International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics最新文献

{"title":"An Analytical Model for Axially-Loaded Floating Piles in Continuously Inhomogeneous and Two-Layer Soils","authors":"Armando Della Corte,&nbsp;Stijn François,&nbsp;Chiara Iodice,&nbsp;Aggelos Tsikas,&nbsp;George Anoyatis","doi":"10.1002/nag.70374","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70374","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work presents elastic analytical solutions for the response of axially-loaded floating piles embedded in vertically continuous inhomogeneous and two-layer soil deposits. The proposed model extends previous works of some of the authors for end-bearing piles to floating piles. For smoothly inhomogeneous soils, a generalised Fourier series faithfully approximates the soil modes, enhancing computational efficiency. For two-layer soils, the problem is addressed through a formulation of a piecewise eigenvalue problem that extends the classical homogeneous-soil approach to layered media and satisfies the compatibility of stresses and displacements at the layer interface. This allows the soil modes to be represented by simple trigonometric functions in each layer. The soil is modelled as an approximate Tajimi-type continuum, accounting solely for the effect of the vertical soil displacement component on the stresses. This reduces the two governing equations from classic axisymmetric elastic medium to a single vertical equilibrium equation. The soil column under the pile tip is treated as a pseudo pile, with properties identical to those of the surrounding soil. Both the actual and the pseudo pile segments are idealised as axially deforming rods following the strength-of-materials theory. The predictive capability of the proposed model is verified with comparisons against results obtained from available analytical and numerical solutions in terms of pile head stiffness, pile normal forces, and vertical shear stresses at the soil-pile interface. The effect of soil inhomogeneity on the load-transfer mechanism and pile response is investigated through an extensive parametric analysis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 13","pages":"4981-4993"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Framework for In Situ Rock UCS Assessment and Full-Hole Strength Inversion Integrating MWD Signals and Symbolic Regression Strategies","authors":"Shuai Huang,&nbsp;Jian Zhou,&nbsp;Weixun Yong","doi":"10.1002/nag.70368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70368","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accurate in situ estimation of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is essential for safe geotechnical and mining operations, yet traditional coring followed by laboratory testing rarely supports rapid strength profiling. This study develops a UCS assessment framework based on measurement while drilling (MWD) signals to provide a lightweight prediction tool. Field drilling totaling 297 m provides continuous records of penetration rate, thrust, pump pressure, torque, bit rotation speed, and depth. Subsequently, symbolic regression (SR) is employed to extract functional relationships between MWD parameters and UCS. Among the compared SR models, the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics algorithm via sequentially thresholded-least squares (STLSQ–SINDy) achieves the most favorable balance between simplicity and predictive accuracy, with a test coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) of 0.9413 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.53 MPa. Nonparametric tests and residual diagnostics further confirm its consistently superior performance under the current data conditions. To reduce the potential optimism associated with random partitioning in a small dataset, leave-one-hole-out cross-hole validation is conducted. Under this more conservative setting, STLSQ–SINDy achieves a mean test <i>R</i>² of 0.8709 ± 0.0471, indicating comparatively stable cross-hole transferability within the five boreholes. The optimal analytical expression is then coupled with filtered MWD waveforms to reconstruct rock UCS profiles for five boreholes, which capture the stratified strength hierarchy and locate critical depth windows. Overall, this work presents a systematic application of sparse SR to field MWD data and demonstrates the potential of the MWD–SR framework for low-cost rock strength prediction.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 13","pages":"5039-5067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safer Underground Stopes with Quantified Uncertainty: An Interpretable and Data-Driven Update to the Stability Graph","authors":"Shuai Huang,&nbsp;Jian Zhou","doi":"10.1002/nag.70373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70373","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accurate stope stability assessment is essential for safe underground mining. This study develops an interpretable, data-driven framework to update the conventional stability graph and reduce its reliance on predefined linear boundaries. Based on 426 cases, a multilayer perceptron optimized by balancing composite motion optimization achieves a test accuracy of 90.70%. Stratified bootstrap