International Journal of Electrochemical Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of para-substituted sodium benzoate derivatives on aluminum corrosion inhibition","authors":"Dongxu Chang ,&nbsp;Lin Li ,&nbsp;Qianxu Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongyang Shen ,&nbsp;Xue Han ,&nbsp;Anruo Chen ,&nbsp;Shengping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corrosion of aluminum radiators in high-voltage direct current transmission systems severely affects the working state of the converter valve. The inhibition of aluminum corrosion in sodium benzoate (SB) solutions was investigated via potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the optimal concentration for maximum efficiency was determined. To improve the inhibition performance, −CH₃, −NH₂, and −NO₂ groups were introduced at the para-position to systematically evaluate the inhibition effects of para-substituted derivatives, including para-methyl (PMSB), para-amino (PASB), and para-nitro (PNSB) sodium benzoate. The surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations were performed to analyze the molecular orbital distribution, HOMO<img>LUMO energy gaps, Fukui functions, and adsorption energies. The adsorption mechanism and corrosion inhibition mechanism of corrosion inhibitor molecules were identified, and the corrosion inhibition performance from high to low is as follows: PNSB (74.68 %), PASB (72.72 %), PMSB (68.90 %), and SB (64.59 %). PNSB has the best adsorption capacity and corrosion inhibition performance, which is attributed to the electron-withdrawing effect of the −NO₂ group, enhancing binding with the aluminum surface and reducing aluminum dissolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical nanobiosensors for low-cost clinical diagnosis","authors":"Bambang Kuswandi ,&nbsp;Rizanty Amalia ,&nbsp;Dian Ayu Eka Pitaloka ,&nbsp;Bayu Tri Murti ,&nbsp;Mochammad Amrun Hidayat","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review highlights the recent advancements of electrochemical nanobiosensors for low-cost clinical diagnosis and POC testing, as well as their potential obstacles and future directions These sensors offer a promising route towards low-cost point-of-care (POC) diagnostics by combining nanomaterials with electrochemical transduction principles to make clinical diagnosis more accessible and user-friendly, particularly in resource-limited settings. Their performance characteristics of high specificity, sensitivity, miniaturization, and ease of use make them excellent for the detection of a wide range of target analytes, including biomarkers for infectious diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders. This review examines the different types of electrochemical nanobiosensors, their potential applications in low-cost clinical diagnosis, current challenges, and possible prospects. To solve the remaining issues and realize the full capacity of these technologies to improve healthcare access and affordability on a global level, we point out the importance of further research and development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of magnetic field on corrosion behavior of X70 pipeline steel with V-Shaped Defects","authors":"Haoli Cheng ,&nbsp;Yanchao Liang ,&nbsp;Haiyan Yang ,&nbsp;Dan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whereas this magnetic flux leakage classifier assured the safe operation of in-service pipelines, its magnetization impact might influence the corrosion behavior of pipeline steel, particularly for pipelines with flaws in service. In this paper, the weight loss method, AC impedance technique, potentiodynamic polarization technique, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and finite element simulation were used to analyze the impact of magnetic field (MF) on the corrosion behavior of high-strength pipeline steel with V-Shaped Defects in Ku' erle simulated solution. The investigation revealed that the vertical MF enhanced corrosion near the end of such a V-Shaped Defect on the left in the Y-direction while inhibiting corrosion at the right end. And the perpendicular and parallel MF induced corrosion externally to the V-Shaped Defect while inhibiting corrosion within the V-Shaped Defect. Moreover, the effect of perpendicular and parallel MF on the corrosion system is mainly due to the effect of magnetic field gradient force, while the effect of vertical MF on the corrosion system is mainly due to the effect of Lorentz force.