International dental journal最新文献

{"title":"Bangkok Declaration on Oral Health: A Clarion Call for Action by All Stakeholders","authors":"Lakshman Samaranayake Editor-in-Chief, International Dental Journal , Prathip Phantumvanit Founder Secretary General , Benoit Varenne Dental Officer","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 2","pages":"Pages 381-382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Transformative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Overview. Part 1: Fundamentals of AI, and its Contemporary Applications in Dentistry","authors":"Lakshman Samaranayake ,&nbsp;Nozimjon Tuygunov ,&nbsp;Falk Schwendicke ,&nbsp;Thanaphum Osathanon ,&nbsp;Zohaib Khurshid ,&nbsp;Shukhrat A. Boymuradov ,&nbsp;Arief Cahyanto","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) holds immense promise in revolutionising dentistry, spanning, diagnostics, treatment planning and educational realms. This narrative review, in two parts, explores the fundamentals and the multifaceted potential of AI in dentistry. The current article explores the profound impact of AI in dentistry, encompassing diagnostic tools, treatment planning, and patient care. The Part 2 of the article delves into the potential of AI in patient education, ethics and the FDI communique on AI in dentistry. The review begins by elucidating the historical context of AI, outlining its recent widespread use in various sectors, including medicine and dentistry. The narrative delves into the fundamental concepts of AI, which entails developing machines capable of executing tasks that typically necessitate human intellect. In the biomedical realm, AI has evolved from exploring computational models to constructing systems for clinical data processing and interpretation, aiming to enhance medical/dental decision-making. The discussion delves into the pivotal role of AI models in dentistry, such as Large Language Models (LLM), Large Vision Models (LVM), and Multimodality Models (MM), revolutionizing processes from clinical documentation to treatment planning. The narrative extends to the applications of AI in dental specialties such as periodontics, endodontics, oral medicine and pathology, restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, paediatric dentistry, forensic odontology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, and orofacial pain management. AI's role in improving treatment outcomes, diagnostic accuracy, and decision-making processes is evident across these specialties, showcasing its potential in transforming dental care. The review concludes by highlighting the need for continued validation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and regulatory frameworks to ensure the seamless integration of AI into dentistry, paving the way for enhanced patient outcomes and evidence-based practice in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 2","pages":"Pages 383-396"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Quality and Biofilm Formation in Dental Unit Waterline Systems in Mangaung, South Africa.","authors":"Chantal Bronwyn Kader, Olga de Smidt, Jeanné Oosthuysen","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.12.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2024.12.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biofilm formation in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) and the consequent microbial contamination of dental chair unit (DCU) water is a significant challenge. The South African government has no explicit requirements for water quality supplied to DCUs or for disinfection protocols for DUWLs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess bacterial water quality and presence of biofilm-associated organisms in DUWLs of open and closed system DCUs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Standard water sampling was followed in accordance with the South African National Standard for drinking water (SANS 241:1) and used as reference for microbial water quality to measure heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) and total coliforms for possible water contamination. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Legionella spp. are common opportunistic pathogens found in DUWL and were also assessed using selective media.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HPC exceeded the national standard of <10 × 10³ CFU mL^-1 in water from both open and closed systems (1.48-6.94 × 10⁴ CFU mL^-1 and 1.71 × 10⁴ CFU mL^-1). P. aeruginosa was detected in fast handpieces, reservoir bottles, and distiller bottles of closed system DCUs. Legionella spp. (22 CFU mL^-1) were present in the output water from one fast handpiece of an open system DCU. Internal surfaces of taps, fast handpieces, distiller bottles and reservoir bottles also exhibited mean HPC counts which exceeded the national standard. Total coliforms were identified in the fast handpieces of open system DCUs (5.09 × 10³ CFU 100 mL^-1) and distiller bottles (6.23 × 10³ CFU 100 mL^-1) of closed systems. P. aeruginosa (3.64 × 10⁴ CFU mL^-1), was detected on the internal surfaces of the municipal tap supplying water to open system DCUs as well as, internal surfaces of reservoir bottles (5.9 × 10¹ CFU 100 mL^-1) and fast handpieces (1.5×10¹ CFU 100 mL^-1) of closed system DCUs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Contamination levels of DUWL water and surfaces of open and closed system DCUs were high, highlighting the need for national regulations of DUWL quality and decontamination protocols in South Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training Socially-Conscious Dentists: Development and Integration of Community Service-Learning in Dental Curricula in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Abbas Jessani, Alexia Athanasakos, Randy Peltz, Rifat Hussain, Amani Radhaa, Martin McIntosh, Althaf Lathif, Sarah McLean","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.01.