the difficulty in generating large datasets containing internal resistance and maximum chargeable SOC through experimental methods, a virtual dataset is created via the P2D electrochemical model using PyBaMM—an open-source Python-based P2D simulation tool. Using PyBaMM, we simulate 100 virtual LiFePO₄/Graphite lithium-ion batteries with distinct electrochemical kinetics, from which internal resistance data (at various SOC levels and times) and maximum chargeable SOC (at a 3 C charging rate) were extracted to form the dataset. Using this dataset, we employ machine learning to predict maximum chargeable SOC from internal resistance. Results show that the average prediction error between the machine learning-predicted maximum chargeable SOC and the dataset's P2D-simulated benchmarks is below 0.05, with a maximum error of 0.11. Furthermore, compared with experimental measurements, the machine learning-predicted maximum chargeable SOC is highly consistent with values measured via three-electrode experiments. This study demonstrates that a well-designed linear model, with carefully engineered features derived from domain knowledge, can achieve highly satisfactory performance while offering significant advantages in interpretability, reliability, and computational efficiency—attributes critical for real-world industrial applications in battery design. It thereby establishes the potential of using the highly measurable internal resistance of batteries to predict the hard-to-measure fast-charging capabilities in LiFePO₄/Graphite lithium-ion batteries, enabling faster and more efficient evaluation in the design process of fast-charging batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-assisted extraction optimization of Hedysarum polybotys polysaccharide and study of their electrochemical fingerprint characteristics","authors":"Ruifang Hao ,&nbsp;Xuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the optimization of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and electrochemical fingerprinting of <em>Hedysarum polybotys</em> polysaccharides (HPS). Response surface methodology revealed optimal MAE conditions: 68°C, 420 W, 22 min, and 28 mL/g liquid-to-solid ratio, achieving a 6.38 % yield. HPS exhibited strong antioxidant activities, with 63.5 % DPPH scavenging at 2 mg/mL. Chemical analysis showed 15.2 % uronic acid content and a diverse monosaccharide profile dominated by glucose (38.5 %) and galactose (24.7 %). Cyclic voltammetry revealed a quasi-reversible redox couple (Epa = +0.28 V, Epc = +0.12 V vs. Ag/AgCl at 50 mV/s), while differential pulse voltammetry identified three distinct peaks (+0.14 V, +0.31 V, +0.52 V). The + 0.31 V peak strongly correlated with total sugar content (r = 0.92), and the + 0.52 V peak moderately correlated with uronic acid content (r = 0.68). Compared to conventional methods, MAE demonstrated superior efficiency, reducing extraction time from 3 h to 22 min and improving yield by 54.9 % over hot water extraction. This study establishes MAE as an effective technique for HPS extraction and introduces electrochemical fingerprinting as a promising tool for rapid polysaccharide characterization, opening new avenues for quality control and bioactivity assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical modeling of steady-state diffusion-reaction processes with second-order irreversible kinetics","authors":"S. Pandi Selvi ,&nbsp;O. Nethaji ,&nbsp;S. Vinolyn Sylvia ,&nbsp;L. Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a mathematical model for steady-state mass transport in electrochemical systems involving isotropic diffusion and a second-order irreversible reaction within a porous particle of any geometry. The nonlinear governing equation reflects the interplay between diffusion and nonlinear kinetics, relevant to electrochemical reactors, porous electrodes, and biosensors. Two semi-analytical methods the Rajendran-Joy method (RJM) and Akbari-Ganji method (AGM) are employed to obtain approximate solutions, with trial functions optimized using electrochemical boundary conditions. Numerical simulations confirm the accuracy of the solutions. A parametric study explores the effects of reaction rates, isotropic diffusion, and geometry on concentration profiles, while sensitivity analysis identifies key parameters influencing transport-reaction behaviour. A simple and novel expression for the effectiveness factor, quantifying the interplay between reaction kinetics and mass transport within porous electrodes, is also presented. The results underscore the applicability of mathematical modeling in optimizing electrochemical system performance and advancing the understanding of nonlinear transport phenomena.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced electrochemical and sensor technologies in gastroenterology: Applications of EIS, organ-on-a-chip, and ingestible/wearable devices in chronic disease diagnosis and monitoring","authors":"Weitong Hu,&nbsp;Xianmei Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate assessment of intestinal barrier function is critical to understanding a range of gastrointestinal and systemic disorders, yet traditional methods remain limited by invasiveness, low resolution, or indirect measurement. This review critically evaluates emerging electrochemical technologies that offer dynamic, quantitative, and real-time insight into epithelial barrier integrity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) provides multiparametric outputs that distinguish between tight junction disruption and morphological changes. Organ-on-a-chip platforms recapitulate physiological conditions and allow integrated sensing within complex gut models. Furthermore, electrochemical biosensors targeting biomarkers such as cytokines, metabolites, and zonulin enable sensitive detection of inflammation and permeability status. Advances in ingestible and wearable devices extend these technologies to in vivo contexts, offering non-invasive, continuous monitoring with direct clinical relevance. Importantly, the review also explores how these tools can be integrated into gastroenterology nursing practice, supporting data-driven interventions and proactive disease management. Together, these innovations represent a paradigm shift in the functional evaluation of gut health and present new opportunities for translational research and clinical care optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}