resampling confirms stable lower bound performance, with 95% confidence intervals of [0.85, 0.95] for accuracy, [0.83, 0.95] for balanced accuracy, and [0.85, 0.95] for weighted F1 score. Monte Carlo perturbation of rock mass and geometric inputs produces only about a 1% label-flip rate, indicating robustness to moderate input uncertainty. Sensitivity and interpretability analyses identify the stability number as the dominant factor, while hydraulic radius acts as a secondary variable with strong interaction effects. Residual Kriging is then used to calibrate predicted probabilities in the stability graph, select an optimal decision threshold of 0.3, and define an uncertainty zone for ambiguous conditions. Relative to existing stable–unstable prediction boundaries, the updated graph shows stronger class separation, and external validation on two independent datasets yields conservative accuracies above 90%. The framework is mainly intended for open stoping and open-span stability assessment; application to mining methods governed by different failure mechanisms requires site-specific recalibration and validation. Overall, the study provides an interpretable and uncertainty-aware pathway for quantitative stability graph refinement.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 13","pages":"5117-5148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Rate- and State-Dependent Stick-Slip Friction Parameters Under a Low-Stiffness Loading Condition","authors":"Hengtao Yang,&nbsp;Hang Lin,&nbsp;Bing Bai,&nbsp;Yan Zou","doi":"10.1002/nag.70358","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70358","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The rate‑ and state‑dependent friction (RSF) law effectively characterizes fault stick‑slip behavior, with its parameters acting as key variables controlling the mechanical response of fault surfaces. Because these parameters are highly sensitive to the stiffness of the measuring system, this study investigates a method for determining RSF parameters under low‑stiffness loading. Numerical simulations are used to analyze the relationship between characteristic features of the low‑stiffness stress–displacement curves and the friction parameters, thereby verifying the feasibility of the approach. Comparisons further reveal distinct measurement behaviors between high‑ and low‑stiffness systems. The results demonstrate that friction parameters can be reliably inverted from shear tests using a low‑stiffness machine. This method substantially reduces apparatus requirements and enables parameter extraction from the system's spontaneous stick‑slip response without an imposed velocity step, opening the possibility for continuous, real‑time monitoring of friction evolution during loading.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 13","pages":"4994-5008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Simulation of the Influence of Skeleton Particle Roughness on the Mechanical Behavior of Cemented Soil-Rock Mixtures Under Cyclic Loading","authors":"Fengming Qian,&nbsp;Chong Shi,&nbsp;Liang Liu,&nbsp;Xuan Tang","doi":"10.1002/nag.70372","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70372","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The roughness of skeleton particles is a critical factor influencing the macroscopic mechanical properties of cemented soil-rock mixtures (CSRM). Under cyclic loading, the quantitative effect of roughness on macroscopic material performance is challenging to ascertain. This study employed spherical harmonic reconstruction to generate particle models that consider realistic surface morphology. Three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) numerical specimens reflecting different roughness levels were established. Through cyclic shear numerical tests under varying roughness conditions, the influence of roughness on the macroscopic hysteresis characteristics and stress-strain response of the material was quantitatively analyzed. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism was elucidated by examining mesoscopic features, including displacement fields, and the magnitude and spatial distribution of contact forces. The results indicate that as roughness increases, the connectivity of the force chain network is enhanced, and the constraining effect of skeleton particles on the displacement of surrounding soil is improved, effectively suppressing interparticle sliding and rotation. Macroscopically, this manifests as a reduction in hysteresis loop area and an enhanced deformation resistance under cyclic loading. Additionally, increasing the loading rate further strengthens the peak deviatoric strength of the material and inhibits crack propagation. The findings provide a reference for evaluating the mechanical performance of CSRM under cyclic loading.