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Assessing the external validity of the ACT as a predictor for intelligence quotient scores 评估ACT作为智商分数预测因子的外部有效性

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101921

Jon Butler

引用次数: 0

Joint modeling of cognitive aging and survival: Evaluation of birth cohort differences 认知衰老和生存的联合建模：出生队列差异的评估

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101920

Valgeir Thorvaldsson , Ingmar Skoog , Boo Johansson

{"title":"Joint modeling of cognitive aging and survival: Evaluation of birth cohort differences","authors":"Valgeir Thorvaldsson , Ingmar Skoog , Boo Johansson","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined generational differences in the associations between cognitive functioning (i.e., level and rate of change) and survival after age 70. Data were drawn from two population-based cohorts born in 1901–1907 (<em>n</em> = 1106) and 1930 (<em>n</em> = 896), each systematically sampled from the same city population and assessed on the same cognitive battery at ages 70, 75, 79, 85, 88, 90, 92, 95, 97, 99, and 100. Cognitive performance was indexed using a composite score derived from tests of spatial ability, perceptual-motor speed, and reasoning. Mortality data, obtained from the Swedish national population register, were complete for >99 % of the 1901–07 cohort and 39 % of the 1930 cohort (last update: April 2023). We fitted joint models for longitudinal cognitive change and survival, controlling for sex and education. Across both cohorts, a one SD lower cognitive level was associated with a 1.43-fold higher mortality hazard, 95 % HDI [1.34, 1.53]. Models including cohort interactions revealed stronger effects of cognitive level in the 1901–07 cohort (HR = 1.50 [1.39, 1.61]) compared to the 1930 cohort (HR = 1.26 [1.14, 1.40]). Moreover, steeper rates of cognitive decline were associated with increased mortality risk in the 1930 cohort (HR = 1.74 [1.40, 2.17]), but not in the 1901–07 cohort (HR = 1.07 [0.97, 1.77]). These findings suggest that cognitive level is a stronger mortality predictor among earlier-born cohorts, whereas rate of cognitive decline plays a larger role in later-born cohorts, highlighting cohort-specific differences in how cognitive aging informs survival probability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 101920"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The other half of intelligence: An obstacle-racecourse performance-based model of intelligence in action 智力的另一半以障碍赛跑成绩为基础的行动智力模型

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101919

Robert J. Sternberg

引用次数: 0

Reevaluating the Flynn effect, and the reversal: Temporal trends and measurement invariance in Norwegian armed forces intelligence scores 重新评估弗林效应和逆转：挪威武装部队智力得分的时间趋势和测量不变性

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101909

Morten Nordmo , Tore Nøttestad Norrøne , Ole Christian Lang-Ree

{"title":"Reevaluating the Flynn effect, and the reversal: Temporal trends and measurement invariance in Norwegian armed forces intelligence scores","authors":"Morten Nordmo , Tore Nøttestad Norrøne , Ole Christian Lang-Ree","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since 1954, the Norwegian Armed Forces have annually administered an unchanged general mental ability test to male cohorts, comprising figure matrices, word similarities, and mathematical reasoning tests. These stable and representative data have supported various claims about shifts in general mental ability (GMA) levels, notably the Flynn effect and its reversal, influencing extensive research linking these scores with health and other outcomes. This study examines whether observed temporal trends in scores reflect changes in latent intelligence or are confounded by evolving test characteristics and specific test-taking abilities in numerical reasoning, word comprehension, and figure matrices reasoning. Our findings, using multiple-group factor analysis and multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) models, indicate that while there was a general upward trend in observed scores until 1993, this was predominantly driven by enhancements in the fluid intelligence task, specifically figure matrices reasoning. Notably, these gains do not uniformly translate to a rise in underlying GMA, suggesting the presence of domain-specific improvements and test characteristic changes over time. Conversely, the observed decline is primarily due to decreases in word comprehension and numerical reasoning tests, also reflecting specific abilities not attributable to changes in the latent GMA factor. Our findings further challenge the validity of claims that changes in the general factor drive the Flynn effect and its reversal. Furthermore, they caution against using these scores for longitudinal studies without accounting for changes in test characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 101909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rigorous science, reported with social responsibility: Not a contradiction, but a synthesis 严谨的科学，报告的社会责任：不是矛盾，而是综合

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101910

Dragos Iliescu , Samuel Greiff

引用次数: 0

Looking beyond students' exploration and learning strategies: The role of test-taking effort in complex problem-solving 超越学生的探索和学习策略：应试努力在解决复杂问题中的作用