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and aims: </strong>Commuity-centred education models of care are needed to address the high dental treatment needs of equity-deserving populations with a focus on person-centred care and learner-centred education. The Community Service-Learning (CSL) programme was developed and integrated into the undergraduate dental curriculum at the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry in Canada to train undergraduate dental learners with a curriculum reflective of the complex and evolving oral health needs of local equity-deserving communities and global populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CSL programme was developed utilizing Yoder's framework for service-learning and Lave and Wenger's framework for situated learning. Community consultations were held with partner organizations and their service users in Ontario and East Africa to engage them in the development and implimentation of the CSL programme. Learners' feedback was sought through an anonymous self-reported survey to gauge their overall experiences and perceptions about the newly implemented CSL program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven community sites were selected in London, Ontario for the third-year mandatory placements. Eight learners rotated through each site. All fourth-year learners rotated through one community site in Woodstock, Ontario. Overall, the CSL programme received positive feedback from all the learners who participated in the survey with a desire for the CSL programme to continue emphasized. Three major strengths emerged from the learners' perceptions of the programme: 'the importance of community outreach and access to care', 'educational and professional development', and 'strengthening of community relationships'. Perceived areas for improvement included patient 'accessibility and communication' and, 'enhanced exposure and opportunities for the CSL programme.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CSL programme provided positive experiential learning opportunities for learners while addressing the oral health needs of equity-deserving community members in local and global contexts.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This case study provides a practical and evidence-based approach in developing an experiential learning programme that trains dental learners to overcome challenges associated with oral health access and to address the unmet oral health needs of equity-deserving communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Transformative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Overview Part 2: The Promise and Perils, and the International Dental Federation Communique","authors":"Nozimjon Tuygunov ,&nbsp;Lakshman Samaranayake ,&nbsp;Zohaib Khurshid ,&nbsp;Paak Rewthamrongsris ,&nbsp;Falk Schwendicke ,&nbsp;Thanaphum Osathanon ,&nbsp;Noor Azlin Yahya","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the final part of this two part article on artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry we review its transformative role, focusing on AI in dental education, patient communications, challenges of integration, strategies to overcome barriers, ethical considerations, and finally, the recently released International Dental Federation (FDI) Communique (white paper) on AI in Dentistry. AI in dental education is highlighted for its potential in enhancing theoretical and practical dimensions, including patient telemonitoring and virtual training ecosystems. Challenges of AI integration in dentistry are outlined, such as data availability, bias, and human accountability. Strategies to overcome these challenges include promoting AI literacy, establishing regulations, and focusing on specific AI implementations. Ethical considerations in AI integration within dentistry, such as patient privacy and algorithm bias, are emphasized. The need for clear guidelines and ongoing evaluation of AI systems is crucial. The FDI White Paper on AI in Dentistry provides insights into the significance of AI in oral care, dental education, and research, along with standards for governance. It discusses AI's impact on individual patients, community health, dental education, and research. The paper addresses biases, limited generalizability, accessibility, and regulatory requirements for AI in dental practice. In conclusion, AI plays a significant role in modern dental care, offering benefits in diagnosis, treatment planning, and decision-making. While facing challenges, strategic initiatives focusing on AI literacy, regulations, and targeted implementations can help overcome barriers and maximize the potential of AI in dentistry. Ethical considerations and ongoing evaluation are essential for ensuring responsible, effective and efficacious deployment of AI technologies in dental ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 2","pages":"Pages 397-404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2-Step Mendelian Randomisation Study Assesses Genetic Causality and Potential Mediators of Periodontal Disease and Atrial Fibrillation.","authors":"Xiaohan Zhang, Chengzhong Lian, Shuqing Shi, Jiaran Li, Lianxin Wang, Zezhen Guo, Naixu Liu, Huan Wang, Yuanhui Hu, Bai Du","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.12.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2024.12.