Political Economy: National最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Funding for State Pensions on State Borrowing Costs","authors":"Brendan Cooney","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3611030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3611030","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the impact a state’s funding for their pension obligations has on their borrowing costs. This is measurable by examining the amount it costs for each state to borrow money and comparing it to the level of funding for pensions. States with less funding to cover pension obligations can expect their borrowing costs to increase. This is because states with less funding are perceived as riskier investments. It is important for states to keep their pension funding healthy because it will save them money when they issue debt in the market. This will free up more cash for essential services and the budget.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115492676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community QE2: New Key Provisions and an Updated ‘Game Plan’ for State and Municipal Action","authors":"R. Hockett","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3589851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3589851","url":null,"abstract":"On April 28th the Fed announced it would already be loosening the terms of its an unprecedented new Municipal Liquidity Facility (‘MLF') for States and their Subdivisions now struggling to address the nation’s COVID-19 pandemic. This is effectively ‘Community QE2’ in all but name. Because Community QE, which is still in the process of being operationalized, will constitute a literal lifeline to States and their Subdivisions, and is in light of its novelty still as unfamiliar as it is essential, this Memorandum briefly summarizes what the new Facility enables now and will likely enable in future. On this basis it then recommends a three-phase ‘Game Plan’ for States and their Subdivisions to put into operation immediately – that is, during the first week of May.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131297636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobilizing Community and Family Resilience Across Illinois","authors":"S. Weine, Teresa Córdova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3888399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3888399","url":null,"abstract":"To mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and alleviate the pressure on medical resources, state and local governments in Illinois mandated measures of social distancing, including sheltering at home. While necessary during a pandemic, these measures have the potential to undermine the very essential social and family ties that individuals depend upon on during moments of crisis. Prior experiences with disasters teach us that the distress people experience will be due both to the pandemic itself and to the losses of communality and support that result from these disruptions. Because of persistent and widespread racial inequities and residential segregation,2 the pandemic will likely impact communities unevenly, resulting in families and communities of color, including undocumented persons, being among the hardest hit. Mobilizing community and family resilience can help promote positive coping for all, and prevent adverse health and mental health outcomes, especially for the most vulnerable. Community resilience is the sustained ability of a community to utilize available resources to respond to, withstand, and recover from adverse situations. This brief describes four primary sets of resources that underlie community resilience: Economic development (the level of resources, their diversity, and equity); Social capital (social support, participation, bonds, roots, and commitment); Information and communication (trusted information sources and positive narratives); and Community competence (collective action and decision-making skills, collective efficacy, and empowerment). Access to some versions of these resources are critical during a disaster. To mitigate against potential negative outcomes during the response and recovery phases over the next nine months, the primary recommendation of this brief is that Illinois rapidly launch a new Resilient Illinois Initiative that provides targeted training and support to communities and families. This initiative will build and strengthen their resilience for coping with the COVID-19 pandemic. This can be achieved through a public-private collaborative effort funded by the state, led by a community-based organization with support from university researchers, which will engage a network of community-based organizations so as to reach communities and families throughout Illinois.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141211615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Federalism and Polycentric Government in a Pandemic","authors":"Victoria E Perez, J. Ross","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3570726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3570726","url":null,"abstract":"Networks of overlapping local governments are the front line of governmental responses to pandemics Local governments, both general purpose (municipalities, co","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129826562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Regions In January-November 2019: Inertia Retains","authors":"N. Zubarevich","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3554973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3554973","url":null,"abstract":"The regions over January-November 2019 demonstrated stunted social and economic development. Except renewal in the residential construction sector following the recession the fastest rate of development was posted in the largest Moscow agglomeration. Amid the weak wage growth seen in the vast majority of the regions the low level of unemployment retains. The budgetary situation is favorable, however the revenues growth of the budgets of many regions in large measure is secured by the growth of transfers. The need to implement President’s Executive Orders was reflected in the outstripping growth of budgetary expenditure on national economy and provision of public amenities.