Political Economy: National最新文献

{"title":"State of Student Aid and Higher Education in Texas (2019)","authors":"Carla Fletcher, Kasey Klepfer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3411786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3411786","url":null,"abstract":"The State of Student Aid and Higher Education in Texas (SOSA) annual report from Trellis Research provides information helpful in informing policy and programs for higher education student financial aid. The report serves as a reference for colleges, universities, and policymakers, and provides a comparison of Texas state and federal student aid programs.<br><br>A primary goal of the SOSA is to serve as a resource for generating healthy discussions based on a common understanding of the facts. For more than two decades, Trellis has made this complimentary report available to lawmakers and higher education institutions to help inform their work as they shape policies and programs affecting Texas students. As a straightforward reference report, the SOSA highlights data on a variety of student finance topics, including higher education, demographic projections, college costs, student loan repayment outcomes, and higher education policy. <br>","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126028540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Construction of National Identities","authors":"Milena Almagro, David Andrés-Cerezo","doi":"10.3982/TE3040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3982/TE3040","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the dynamics of nation‐building policies and the conditions under which a state can promote a shared national identity on its territory. A forward‐looking central government that internalizes identity dynamics shapes them by choosing the level of state centralization. Homogenization attempts are constrained by political unrest, electoral competition and the intergenerational transmission of identities within the family. We find nation‐building efforts are generally characterized by fast interventions. We show that a zero‐sum conflict over resources pushes long‐run dynamics toward homogeneous steady states and extreme levels of (de)centralization. We also find the ability to foster a common identity is highly dependent on initial conditions, and that country‐specific historical factors can have a lasting impact on the long‐run distribution of identities.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133378314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Return of U.S. Sanctions on Iran: Challenges and Prospects for Korea","authors":"Jae-wook Jung","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3887164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3887164","url":null,"abstract":"The United States withdrew a Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) regarding Iran s nuclear program on May 8, 2018, with Iran and the other participants still staying in the deal. In August 2018,...","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122254412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Participatory Budgeting Change the Share of Public Funding to Low Income Neighborhoods?","authors":"Iuliia Shybalkina, R. Bifulco","doi":"10.1111/pbaf.12212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbaf.12212","url":null,"abstract":"Using a newly compiled dataset, we measure the effects of participatory budgeting on the allocation of capital funding among areas of different income levels within New York City council districts. A difference‐in‐differences design compares changes in the allocation of funding in adopting districts before and after the adoption of participatory budgeting to changes over the same period among a control group consisting of later adopters. On average, adopting districts increase funding in the next to the lowest income census tracts more than the control group, but participatory budgeting does not redirect funds to the lowest income census tracts.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128084596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transparencia presupuestal de las entidades subnacionales en Colombia (Budget Transparence of Sub-National Entities in Colombia)","authors":"Jairo Alonso Bautista, Didier A. Sepúlveda Reyes, Adriana Marcela Mantilla Salamanca","doi":"10.18601/16577175.n22.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/16577175.n22.03","url":null,"abstract":"El presente avance investigativo tiene como propósito realizar un análisis sobre los niveles de Transparencia Presupuestal (TP) de la gestión fiscal y financiera de los departamentos en Colombia, mediante la aplicación de la metodología, empleada por el Índice de Transparencia Presupuestal, desarrollada por el International Budget Partnsership.  Estudios anteriores han señalado los bajos niveles de participación ciudadana en la construcción, seguimiento y vigilancia del presupuesto público, particularmente en las regiones menos desarrolladas del país, en las que las instituciones democráticas aún se muestran débiles e incipientes. Estos bajos niveles de participación se explican también por los bajos niveles de transparencia de la información presupuestal, la cual dificulta el ejercicio ciudadano del control y la participación ciudadana. En este sentido, la transparencia debe garantizar no solo un deber del Estado, sino que también un derecho ciudadano con el fin de permitir: i. Controlar la ejecución eficaz y eficiente del presupuesto, ii. Hacer incidencia para modificarlo y iii. Evaluar los impactos del gasto en aspectos como mejora de la calidad de vida y disponibilidad de mayores y mejores bienes públicos (International Budget Partnership, 2015). La propuesta fundamenta la construcción de los elementos analíticos para evaluar la transparencia y permitir la creación de un estudio de largo plazo que permita verificar la evolución en el tiempo de los niveles de transparencia del presupuesto de los departamentos y sirva de guía para el fortalecimiento de prácticas de transparencia presupuestal.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"433 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133227087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperative Municipal Lending in Sweden","authors":"Jan Schnitzler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2926880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2926880","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies a municipal credit agency, which is a specialized financial institution facilitating municipalities’ access to international capital markets. I document that gaining access to the agency’s credit facility decreases municipal borrowing costs compared to commercial bank loans. Built in the agency’s lending terms, I find support of a coinsurance mechanism across municipalities. Nevertheless, net gains of improved credit access must dominate since almost all municipalities have voluntarily joined. Finally, I could not detect evidence that a municipality’s participation in such a municipal credit agency adversely affects its fiscal discipline.