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 13","pages":"4967-4980"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Framework for Reliability Analysis of Rainfall-Induced Slopes Failure Based on Site-Specific Data","authors":"Rui Yang,&nbsp;Yanan Meng,&nbsp;Guoqing Cai,&nbsp;Jinsong Huang","doi":"10.1002/nag.70370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70370","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rainfall-induced slope failure is governed by complex multivariate interactions and inherent spatial variability of soil properties. However, conventional Gaussian-based reliability models fail to capture the nonlinear dependencies between hydraulic and mechanical parameters and cannot fully utilize limited site-specific data. This paper develops a Copula-based conditional random field (Copula-CRF) framework that explicitly incorporates multivariate non-Gaussian dependencies and maximizes the use of site-specific data in probabilistic slope stability evaluation. The framework first identifies optimal Copula structures for multivariate parameters based on site-specific data and then embeds the identified dependence models into a conditional random field to generate spatially correlated realizations constrained on both hydraulic and mechanical observations. A representative slope case exhibiting failure is analyzed to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The Copula-URF approach yields a failure probability of 0.22, whereas the Copula-CRF approach yields 0.911, accompanied by a reduction in standard deviation from 0.207 to 0.023. The results indicate that the Copula-CRF framework provides more realistic reliability estimates than Copula-URF approaches by fully utilizing available site-specific data. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated under varying parameter uncertainties, spatial correlations, rainfall patterns, and site investigation schemes, confirming the robustness and applicability of the approach. Applications of the proposed Copula-CRF framework demonstrate that it can reliably evaluate the stability of rainfall-induced slopes with site-specific data. The method also provides a general reference for reliability analysis and risk-informed decision-making in geotechnical engineering.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 13","pages":"5213-5229"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overshooting of Hypoplastic Models With Intergranular Strain: Manifestation, Implications and Remedy","authors":"Jan Machaček,&nbsp;Merita Tafili,&nbsp;Carlos Grandas Tavera","doi":"10.1002/nag.70375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70375","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intergranular strain extensions of hypoplasticity (IGS, ISA, GIS) are widely used to model small-strain and cyclic soil behaviour. However, recent studies and our own simulations reveal that these models can exhibit stress overshooting not only under repeated small loading cycles but also during monotonic loading. This manifests as an unphysical accumulation of deviatoric stress and mobilised friction angles exceeding <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>60</mn>\u0000 <mo>∘</mo>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <annotation>$60^circ$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, leading to overpredicted shear strength and stiffness. Of the three inspected extensions, IGS and ISA are the most susceptible to overshooting. While GIS mitigates overshooting under deviatoric loading, it persists during oedometric unloading-reloading. The cause lies in the constitutive structure of intergranular strain frameworks: when the mobilisation variable satisfies <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>ρ</mi>\u0000 <mo>&lt;</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$rho &lt;1$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, the effective elastic strain range becomes too large relative to the prevailing stress state, allowing stress accumulation with insufficient plastic dissipation. To regularise this behaviour while retaining the hypoplastic backbone, a two-step projection approach is proposed that activates only upon violation: (i) a deviatoric projection onto an auxiliary Matsuoka-Nakai surface with a state-dependent cut-off angle; and (ii) an isotropic projection that limits the mean effective stress to a state-dependent bounding pressure consistent with hypoplastic barotropy. Validation across four benchmark problems, including triaxial compression tests with monotonic loading and cyclic reloading, oedometric compression with unloading/reloading cycles and a laterally loaded pile, demonstrates that the projection is non-intrusive when the stress state remains admissible, and effectively regularises overshooting when it does not. The approach improves model robustness and physical consistency in simulations involving small-strain cycling or expanding plastic zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 13","pages":"5068-5091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/nag.70375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis on Bearing Mechanism of T-Shaped Pressure Cast-Situ-Solidified Soil Pile With Spray Expanded Frustum","authors":"Sheng-shi Qiao,&nbsp;Qian-qing Zhang,&nbsp;Jing-guang Cao,&nbsp;Jing-hang Liu,&nbsp;Shu-jian Wang,&nbsp;Wei Cui","doi":"10.1002/nag.70380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70380","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>T-shaped pressure cast-situ-solidified soil pile with a spray-expanded frustum (T-PSPSF) is composed of fluidized solidified soil, and features distinct upper and lower pile sections