International Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF THREE DIFFERENT ENERGY SOURCES ON HEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF RABBITS","authors":"Sani Babangida Salihu","doi":"10.47604/ijb.1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijb.1223","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study examined the effect of three different energy sources on hematology and serum biochemistry of rabbits. \u0000Methodology: Eighteen seven-weeks old rabbits where randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C), each consisting of six rabbits. Group A, B and C were given maize, sorghum and millet respectively as their sources of energy and were fed for a period of five weeks before sample collection and analysis. \u0000Findings: The results showed, that there was no significant different (P>0.05) in the hematology and serum biochemistry. Nevertheless, the red blood cells in all the treatment fell below the normal range. It was observed that the alkaline phosphatase of all the experimental rabbits were above the normal range. This study suggests that our test materials were not toxic to the muscle, kidney and liver of rabbits at 52.21% inclusion level. \u0000Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This implies that sorghum or millet can completely replace maize in rabbit diet with no adverse effect on the hematology and serum biochemistry parameters of rabbits.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84698197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NUTRIENT COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT COMPONENTS AND ASCORBIC ACID CONTENT RESPONSE OF PEPPER FRUIT (Capsicum annuum L.) CULTIVARS GROWN UNDER SALT STRESS","authors":"Hand M.J., Nono G.V., Tonfack L.B, Youmbi E., Taffouo V.D.","doi":"10.47604/ijb.1224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijb.1224","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Salinity stress occurs due to the accumulation of high levels of salts in soil, which ultimately leads to the impairment of plant growth and crop loss. Stress tolerance-inducing compounds have a remarkable ability to improve growth and minimize the effects of salinity stress without negatively affecting the environment by controlling the physiological and molecular activities in plants. \u0000Methodology: The pots were arranged in a complete randomized design with one plant per pot and four replicates per treatment and carried out in 2017 and 2018 to study the influence of four levels of NaCl (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM) on the antioxidant, ascorbic acid, organic and inorganic compounds of three pepper fruits cultivars (‘Granada’, ‘Goliath’ and ‘Nobili’) at mature stage. \u0000Findings: The results obtained showed that salinity decreased the mineral content (Ca, K, Zn, Mg, Mn, Iron, S and P), relative water content, and agromorphological parameters of pepper fruit. This decrease was accompanied by a significant increase of Na, soluble proteins, proline content, soluble sugar (fructose, glucose) and antioxidants, including total phenolics and flavonoids, and reduced ascorbic acid and β-carotene content. It could be an indicator of salinity tolerance which explains the maintenance of a good water status among the studied plants. However, a varietal difference response to salt stress was observed between the studied varieties. Indeed, the varieties Granada and Nobili are characterized by their vigour in absence as in the presence of salt. Under the studied salinity level there was an enhancement of health-promoting compounds (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, β-carotene and ascorbic acid) synthesis in pepper fruits, with signifcant changes in other quality parameters. \u0000Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It is concluded that varieties ‘Granada’ and ‘Nobili’ is more tolerant to salinity compared to the variety ‘Goliath’. Hence, they have a significant role to play in agriculture, food, and economy.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80283141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF INTRAPERITONEAL ADMINISTRATION OF CERIUM OXIDE ON BLOOD PARAMETERS AND LIPID PROFILE IN MICE (MUS MUSCULUS)","authors":"Samaher Sabri Hammid, Sami Jeber Al-Maliky","doi":"10.47604/ijb.1221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijb.1221","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: White laboratory mice Mus musculus L. strain BALB / C were used to study the effects cerium oxide on the hematological parameters and lipid profile values. \u0000Results: Results showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in the RBCs' hemoglobin Hb 'and PCV' parameters as well as the presence of a significant in the mean erythrocyte MCV volume in the two doses (2.5'and .3.75) micro liters / kg ' , while there was no significant difference in hemoglobin (MCH) and the mean concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells (MCHC) when compared with the control group, while the two doses did not differ significantly in PCV, Hb, RBCs, while the two doses differed significantly between them in MCV. There is significant difference in the level of triglycerides (TG, LDL) and HDL (compared with the control group) for both doses, and it was found that there was a significant difference between the low and high dose (2.'3.75) micro liters / kg in the HDL level. TG, LDL) compared with the control group at the probability level (P≤0.05), while there was no difference between the high and low dose in the level of cholesterol