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical MXene/PANI porous film electrodes with improved ion transport for supercapacitors","authors":"Jiakun Liu,&nbsp;Zan Lu,&nbsp;Yuchen Jiang,&nbsp;Yantao Gao,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Wenfeng Hu,&nbsp;Binjie Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing demand for high-performance energy storage devices, the development of advanced electrode materials remains a critical challenge. Two-dimensional transition metal carbides (MXene) show great promise, yet their intrinsic tendency to restack in thin-film electrodes impedes ion transport and limits capacitance. Here, we propose a rational structural engineering strategy to overcome this limitation by constructing internally supported hierarchical porous Ti₃C₂T_x films through hard-template-assisted pore formation. Moreover, the in-situ polymerization of polyaniline nanowires within the pores enhances conductivity and provides additional pseudocapacitance. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of hierarchical porosity and conductive polymer integration, the optimized electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 270 F g⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹ and an energy density of 37.5 Wh kg⁻¹ at 200 W kg⁻¹. After 8000 charge-discharge cycles, the capacitance retention remains at 80.37 %, demonstrating excellent stability. This work presents a simple and effective approach to designing robust MXene-based 3D porous electrodes, offering new insights into the development of high-performance supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of corrosion inhibition of medium carbon steel using palm kernel and grapeseed oils in 3.5 % NaCl solution","authors":"Roland Tolulope Loto,&nbsp;Sotom Victoria Tamunowari,&nbsp;Nim Ephraim Ekeruke,&nbsp;Enobong Deborah Udo,&nbsp;Joshua Oluwadamilola Ajayi,&nbsp;Fiyinfoluwa Mayowa Iyun,&nbsp;Joseph Ogbogu Kalu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the sustainable corrosion inhibition of medium carbon steel (MCS) in 3.5 % NaCl solution, simulating seawater, using palm kernel oil (PKO), grapeseed oil (GS), and their 1:1 admixture (AD). Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), open circuit potential (OCP), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) were employed to elucidate inhibition mechanisms. Uninhibited MCS exhibited a high corrosion rate (0.007 mm/y) and low polarization resistance (442 Ω). The AD formulation demonstrated the most effective performance, achieving 94.79 % inhibition efficiency at 1.5 % concentration, lowering the corrosion rate to 0.00036 mm/y and enhancing polarization resistance to 8568 Ω. EIS confirmed AD’s superior behavior, with Rp reaching 458,700 Ω at 3.5 %, indicating strong chemisorption and dense film formation. FTIR spectra revealed adsorption of O–H, C<img>O, and C–O functional groups, with AD showing the strongest bonding interactions. XRD analysis further supported AD’s protective effect, with crystallite size reduced to 295 Å, evidencing robust surface modification. While PKO and GS also inhibited corrosion (67.23 % and 81.69 % efficiency at 2 % concentration, respectively), their protective films were less stable, with efficiency declining at higher concentrations due to film instability. OCP measurements indicated that GS at 3.5 % approached a pseudo-passive state (–0.786 V). The study establishes AD as a highly effective, green corrosion inhibitor, outperforming its individual components through synergistic interactions. These findings highlight the potential of plant-derived oils as eco-friendly alternatives to toxic inhibitors, supporting sustainable corrosion protection strategies for steel in chloride-rich environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of heat treatments on microstructure and corrosion resistance of laser-cladded Inconel 625 coatings","authors":"Yiwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Longlong Guo ,&nbsp;Limeng Yin ,&nbsp;Zhenghua Deng ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Shaohu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) temperatures on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of laser cladded Inconel 625 coatings was investigated. The elements composition test indicates that the content of <em>Fe</em> changes sharply in the fusion zone between the coating and substrate, as well as overlap zone of coating layers. The microstructure observation shows that as welded Inconel 625 coating is mainly composed of columnar γ-Ni, Laves and seldom MC. The size of dendrites show an increase tendency with an increase in PWHT temperatures. There is no obvious difference in precipitates of the coating heat treated at 650℃ compared with the as welded. After heat treated at 750°C, a small amount of needle shaped δ phase precipitates. With a further increase in PWHT temperatures, a large number and continuous of δ phase forms, while the overall amount of δ phase seems to decrease when heat treated at 950°C. Electrochemical tests indicate that the (<em>R</em>_<em>t</em>), self corrosion potential (<em>E</em>_{<em>corr</em>}), and pitting potential (<em>E</em>_<em>pit</em>) show