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131113083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of Budget Control: How It Should Be? A Case Study of the Local Government of Indonesia","authors":"R. Damayanti","doi":"10.35609/afr.2018.3.3(3)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2018.3.3(3)","url":null,"abstract":"Objective - This research aim is to examine the phenomenon of budget control and deviant behavior in order to answer the question: \"how should budget control in the government sector be in order to effectively prevent deviant behavior such as budgetary slack?\" The study focuses on local governments in Indonesia, where such controls have not been able to combat budgetary slack, which has led to widespread corruption.\u0000\u0000Methodology/Technique - This study uses the Habermas method to criticize budgetary control practices that continue in the present day.\u0000\u0000Findings - By creating a public space over localized wisdom-based control, known as an informal control system, the weakness of formal control systems in overcoming budgetary slack with be reduced.\u0000\u0000Novelty - This study takes a critical approach, while most previous studies have adopted a positivistic approach or an interpretative study.\u0000\u0000Type of Paper: Empirical.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Budget; Budget Control; Budgetary Slack; Local Wisdom; Public Sector, Indonesia.\u0000\u0000JEL Classification: M10, M14, M19.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129769963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Government Units in the Philippines: Are you Ready for Federalism?","authors":"Arecio Casing","doi":"10.18003/AJPA.20187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18003/AJPA.20187","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the existing fiscal architecture of the Republic of the Philippines in relation to its Local Government Units. It assesses the present defects in order to guide developers of the new federal framework. This analysis begins with the Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991 or Republic Act No. 7160 of the Philippines. One of its components in Section 284 and 285 is the formula for Allotment of Internal Revenue Taxes and the Allocation to Local Government Units respectively. This formula is currently under criticism due to the perceived unequal distribution of wealth to various provinces, cities, and municipalities in the Philippines. This has resulted in winning and losing local government units. \u0000This paper will focus on the current fiscal architecture together with its failures and defects. Emphasis will be made on the Internal Revenue Allotment for Local Government Units with its imbalances. An analysis on the existing gaps, vertical, and horizontal imbalances will be undertaken to serve as consideration before any shift or transition towards a federal system of government. Policy recommendations will be presented to serve as guidelines to consider before allocating revenues and responsibilities to each local government unit. The Local Government Units in the Philippines are ready for Federalism, however critical foundations have to be established before any shift in form is to be made.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126053556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"States’ Rights and State Wrongs: SNAP Work Requirements in Rural America","authors":"Rebecca H. Williams, Lisa R. Pruitt","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3256371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3256371","url":null,"abstract":"A resurgence in work requirements for safety net programs, including the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), has marked the early years of the Trump administration. Some lawmakers at both the federal and state level have moved to revive and expand SNAP’s work requirements, despite evidence that such work requirements do little to increase self-sufficiency or improve long-term economic outcomes among those living in poverty. This chapter takes up the issue of work requirements in the context of rural communities, where the need for safety net programs and food system supports is acute. Indeed, data suggest that rural communities are more reliant on SNAP and that the program, like other safety net programs, has greater positive, poverty-alleviation benefits for rural recipients than for urban ones. At the same time, work requirements are particularly poor fits for rural communities, which tend to be characterized by weak labor markets; lack of economic opportunity; and other structural deficits such as geographic isolation, lack of access to transportation, and insufficient childcare. Such factors make it especially difficult for rural residents to satisfy work requirements and thus retain access to SNAP. \u0000 \u0000This chapter takes up the issue of SNAP work requirements in the context of rural America. We begin with a brief overview of SNAP and examine the recent push to make SNAP work requirements more strict. We then turn to an overview of the need and current state of use of the social safety net in rural America. If work requirements are to be effective — and, indeed, appropriate — work opportunities must be available. We therefore consider employment data and information on safety net use across the rural-urban axis. Finally, we present a case study about the results of relatively early efforts to impose work requirements on SNAP receipt in Maine. While safety network requirements are politically popular, in practice they often fail to achieve their goals of promoting self-sufficiency and in fact worsen the plight of those already suffering the ill-effects of poverty and food insecurity.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132652795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Tax Competition in Internal Territorial Tax Regimes: Federal States and the European Union","authors":"Patrici Masbernat, Gloria Ramos-Fuentes","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.2036-3583/8775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.2036-3583/8775","url":null,"abstract":"This paper carries out a reflection, from a comparative perspective, on tax competition within the federal states, especially in the countries of America and Europe. For this, the authors explain the different aspects of the problem: fiscal competition; the decentralization and federalism and its fiscal effect; the fiscal federalism; and the tax competition in federal states. The authors seek to explain these phenomena and evaluate the positive and negative arguments that have been given about tax competition in this context. The authors describe how fiscal decentralization and fiscal competition are phenomena that have overpassed the Federal States and has been extended to countries with other forms of State.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125816418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}