and (VLDL).","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79353379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXTRACTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF INTRACELLULAR LIPID AS POTENTIAL BIOFUEL FROM ALGAL BIOMASS","authors":"Auyo, M. I, A. S., A. A.","doi":"10.47604/ijb.1222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijb.1222","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Fossil fuels occuring as ancient algae deposit is the major source of energy that we energise our engines today. It is a limited non-renewable resource that will eventually run out. Algae have been reported to generate renewable fuels known as biofuel. It is in this regards that this work was carried out to determine, extract and quantify intracellular lipid in algal biomass for subsequent use as biofuel. \u0000Methodology: Four average sized ponds within Federal University Dutse Campus, Nigeria (11.00̊ N to 13.00̊ N and longitude 8.00̊ E to 10.15̊ E and altitude 465.5m). were randomly selected and 20ml pond water were collected from top, middle and bottom of each pond. 60ml pond water was taken to laboratory and were processed by first preparing the media.  3ml NPK gel fertilizer was mixed with distilled water and autoclave at 121°C for 15 min. Bold's Basal Medium (BBM) consisting stock solution and BBM consisting of trace elements were separately mixed with distilled water. 10 ml of the stock solution and 1.0 ml of the trace elements were autoclave at 121°C for 15 min. The media (BBM and fertilizer) were cooled at room temperature, antibiotics (penicillin G, di-hydro-streptomycin sulfate and gentamycin sulfate) were added and pH adjusted to 7.5 and the media were kept ready for used. Isolations of species were carried out by serial dilution using BBM and under microscope sterile syringe and needles were used to isolate some target cells from the samples. Thus, four different algal species; Euglena, Spirogyra, Selenastrum and Chlorella were isolated and identified.  Culturing of the microalgae isolates was carried out by transferring into 50 ml growth chamber containing BBM and NPK fertilizer media separately and cultured using sunlight for 10 days under controlled pH.  Two successfully grown species; Spirogyra and Selenastrum were transferred aseptically into four constructed photobioreactors containing 400 ml liquid media; two containing BBM and the other fertilizer media. Nile Red was used to stain the algal wet biomass and observed under microscope and subsequently photographed. Microalgal cultures were dewatered by repeated centrifugations at 4000 rpm and the supernatants were discarded and the micoralgal biomass rinsed with deionised water to remove the residual salt and later dried using thermostatic drying oven and subsequently grinded. Growths were determined through dry weight determination and growth percentage was obtained as:  dried biomass of a species from each medium/total dried biomass of the species x 100. The dried algal biomass was extracted and evaporated and extracts were heated using vacuum rotary evaporator to separate the solvent (chlorofoam) from the extracts. Transesterification was carried out and first prepared solution was poured into a conical flask containing 5.2 g lipid of Selenastrum species and the second solution was poured into a conical flask containing 2 g lipid of Spirogyra spp. Both flasks were heated","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76270742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Major Depressive Disorders through Neuroimaging Studies and their Treatment Methods","authors":"Jevetha Vijayadasan, Diksha Raghunathan, Sivakumar Rajagopal, Rahul Soangra","doi":"10.46300/91011.2021.15.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46300/91011.2021.15.4","url":null,"abstract":"Many mental disorders are caused due to improper regulation of the brain and depression is one such. It affects both children and adults and is very common among teenagers. There are many challenges clinicians face regarding the management of this disease. These challenges have prompted the development of various neuroimaging techniques that effectively diagnose the condition. The main techniques are Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Positron emission tomography (PET) which have gained momentum over the years. Advanced MRI techniques help study certain regions of the brain such as hippocampus and amygdala. Effective treatments for depression include antidepressant medications and brain stimulation techniques. Although treatments are effective for a lot of people, there is still room for improvement. This article (1) presents background on depression, its types, symptoms and risk factors; (2) elaborates the neuroimaging techniques used and reviews the various techniques adopted over the years to study depression; and (3) discusses the treatment methods that can be practised to cure depression. KeywordsBrain Stimulation Techniques, Depression,","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73498065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress Classification Using K-means Clustering and Heart Rate Variability from Electrocardiogram","authors":"Mingu Kang, Siho Shin, Jaehyo Jung, Y. Kim","doi":"10.46300/91011.2020.14.