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101907

Róbert Csányi , Gyöngyvér Molnár

{"title":"Looking beyond students' exploration and learning strategies: The role of test-taking effort in complex problem-solving","authors":"Róbert Csányi , Gyöngyvér Molnár","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to investigate the role of test-taking effort in knowledge acquisition via problem exploration behaviour used in complex problem-solving (CPS) environments. The sample consisted of undergraduate students just starting their university studies (<em>n</em> = 1748). MicroDYN-based tasks with different levels of complexity were administered via the eDia online platform. Students' exploration behaviour was coded based on the VOTAT (vary-one-thing-at-a-time) strategy, and latent class analysis was used to identify students' behavioural and learning profiles. We identified four profiles: rapid learners, non-performers, proficient explorers and ineffective learners. Students' test-taking effort was measured based on the time they spent on the tasks. Results suggest a strong relation between VOTAT strategy use and test-taking effort. Rapid learners and proficient explorers displayed the greatest test-taking effort, followed by ineffective learners and non-performers. The results provide a new interpretation of previous analyses of the knowledge acquisition phase in CPS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 101907"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the interplay of general and specific academic achievement in predicting college performance 探索一般和特殊学业成绩在预测大学成绩方面的相互作用

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101908

Khalid ALMamari, Mohamed Al Siyabi, Abdullah Al Shibli, Abdullah AlAjmi

{"title":"Exploring the interplay of general and specific academic achievement in predicting college performance","authors":"Khalid ALMamari, Mohamed Al Siyabi, Abdullah Al Shibli, Abdullah AlAjmi","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Higher education admission policies typically prioritize Grade Point Average (GPA) as the primary criterion for college admissions, often overlooking the potential significance of specific academic achievements. This study contributes to the debate on the relative importance of general versus specific academic achievements in predicting college performance, an area less explored compared to the interplay between cognitive abilities and performance outcomes. This research analyzes twelfth-grade subject scores and college GPAs from four engineering programs (Aeronautical, System, Marine, and Civil) in Oman, as well as the combined sample. EFA and CFA results indicate that a bifactor achievement model, comprising general and two specific factors (Math-Science and Humanities-Social Sciences), adequately represents the twelfth-grade data. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) correlated these factors with college performance in the first, middle, and final years, separately for each program and the combined sample. The findings show that the Math-Science factor is the strongest predictor in the combined sample and Marine Engineering across all three years, while the general factor demonstrates broader but varying relevance in Aeronautical and Systems Engineering, especially in the middle and final years. The Humanities-Social Sciences factor has no significant impact at any level of study, and none of the factors predict performance in Civil Engineering. These results underscore the need to consider both general and specific academic achievements in admission predictive models, highlighting the dynamic interplay between program focus and student achievement profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 101908"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconsidering the search for alternatives to general mental ability tests 重新考虑寻找普通智力测试的替代方案

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2024.101892

Jeffrey M. Cucina

引用次数: 0

Putting the Flynn effect under the microscope: Item-level patterns in NLSYC PIAT-math scores, 1986–2004 把弗林效应放在显微镜下：1986-2004年NLSYC piat数学成绩的项目水平模式

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2024.101897

Joseph Lee Rodgers , Linda Wänström , Siew Ang

{"title":"Putting the Flynn effect under the microscope: Item-level patterns in NLSYC PIAT-math scores, 1986–2004","authors":"Joseph Lee Rodgers , Linda Wänström , Siew Ang","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2024.101897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2024.101897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research has demonstrated the existence of a Flynn effect in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Children (NLSYC) responses to the PIAT-Math instrument. The PIAT-Math is at least partially linked to fluid intelligence, whereas other scales in the NLSYC – PIAT-Reading Recognition, PIAT-Reading Comprehension, the PPVT, and Digit Span – are primarily based on crystallized intelligence; these scales showed little or no Flynn effect in the NLSYC. We put the 84 PIAT-Math items “under the microscope” by evaluating the Flynn effect in relation to each item, and measured the Flynn effect by computing a slope across birth-year cohorts, using nine different age replications. Following, we use expert ratings of the items on eight different features – visual matching, recall/memory, computation/estimation, spatial visualization, real-world reasoning, manipulation of geometry, solving algebra, and counting – to identify what features are important in producing the Flynn effect. The highest correlations obtain for the links between the Flynn effect and the features real-world reasoning, counting and computation/estimation. There is a negative correlation between item-level Flynn effects and the features manipulation of geometry, solving algebra, and recall/memory. These results support previous findings ephasizing the role that fluid intelligence plays in relation to the Flynn effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 101897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The AI attribution gap: Encouraging transparent acknowledgment in the age of AI 人工智能的归属差距：在人工智能时代鼓励透明认可

IF 3.3 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2024.101880

Gilles E. Gignac

引用次数: 0