Political Economy: National最新文献

{"title":"Time in Office and the Changing Gender Gap in Dishonesty: Evidence from Local Politics in India","authors":"Ananish Chaudhuri, V. Iversen, Francesca R. Jensenius, Pushkar Maitra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3576294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3576294","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the share of women in politics is regularly promoted as a means of reducing corruption. In this paper, we look for evidence of a gender gap in dishonesty among elected representatives, as well as how this changes with time in office. Based on a sample of 356 inexperienced and experienced local politicians in West Bengal, India, we combine survey data on attitudes towards corruption with data from incentivized experiments. While we find little evidence of a gender gap in the attitudes of inexperienced politicians, a lower faith in political institutions and a greater distaste for corruption can be seen among experienced politicians, particularly women. However, this seeming hardening in attitudes among female politicians also coincides with more dishonest behavior in our experiments. Exploring mechanisms for this difference, we find it to be strongly associated with lower risk aversion. Our study indicates that gender gaps in politics should be theorized as dynamic and changing, rather than static.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115157021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiscal Federalism and Economic Performance - New Evidence from Switzerland","authors":"Heiko T. Burret, Lars P. Feld, Christoph A. Schaltegger","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3275424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3275424","url":null,"abstract":"The link between federalism and economic performance is still ambiguous. Aiming at clarification, we improve on a widespread shortcoming by measuring federalism not just by one variable but by various institutions that constitute it. To this end, Switzerland provides for a laboratory as its 26 cantons share a common framework, while the extent of federalism varies between the cantons and across time. By exploiting this setting, the paper provides evidence for the expected heterogeneity: The impact of federalism on economic performance differs conditional on the federal instrument considered. Overall, instruments of competitive federalism appear to improve economic performance of the cantons, while adverse effects are reported for cooperative elements.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127611535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous Colonial Borders: Precolonial States and Geography in the Partition of Africa","authors":"Jack Paine, Xiaoya Qiu, Joan Ricart-Huguet","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3934110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3934110","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a new theory and evidence on colonial border formation in Africa. Existing accounts highlight that Europeans unilaterally drew arbitrary international borders in ignorance of local conditions. We instead show that African border formation was a dynamic process that lasted for decades, and propose that self-interested Europeans faced incentives to learn about and adjust to realities on the ground. The rough boundaries of precolonial states and salient geographical features (rivers and lakes) created focal points for Europeans to form borders and settle disputes, and also created leverage for African chiefs to influence colonial borders. To test our theory, we compiled original spatial data on precolonial states. Using both grid cells and ethnic groups, we test hypotheses about precolonial states and water bodies. We also compiled extensive data from treaties and diplomatic correspondences to show direct evidence of the mechanisms. We conclude that the colonial states were largely artificial with respect to historical and geographic antecedents—yet the borders between these states were not.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130789659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Real Effects of Municipal Bond Markets: Evidence from Establishment-Level Data","authors":"Thanh D. Huynh, Ying Xia","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3930426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3930426","url":null,"abstract":"Local governments’ bond issues carry information about local macroeconomic outlook that is valuable for firms’ internal human capital allocation. We find that firms increase local employment by 0.14% after a one-standard-deviation increase in a county’s municipal bond issuance. These effects are more pronounced when municipal bond issues are more informative about future local economic outlook and are underwritten by connected underwriters who hold shares in the firm. These effects are also larger among firms with stronger incentives to learn from municipal bond signals. Aggregate firm-level performance is also higher, suggesting that the allocation of human resources is beneficial to firms.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129811712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is There a Glass Cliff in Municipal Management? Examining the Hiring and Departure of Women City Managers","authors":"L. Yang, L. Connolly, Jennifer Connolly","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3899480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3899480","url":null,"abstract":"Women are underrepresented in public sector leadership, including the field of city management. There are several explanations for what might prevent women from achieving gender parity in city management. We examine one such explanation - a “glass cliff” phenomenon whereby councils are more likely to hire women as city managers during crises, potentially setting women up for failure in the profession. Using original observational data on city managers in Florida, we test whether municipalities are more likely to hire women during times of fiscal stress and whether women are more likely than men to leave the position if municipal finances do not improve. Our results show that increasing budget deficits are associated with municipalities hiring women managers. Post-appointment, a lack of improvement in the deficit condition is associated with a higher probability of women, but not men, leaving the position. This suggests that a glass cliff in city management may be one important factor that prevents women from advancing within the field.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114727056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Political Impacts of Land Expropriation in China","authors":"Wenbiao Sha","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3776636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3776636","url":null,"abstract":"I study the political consequences of state expropriation of agricultural land in rural China by using national individual-level panel data for the period 2010-2018. Comparing outcomes before and after expropriation with changes among individuals not experiencing expropriation, I find that having one’s land expropriated decreases individuals’ trust towards local government officials, and increases the incidence of having conflicts with local government officials. I also provide evidence that the adverse political impacts can be mitigated by better local governance and undertaking projects with public benefits.