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and aims: </strong>This study aims to examine the possible causal link between periodontal diseases and atrial fibrillation (AF), with a focus on the modifiable risk factors that facilitate this connection.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Firstly, bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian Randomisation (MR) analyses were conducted using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data on periodontal disease (87,497 cases/259,234 controls) from FinnGen and AF (55,114 cases/482,295 controls) from AFGen. Then, a 2-step MR approach was employed to evaluate the mediating role and proportions of 25 candidate factors among the direct causality between periodontal disease and AF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Periodontal disease was found to be associated with an increased risk of AF (odds ratio 1.16, 95% CI 1.027-1.314, p = .017), independent of other covariates such as dental caries, pulp, and periapical diseases. Conversely, no causal relationship was detected indicating that AF leads to periodontal disease condition. Furthermore, in the 2-step MR analysis, 5 out of 25 candidate mediators were screened as statistically significant. Ranked by partial mediation proportion, these modifiable mediators included weight (30.3%), IL-17 (17.2%), TNF (14.08%), coronary atherosclerosis (13.4%), and hypertension (11.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrated the genetic causality between periodontal disease and AF. Maintaining oral hygiene, adopting standardised periodontal therapy, and restricting body weight are critical goals for patients with periodontal disease to mitigate disease progression to AF.</p>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary and Mandibular Premolars in an Emirati Sub-Population.","authors":"Hanadi Almehrzi, Summaya Khawajah, Nouf Alharbi, Rashid El Abed, Mohamed Jamal","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and aims: </strong>Numerous studies have reported that maxillary and mandibular premolars have a complex internal canal configuration, which can vary according to the race and geographic origin. Therefore, a thorough knowledge and understanding of the root and canal morphology is crucial to ensure successful outcome of root canal treatment. This retrospective study aims to describe the root and canal morphology of the maxillary and mandibular first and second premolars in the Emirati subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 360 CBCT scans that were randomly selected and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The scans were reviewed by two evaluators who recorded the number and shape of roots and categorized the canal morphology based on the Vertucci classification (VC). The data were analyzed statistically using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1795 premolars were examined. Most maxillary first premolars had one root (52.1%), while only 0.9% had three roots. Type I VC was the most common canal configuration (53.8%). The majority of maxillary second premolars had one root (91%). Type I VC was the most common canal configuration (47.4%), followed by type III (32.4%). Most of the mandibular first and second premolars had one root (77.3% and 97%, respectively), and Type I VC was the most common canal configuration (70.4% and 94.9%, respectively). C-shaped canals were most observed in the mandibular first premolars, with a prevalence of 22.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results showed great variations in the canal configuration. In addition, C-shaped canals in mandibular first premolar is relatively high (22.7%).</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Premolars in Emirati population exhibit complex anatomy. Therefore, clinicians might consider advanced diagnostic and treatment techniques when treating premolars in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Association Between Microbiome and Oral-Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Zhengrui Li, Xufeng Huang, Qi Wang, Divya Gopinath","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.01.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2025.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and aims: </strong>This study aimed to examine the causal link between oral microbiome and the risk of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOPSCC) using Mendelian randomization (MR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables, we applied the MR inverse-variance weighted approach to assess the impact of salivary and tongue microbiome on OOPSCC. The data were obtained from the CNGBdb database and the UK Biobank, and analytical procedures were performed using the R package 'TwoSampleMR'. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we conducted sensitivity studies, which included the MR-Egger intercept test, to establish strong correlations and eliminate the phenomenon of horizontal pleiotropy.