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46300/91011.2020.14.32","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we propose a method to classify individuals under stress and those without stress using k-means clustering. After extracting the R and S peak values from the ECG signal, the heart rate variability is extracted using a fast Fourier transform. Then, a criterion for classifying the ECG signal for the stress state is set, and the stress state is classified through k-means clustering. In addition, the stress level is indicated using the R − Speak value. This method is expected to be applied to the U-healthcare field to help manage the mental health of people suffering from stress. Keywords— K-means Clustering, Electrocardiogram (ECG), Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84159029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity of Condensate Produced From Olive Mill Wastewater Using Solar Energy in Mice","authors":"B. Al-Trad, S. Gharaibeh, Ameerah Qeshawy, M. A. Zoubi, Almuthanna K. Alkaraki, S. Omari, Malek Shehab","doi":"10.46300/91011.2021.15.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46300/91011.2021.15.2","url":null,"abstract":"Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is one of the environmental challenges associated with the olive oil industry. This study was carried out to investigate the potential acute and sub-chronic toxicity of oral treatment of OMW condensate in mice. Different doses (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 mg/kg) were applied once to investigate acute toxicity. Sub-chronic toxicity was investigated using thirty mice; two groups with (500, 4000 mg/kg/body weight) doses along with one control group. Acute toxicity study results showed that the LD50 was greater than the highest tested dose with no signs of systemic toxicity, mortality, or behavioral changes. In addition, the sub-chronic investigation did not show significant changes in behavior, body weight, and vital organs weight/body weight ratio along with no observed differences in the studied hematological parameters. Condensate dose of 500 mg/kg did not show significant differences in the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). However, the AST serum level was significantly decreased and the serum level of BUN was increased at the dose of 4000 mg/kg. Results suggest that single and repeated oral doses of olive condensate administered orally are safe in mice.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91002120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arrhythmia Detection Algorithm using GoogLeNet and Generative Adversarial Network with Lifelog Signals","authors":"Siho Shin, Jaehyo Jung, Mingu Kang, Y. Kim","doi":"10.46300/91011.2021.15.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46300/91011.2021.15.1","url":null,"abstract":"Arrhythmia is a cardiovascular disease with an irregular heartbeat, which can lead to a heart attack if it lasts for an excessive amount of time. Because the symptoms of arrhythmia occur irregularly, the heart needs to be monitored for a lengthy time period. This study suggests an arrhythmia diagnosis algorithm using GoogLeNet and a GAN. Because the algorithm proposed in this study can add to the number of data using a GAN, it can accurately diagnose an arrhythmic occurrence from measured lifelog over a short period of time. The classification of ECG data using GoogLeNet and a GAN showed an accuracy of approximately 99%.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87738474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ants’ Acquisition of A Symbol for Zero and Its Use to Add","authors":"M. Cammaerts, R. Cammaerts","doi":"10.5539/ijb.v12n4p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n4p1","url":null,"abstract":"It has been previously shown that workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti can add up numbers of elements when seeing the result of the operation during training, can acquire multiple numerical symbolisms and can make additions using learned numeric symbols. They have also been shown to acquire the notion of zero through experiences. Here, we examined if these ants can associate a symbol with zero and can use this symbol to add. Working on four colonies, we found that the ants acquired a numerical symbolism for zero, and that they used this acquisition for making the additions 1 + 0, 2 + 0, 3 + 0, 4 + 0. This ability simply resulted from operative conditioning and from the ants’ capability in adding up two amounts sighted side by side. The latter imperative condition shows that ants’ numerical cognitive faculties are at a lower level than that observed in honeybees, in some birds and monkeys.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89461960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a HPLC Method for the Determination of 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamyl Alcohol in Extracts Obtained from Stachyurus Chinensis Franeh","authors":"Jing Ji, Jie Cao, Jianming Cheng","doi":"10.5539/IJB.V12N3P40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/IJB.V12N3P40","url":null,"abstract":"Stachyuri medulla helwingiae medulla is a wild used genus in clinic, especially in promoting lactation. Most study confirmed it’s evidently rich in polysaccharide. In this study, a HPLC method for the quantification of Coniferyl alcohol (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamyl alcohol) was validated. The results showed that the HPLC method was linear (0.01-0.16mg/ml) with good accuracy, precision and robustness. The content of Coniferyl alcohol in different formula granule ranged from 0.091-0.163mg/g. Thus, the method might be used for the standardization of the extracts based on the Coniferyl alcohol marker.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83611590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}