increase tendency, while self corrosion density (<em>I</em>_{<em>corr</em>}) shows opposite trend with an increase in PWHT temperatures less than 750℃. When the temperatures are larger than 850℃, <em>R</em>_<em>t</em>, <em>E</em>_{<em>corr</em>} and <em>E</em>_<em>pit</em> decrease, while <em>I</em>_{<em>corr</em>} increase. It is concluded that heat treated at temperatures not exceed 750℃ are benifit to improve resistance to initiate corrosion, uniform corrosion, and pitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective oxidative leaching of Li+ and utilization of FePO4 for regeneration of LiFePO4 cathode material","authors":"Xuepeng Qi ,&nbsp;Chaoyue Yang ,&nbsp;Deying Mu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Zhao ,&nbsp;Changsong Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recycling and regeneration processes of spent LiFePO₄ (SLFP) batteries have become a research hotspot due to their significant environmental and economic value. Current industrial recycling strategies for SLFP predominantly focus on improving lithium leaching rates, while paying less attention to the resulting ferric phosphate (FePO₄) solid residues, leading to the waste of iron and phosphorus resources. Herein, we propose a closed-loop process for selectively leaching lithium (Li) from spent LFP batteries and regenerating new LFP cathode materials using the FePO₄ from leaching residues. The spent LFP powder is co-ground in a combined hydrogen peroxide-citric acid (H₂O₂-H₃Cit) solution system, with mechanical activation-assisted oxidative leaching, to achieve effective separation of lithium and iron under optimal conditions. The recovered FePO₄ was purified and used to prepare new LiFePO₄ cathode materials. The regenerated LiFePO₄ materials show good electrochemical properties, with the discharge capacity of 144.42 mA h g⁻¹ at 1 C and the capacity retention rate of 95.94 % after 200 cycles. After undergoing high-rate charge/discharge at 5 C and returning to 0.1 C rate, the discharge specific capacity remains stable at 127.24 mA h g⁻¹. A closed-loop process route for spent LFP batteries consisting of \"pretreatment-selective oxidative leaching-lithium carbonate and ferric phosphate (Li₂CO₃+FePO₄)-regenerated LFP material\" is established and it provides a reference idea and practical experience for the high-efficiency closed-loop development of LFP batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous estimation of state-of-charge and state-of-temperature in lithium-ion batteries using a coupled electro-thermal model","authors":"Thanh Ngo Phuong ,&nbsp;Thuy Nguyen Vinh ,&nbsp;Chi Nguyen Van ,&nbsp;Minh Duc Ngo ,&nbsp;Seon-Ju Ahn ,&nbsp;Member, IEEE","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose a coupled electro-thermal model for simultaneous estimation of state-of-charge (SoC) and internal state-of-temperature (SoT) in lithium-ion battery cell. The electrical sub-model employs a temperature-aware first-order equivalent circuit model (ECM) whose parameters and the <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>OC</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>SoC</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> map are identified across eight temperatures from −25°C to 45°C, capturing strong thermo-electrochemical nonlinearities. For accuracy at low SoC, <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>OC</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>SoC</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> is modeled by two 10th-order polynomials split at 7 % SoC. SoC is inferred with a Kalman filter, then used to compute the cell heat input<span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mi>d</mi><msub><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>cell</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mi>dt</mi></mrow></math></span>, which includes Joule heating and an entropic term <span><math><mrow><mo>∂</mo><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>OC</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mo>∂</mo><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span>; <span><math><mrow><mi>d</mi><msub><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>cell</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mi>dt</mi></mrow></math></span> drives a compact autoregressive with extra input (ARX) thermal model whose coefficients depend on ambient temperature to yield SoT. In experiments on a Samsung 18650–35E cell, the method achieves RMSE of 0.0079°C between the ARX thermal model’s SoT estimate and an independently measured temperature reference obtained using a micro T-type thermocouple (∼80 µm in diameter) embedded inside the cell, substantially lower than a recent Pearson-correlation deep model (0.097°C), while achieving SoC RMSE = 1.96 % with markedly lower