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Our large-scale MR study revealed a genetically predisposed causal relationship between 13 microbial taxa, each from saliva and tongue, with OOPSCC. Notably, microbial taxa from six genera, including Prevotella, Neisseria, Veillonella, Granulicatella, Treponema, and Streptococcus, in both salivary and tongue microbiomes, showed this relationship. Conversely, several taxa, including Hemophilus, Solobacterium, Campylobacter, and Porphyromonas, predominantly demonstrated an inverse relationship, suggesting a protective effect. The robustness of our findings was further confirmed through sensitivity analyses, providing additional confidence in our results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our MR study indicates that the oral microbiota has a significant causal impact on the risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers. The microbial biomarkers we identified, which are linked to OOPSCC, have the potential to uncover the underlying mechanisms and pave the way for new therapeutic approaches for targeted treatment of these malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SONOPS Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study: Study of the Nitrous Oxide Perception and Use in French Dental Students.","authors":"Mélanie Duval, Maud Rodney, Morgane Rousselet, Choosie Jaquin, Elsa Garot, Thomas Marquillier, Ariane Camoin, Marion Strub, Mathieu Marty, Edouard-Jules Laforgue, Caroline Victorri-Vigneau, Tony Prud'homme","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.identj.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and aims: </strong>EMONO (equimolar oxygen-nitrous oxide mixture) is widely used in dentistry to achieve sedation for dental care. In addition, pure nonmedical nitrous oxide (N2O) has become a very popular psychoactive substance among health students. Thus, for dental students, the perception of a same substance, N2O, which can either be used as medicine in the form of EMONO in their daily practice, or consumed illegally for recreational purposes in the form of pure nonmedical N2O, is of concern. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of N2O (EMONO and pure nonmedical N2O) use among French dental students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional multicentre study was carried out in six French dental schools. A self-administered questionnaire was offered to 2nd to 6th-year odontology students about their position with regard to N2O and its potential use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of N2O use among the 1124 responding students was 50.4%, with heterogeneity according to dental school. 84% of the students who used N2O did so at least once for recreational purpose, while 16% used it only in the context of care and/or training. Students with recreational N2O use were more likely to use other substances than students with care/training use. Nearly three-quarters of the students sought and experienced euphoria and laughter.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nearly half the students in our study reported having used N2O recreationally, most of them regularly, a much higher prevalence than among nonhealthcare students.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The issue of the correct use of EMONO is particularly important at a time of increasing detour from medical to recreational use. As future healthcare professionals with easy access to this substance, dental students should be well versed in the use and abuse of nitrous oxide in dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroxyapatite-Fluoride Toothpastes on Caries Activity: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Fabio Cocco ,&nbsp;Claudia Salerno ,&nbsp;Richard Johannes Wierichs ,&nbsp;Thomas Gerhard Wolf ,&nbsp;Antonella Arghittu ,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Cagetti ,&nbsp;Guglielmo Campus","doi":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.09.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.identj.2024.09.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aimed to evaluate the remineralizing effect of hydroxyapatite and fluoride containing toothpastes (HAF's) on active caries lesions compared to a fluoridated standard toothpaste in pre/schoolchildren. A total of 610 children (4-5 and 6-7 years old) were enrolled. Four toothpastes, 2 containing fluoride-substituted hydroxyapatite (HAF) (1000 and 1450 ppmF) and magnesium-, strontium-, carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite, in a chitosan matrix and 2 Mono fluoridated toothpastes (NaMFP) (1000 and 1450 ppmF), were randomly administered for 24 months. The children were instructed to brush for 2 minutes 3 times/day. Caries activities, by clinical surface features, were recorded at baseline and 12- and 24-month follow-ups. A per-protocol analysis was adopted, thus excluding children lost to follow-up. Overall, 518 children completed the trial. Baseline comparisons revealed no significant differences in primary teeth caries rates between HAF and NaMFP groups, both for enamel and dentinal lesions. By the end of the study, the HAF group exhibited a statistically significant reduction in enamel lesions compared to the NaMFP group (<em>P</em> &lt; .01). Of the 40 partially active lesions at baseline in the HAF group, 13 were inactive at the 2-year follow-up. Of the active lesions in the HAF group (n = 78) at baseline, nearly 3-quarters (n = 58) were inactive at the follow-up. The difference between the 2 groups (HAF <em>vs</em> NaMFP) in terms of change of status in primary dentition (active at baseline and inactive at follow-up) was statistically significant (<em>P</em> = .04). Regarding dentinal lesions, both groups presented similar percentages of inactive lesions that were filled at the end of follow-up (<em>P</em> = .08). However, the HAF group demonstrated a higher number of inactivated lesions compared to the NaMFP group. The toothpaste containing biomimetic hydroxyapatite and fluoride may be better for children with active caries lesion in primary dentition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13785,"journal":{"name":"International dental journal","volume":"75 2","pages":"Pages 632-642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}