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122120997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19, Lockdowns, and States’ Cost of Borrowing","authors":"N. Tran, Cihan Uzmanoglu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3734900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3734900","url":null,"abstract":"We study the influence of state lockdowns during the coronavirus (COVID) pandemic on states’ cost of borrowing. First, we examine the extent to which states’ own COVID exposures are priced, controlling for US-level COVID developments. We find that a doubling of new COVID cases in a state is associated with a 5% increase in its cost of borrowing particularly at the beginning of the pandemic. Although this finding suggests that lockdowns would lower states’ borrowing costs by reducing the spread of COVID, lockdowns also reduce local economic activities. Overall, we find that lockdown announcements are associated with an 8% increase in states’ borrowing costs. This effect is stronger among general obligation, unsecured, and shorter-term bonds, for lockdowns announced before the Federal Reserve’s liquidity programs, and not reversed after state re-openings. Our findings suggest that the increase in financing costs of lock-down states may prolong their economic recovery from the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130197410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological Knowledge Spaces and the Resilience of European Regions","authors":"S. Rocchetta, Andrea Mina, Changjun Lee, D. Kogler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3785195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3785195","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Regional knowledge spaces are heterogeneous, and the structure of these knowledge spaces can play a significant role in shaping regional economic performances during economic downturns. This article explores the relationship between a region’s technological profile and its resilience to exogenous shocks. To identify the determinants of regional economic resilience, we perform panel analyses of EU 15 NUTS II level data covering the years before and after the 2008 financial crisis. The most significant results are that, beyond pure diversification effects, regions endowed with technologically coherent capabilities adapted better in times of economic downturn, and that resilience is influenced by a region’s capacity to generate new growth paths. These findings deepen our understanding of the evolution of regional economies and have relevant implications for the design of appropriate regional development policy instruments.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132213839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why are Residential Property Tax Rates Regressive?","authors":"Natee Amornsiripanitch","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3729072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3729072","url":null,"abstract":"Among single family homes that enjoy the same set of property tax-funded amenities and pay the same statutory property tax rate, owners of cheap houses pay 50% higher effective tax rates than owners of expensive houses. This pattern appears throughout the United States and is caused by systematic assessment regressivity -- cheap houses are overappraised relative to expensive houses. At least 30% of the observed regressivity can be explained by tax assessors' flawed valuation methods, which ignore variation in priced house and neighborhood characteristics. Infrequent reappraisal explains less than 10% of the phenomenon. Heterogeneous appeal behavior and outcomes do not contribute. Overtaxation of minorities and low-income households is a by-product of assessment regressivity because these households sort into cheap houses. Within the same local house price decile, black households are proportionately taxed, while Hispanic and low-income households are undertaxed. Taken at face value, correcting assessment regressivity would increase poor homeowners' net worth by more than 15%.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127965853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ПЛАН ЗА ИНТЕГРИРАНО РАЗВИТИЕ НА ОБЩИНА ПОРДИМ ЗА ПЕРИОДА 2021-2027 г. (Plan for Integrated Development of the Municipality of Pordim for the Period 2021-2027)","authors":"Andrey Zahariev, Stoyan Prodanov, Aneliya Radulova, Silvia Zarkova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3781635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3781635","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Bulgarian Abstract:</b> Разработеният документ за община ПОРДИМ следва указанията на МРРБ Документът се разработва съгласно следната структура: Част I. Териториален обхват и анализ на икономическото, социалното и екологичното състояние, нуждите и потенциалите за развитие на съответната община; Част II. Цели и приоритети за развитие на общината за периода 2021-2027; Част ІІІ. Описание на комуникационната стратегия, на партньорите и заинтересованите страни и формите на участие в подготовката и изпълнението на ПИРО при спазване на принципите за партньорство и осигуряване на информация и публичност; Част ІV. Определяне на зони за прилагане на интегриран подход за удовлетворяване на идентифицираните нужди и за подкрепа на потенциалите за развитие и на възможностите за сътрудничество с други общини -приоритетни зони за въздействие Част V. Програма за реализация на ПИРО и описание на интегрирания подход за развитие; Част VІ. Мерки за ограничаване изменението на климата и мерки за адаптиране към климатичните промени и за намаляване на риска от бедствия Част VIІ. Необходими действия и индикатори за наблюдение и оценка на ПИРО; Част VIII. Предварителна оценка, съгласно условията на чл. 32 от ЗРР. При разработването на документа е спазен принципа за приемственост и съгласуваност с вече разработени и утвърдени стратегически планови документи, както следва: • Общински план за развитие на Община Пордим по ЗРР (2013-2020 г.) • Интегриран план за обновяване на населените места в община Пордим (разработен в периода 2014-2015 г.) • Общинската програма за опазване на околната среда в Община Пордим, приета с решение №77 /26.02.2016 г. на Общински съвет – Пордим. • Проект за ОУП на община Пордим (2020 год.) • Програма за управление на Община Пордим (2020-2023 г.), разработена в съответствие с изискванията на чл. 44, ал. 5 от Закона за местното самоуправление и местната администрация. • Хоризонтален социално-икономически анализ на районите на национално ниво, изготвен от „Национален център за териториално развитие“ ЕАД. • Националната екологична мрежа НАТУРА 2000. • Националната концепция за пространствено развитие (НКПР) 2013-2025. • План за управление на риска от наводнения в Дунавски район за басейново управление 2016-2021г. приет с РЕШЕНИЕ № 1104 / 29.12.2016 год. на Министерски съвет. • Национална стратегия за адаптация към изменението на климата и План за действие. • Решения на ОбС, данни от НСИ.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The developed document for PORDIM municipality follows the instructions of the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works. The document is developed according to the following structure: Part I. Territorial scope and analysis of the economic, social and ecological condition, needs and potentials for development of the respective municipality; Part II. Goals and priorities for development of the municipality for the period 2021-2027; Part III. Description of the communication strategy, of the partners and the stakeholders and the","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122333677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}