computational burden than UKF variants, making it suitable for low-cost battery management system (BMS). The ECM terminal-voltage RMSE remains small (lowest at −5°C: 0.074; highest at 45°C: 0.363), reflecting temperature-dependent dynamics captured by the model. Overall, the novelty lies in: (i) full temperature-dependence of ECM parameters and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>OC</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>SoC</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> over a wide thermal range, (ii) an ARX-based SoT estimator explicitly fed by physics-informed <span><math><mrow><mi>d</mi><msub><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>cell</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mi>dt</mi></mrow></math></span>, and (iii) a single-Kalman Filter–ARX pipeline that balances accuracy and real-time applicability on resource-constrained hardware.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and mechanical relaxation characteristics of nano-SiC/crosslinked polyethylene insulation composites","authors":"Guang Yu,&nbsp;Lijie Peng,&nbsp;Yujia Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) possesses excellent dielectric properties, including low electrical conductivity, low loss, and high breakdown strength. Because it is also environmentally friendly and chemically resistant, XLPE is widely used as insulation for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables. Modification of XLPE is a research hotspot in electrical engineering, and nanocompositing has proven particularly effective for this purpose. The dielectric properties of XLPE nanocomposites are closely related to the morphology, structure, surface chemistry, size, amount, and dispersivity of the incorporated nanoparticles. Silicon carbide (SiC) is a representative nanoparticle with a large specific surface area and high surface activity. It is widely used in polymer applications to enhance mechanical properties. The addition of SiC introduces physical crosslinking points, significantly improving the mechanical performance of the composites. Therefore, incorporating nano-SiC into XLPE can strengthen the interactive forces between matrix macromolecules, ultimately affecting the morphology, relaxation behavior, and macroscopic properties of the polymer. In this study, nano-SiC particles were employed as fillers to prepare nano-SiC/XLPE composites, and their morphology and relaxation properties were comprehensively investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boron-doped diamond-coated graphite electrodes with 3D interdigital structure for high current and narrow potential window","authors":"Yu Okano ,&nbsp;Terumasa Ito ,&nbsp;Takatoshi Yamada ,&nbsp;Wang J. Chun ,&nbsp;Takahiro Morishita ,&nbsp;Daniel H.C. Chua ,&nbsp;Ken Okano ,&nbsp;Kazuhiko Misawa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of a boron-doped diamond (BDD) coating to mechanical pencil leads enabled the fabrication of scalable three-dimensional interdigital electrodes that combine the high current density of graphite with the corrosion resistance of diamond. After 12 h of cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 1 M NaOH, the CV traces of the BDD electrodes overlapped completely. The anodic and cathodic peak current densities were + 6.7 × 10⁻⁴ A/cm² and − 5.9 × 10⁻⁴ A/cm², respectively. These values were approximately twice those of platinum (Pt) and only ∼ 35 % lower than those of a non-coated graphite electrode. Despite this high reactivity, the potential window of the BDD electrode was narrower than previously reported (Δ<em>E</em> = 1.88 V; Pt = 2.00 V), which can be attributed to the synergistic effects of surface oxidation, heavy boron doping, and minimized iR drops that suppress side reactions. Tafel analysis indicated the fastest interfacial rate (<em>i₀</em> = 8.34 × 10⁻⁵ A/cm², <em>α</em> ≈ 0.59), confirming highly symmetric charge transfer in both anodic and cathodic directions. Post-CV scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed no cracks or delamination, while Raman spectroscopy confirmed the stability of the diamond peak at 1332 cm⁻¹, verifying both structural and chemical robustness under strongly alkaline conditions. Due to the combination of high exchange current density and a deliberately narrow potential window, the three-dimensional BDD/graphite composite electrode is expected to be both durable and efficient. It offers promise as a long-life electrode material for alkaline fuel cells and other high-current electrochemical devices, providing a cost-effective alternative to platinum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13872,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrochemical Science","volume":"20 11","pages":"Article 101196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}