with varying diameters, an expanded body with double-frustum (EBDF), and ribbed plates. T-PSPSF exhibits superior performance including high bearing capacity, enhanced construction productivity, and notable economic and environmental benefits. Based on the laboratory test results, the mechanical parameters of the pile are clarified. The geometric configuration of the pile was determined through field tests. For practical purposes, the diameter prediction method of EBDF is proposed. Additionally, numerical simulations were conducted with varying diameters, heights, and positions of EBDF, as well as different ratios of upper pile diameter to lower pile diameter, to determine the optimal pile structure. The load-sharing ratio of the EBDF to the total pile head load exceeds 50%. Considering both the bearing characteristics and economic efficiency of the T-PSPSF, the optimal diameter of EBDF is adopted as 1.4<i>D</i>, the optimal length is 1.0<i>D</i>, the optimal position can be adopted between 5<i>D</i> and 7<i>D</i> above the pile head, and the optimal ratio of upper pile diameter to lower pile diameter is taken as 0.5.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 13","pages":"5171-5184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Two-Dimensional Axisymmetric Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupled Model for Subsea Pipeline-Soil System Considering Imperfect Interfacial Thermal Contact","authors":"Kejie Tang,&nbsp;Tianning Zhang,&nbsp;Linlong Mu,&nbsp;Minjie Wen,&nbsp;Yuan Tu","doi":"10.1002/nag.70376","DOIUrl":"10.1002/nag.70376","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Subsea oil pipelines typically operate under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, where imperfect contact at the pipeline-soil interface hinders heat transfer. However, existing calculation models neglect the effect of interfacial thermal resistance, leading to inaccurate predictions of pipeline-soil interactions. This article establishes a two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupling model for deeply buried subsea pipeline and saturated soil based on single-phase thermoelastic theory and saturated porous thermoelastic theory, respectively. The general thermal contact model is introduced to characterize the interfacial thermal resistance effects. A semi-analytical solution for pipeline-soil interaction is obtained through Laplace transforms and separation of variables. The differences in THM coupled response between pipeline-soil system under various thermal contact models are examined, and the influence of thermal expansion coefficients on pipeline-soil interaction is parametrically investigated under the general thermal contact model. The results indicate that the general thermal contact model can describes the THM coupling characteristics of the pipeline-soil interaction more realistically; the interfacial thermal resistance effect causes a significant radial temperature gradient at the interface within the pipeline-soil system, slightly increases the axial temperature difference inside the pipeline, affects the influence of thermal expansion coefficient on the pipeline-soil interaction, and reduces the deformation compatibility; the influence of the interfacial thermal resistance effect becomes more pronounced as thermal expansion coefficient increases. The deformation compatibility of the pipeline-soil system decreases as the thermal resistance coefficient and partition thermal contact coefficient increase.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 13","pages":"5009-5038"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Operational Matrix Approach Using Chebyshev Polynomials for Solving Generalized Caputo Fractal-Fractional Differential Equations","authors":"Sumit Kumar,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar,&nbsp;Shaher Momani","doi":"10.1002/nag.70379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.70379","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study introduces an approach relying on the application of an operational matrix based on shifted Chebyshev polynomials for numerically addressing fractal-fractional (FF) linear and nonlinear differential equations, as well as systems of equations, utilizing the generalized fractional derivative of Caputo type. The proposed method transforms the generalized Caputo-type FF derivatives transformed into a system of algebraic equations, enabling the determination of unknown solutions. Theoretical analysis was conducted to establish convergence criteria and derive error bounds for the method. The approach was validated through quantitative analysis across various scenarios and benchmarked against established techniques to affirm its precision and computational effectiveness. Additionally, the method was applied to the SIRD (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Deceased) mathematical model with a FF operator, employing the spectral collocation method to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed numerical approach in handling FF derivatives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13786,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics","volume":"50 13","pages":"5149-5170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}