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132338562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Методологические аспекты оценки параметров «модельного бюджета» регионов (Methodological Aspects of Assessing the Parameters of the 'Model Budget' of the Regions)","authors":"Igor Arlashkin, Natalya Barbashiova, A. Deryugin, Anna Komarnitskaya, I. Sokolov, Alfiia Khuzina","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3596204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3596204","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Работа содержит результаты анализа российской практики оценки бюджетных расходов территорий при распределении выравнивающих трансфертов, а также тестирование различных подходов к оценке «модельного бюджета». Проведенное исследование позволяет сформулировать конкретные рекомендации по совершенствованию оценки «модельного бюджета» и дальнейшему применению этой оценки при распределении межбюджетных трансфертов.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The paper presents the results of the analysis of the Russian practice of assessing the budget expenditures of territories in the distribution of equalizing transfers, as well as testing various approaches to assessing the “model budget”. The study allows to formulate specific recommendations for improving the assessment of the “model budget”and the further application of this assessment in the distribution of intergovernmental transfers.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114401049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Оценка налогового потенциала территорий в Швейцарии, Италии и Индии (Assessment of the Tax Potential of Territories in Switzerland, Italy and India)","authors":"Igor Arlashkin, Natalya Barbashiova, Anna Komarnitskaya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3596209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3596209","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> В работе рассматриваются методики оценки налогового потенциала субнациональных образований в трех странах: Швейцарии, Италии и Индии. Анализируются состав налогов, которые учитываются в оценке налогового потенциала, методы оценки, используемые формулы и коэффициенты, наличие стимулирующих элементов, результаты оценки.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The paper considers approaches employed to assess the tax potential of subnational entities in Switzerland, Italy, and India. It analyzes the composition of taxes that are taken into account in assessing tax potential, assessment methods, formulae and coefficients, stimulating effects, and assessment results.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"56 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120932036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilateral Constraints on Chinese Behavior in South China Sea Territorial Disputes","authors":"Timothy McDade","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3552183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3552183","url":null,"abstract":"Why have the bargaining strategies of the interested states in South China Sea (SCS) territorial disputes changed over time? To date, scholarship has analyzed states’ overall strategies towards the SCS, domestic determinants of bargaining strategies, and China’s remarkable growth and unique position in the world system. But what about international constraints on crisis bargaining? This paper will argue that China’s willingness to engage in restrained negotiating behavior during the bargaining process is constrained by the degree to which it is accountable to the international institutional status quo and the financial system that supports it. China’s decision to exercise restraint in bargaining passes through two analytical dimensions: an assessment of its power relative to neighbors and an analysis of the costs and benefits of defying multilateral institutions. My theory predicts unrestrained, more aggressive bargaining when relative power is high and the state in question is decreasingly accountable to international multilateral institutions. Using case studies and historical sources, this paper finds that restraint in bargaining behavior in the South China Sea from the 1970s to the present is directly related to relative power and the extent to which China’s behavior is constrained by its accountability to international multilateral institutions. These findings are applicable to academics and policymakers considering the engagement between countries and the world order.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130702981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steiner v. Utah: Designing a Constitutional Remedy","authors":"Michael S. Knoll, Ruth Mason","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4070922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4070922","url":null,"abstract":"In an earlier article, we argued that the Utah Supreme Court failed to follow and correctly apply clear U.S. Supreme Court precedent in Steiner v. Utah when the Utah high court held that an internally inconsistent and discriminatory state tax regime did not violate the dormant commerce clause. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court recently declined certiorari in Steiner, but the issue is unlikely to go away. Not every state high court will defy the U.S. Supreme Court by refusing to apply the dormant commerce clause, and so the Court will sooner or later likely find itself facing conflicting interpretations of the dormant foreign commerce clause. Accordingly, in this article we address an issue that we did not cover in our earlier article: how Utah could revise its tax system to satisfy the Constitution.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126680359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Childhood Education and Life-Cycle Health","authors":"J. García, J. Heckman","doi":"10.3386/w26880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w26880","url":null,"abstract":"This study forecasts the life-cycle treatment effects on health of a high-quality early childhood program. Our predictions combine microsimulation using nonexperimental data with experimental data from a midlife long-term follow-up. The follow-up incorporated a full epidemiological exam. The program mainly benefits males and significantly reduces the prevalence of heart disease, stroke, cancer, and mortality across the life-cycle. For men, we estimate an average reduction of 3.8 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The reduction in DALYs is relatively small for women. The gain in quality-adjusted life years is almost enough to offset all of the costs associated with program implementation for males and half of program costs for women.","PeriodicalId":137820,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy: National","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130684032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}