INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH最新文献

{"title":"Impact of air pollution on reproductive health in Afghanistan","authors":"K. Akbar, Taj Mohammad Khaksar","doi":"10.31069/japsr.v3i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v3i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of one or more contaminants (harmful substances) in the atmosphere in a specific quantity, for such duration, which is injurious or tends to be injurious to human health, welfare, animal, or plant life is called air pollution. Air pollutants are of commonly two types, which are produced through natural pollutants; they include dust (crustal material), sea salts, biological material, pollen, spores or plant-animal debris, volcanic eruptions (which release a very large quantity of gases and particles into the atmosphere), periodic forest fires, thunderbolts, wind erosion, and low concentration ozone. Other types of pollutants are produced in human-made (technical) environments, like mobile sources (cars, trucks, airplanes, marine engines, etc.) or point sources (factories, electric power plants, etc.). The high level of air pollution is a big problem all over the world and also in Afghanistan, and all residents of this country are severely exposed to this ever-worsening situation. Air pollution and other extraordinary environmental problems are factors that threaten the livelihood of millions of Afghans, as a study report shows that 60% of Kabul’s residents are exposed to increased levels of harmful toxins, such as, nitrous oxides and sulfur dioxide. According to the State of Global Air report, more than 26,000 afghan deaths could be attributed to pollution in 2007, but United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) documented nearly 3,500 civilian casualties from the war for the same time period, so air pollution is killing more Afghans than war because they burn anything possible to get energy and heat they need. Result of air sampling in major urban centers of Afghanistan shows high amounts of particulate matters (PM), benzo-a-pyrene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) originating from vehicle exhaust emission. The highest concentrations were founded in Kabul and Mazar-e-Sharif (13.6 ng/m3 ). The absence of industrial parks, nonconformity of environmental protection rules, especially by industries, urbanization, degradation of fertile lands, deforestation, seasonal winds, drought, internal migration, and low knowledge about pesticides and herbicides use, are factors that boost the severity of air pollution in Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, women are more exposed to high levels of indoor air pollution because they spend more time at home due to their cultural rules; also, women have responsibility for household activities, working in the kitchen to prepare food, they are exposed to poor sanitation and contaminated water supplies, they clean and sweep rooms and yards with inadequate protection equipment, which are significant sources of dust, so they are often exposed to high levels of smoke and dust for long periods.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81835817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction, isolation and characterization of Bauhinia variegata flower","authors":"Akanksha Gupta, A. Tripathi, Pushpraj S Gupta","doi":"10.31069/japsr.v3i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v3i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bauhinia variegata Linn. is a native plant of Asia and China. B. variegata is found in tropical regions of the world. It belongs to family Leguminosae. It is used for diarrhea, hemorrhoids, constipation, piles, edema, leprosy, wounds, tumors, etc.  Objective: The objective of the present study was to perform extraction of B. variegata flower and isolation of active constituents from the extract. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extraction of B. variegata flower was performed using the Soxhlet apparatus. The isolation of active constituents from the extract was performed using chromatographic techniques. In column chromatographic studies, n-hexane- [dichloromethane (DCM)] (2:8) was used as an eluting system and further purified through thin layer chromatography (TLC). Compound A and B were isolated through chromatographic techniques, then the molecular formula and characterization of these compounds were carried out with mass and infrared (IR) spectral analysis. Results and Discussion: The percentage yield of B. variegata ethanolic extract (BVE) was found to be 20.8% w/w. The different fractions were F1 having 12.5 grams with n-hexane, F2 (17.1 grams) with CH2Cl2, F3 (21.2 grams) with EtOAc, and F4 (13.4 grams) with EtOH. Compound A and B were isolated from the solvent fractions of n-hexane-DCM (2:8) and EtOAc-DCM (1:9), respectively. The compound A was characterized as 3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one. The compound B was characterized as 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one. Conclusion: Thus, B. variegata flowers possess active components that need to identify their biological activities.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91287605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Development of Transdermal Patches\u0000of Antipsychotic Drug: In vitro and Ex vivo\u0000Characterization","authors":"Himabindu Peddapalli, Anjaneyulu Rajagoni, Preethi Pagilla, Jerusha Perumala, Shilpa Puppala, K. Sunand, V. Bakshi","doi":"10.21477/ijapsr.5.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21477/ijapsr.5.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present research work was to design, assess, and estimate the developed transdermal matrix-type\u0000formulation comprising levosulpiride hydrochloride with the objective of enhancing the bioavailability and compliance of\u0000the patient. Transdermal films of levosulpiride were developed using a solvent casting method by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose\u0000(HPMC) E 15, Eudragit RL 100, and Eudragit RS100. In current research work, propylene glycol and oleic acid\u0000was used as plasticizer and permeation enhancers in different fractions. Among the batches, drug content uniformity with\u0000all formulations was perceived between 91.6 to 98%. Folding endurance of patches was good and indicates satisfactory\u0000flexibility. Developed transdermal films had the necessary physicochemical properties, for example, uniformity of drug\u0000content, weight, thickness, folding endurance, and dampness content. Franz diffusion cell was used for in vitro diffusion\u0000studies utilizing dialysis membrane as a pervasion boundary. Formulation F5 (Eudragit RL 100-1%, HPMC E15-9%) was\u0000found to be best among all batches of its consistent release rate for 12 hours and the extent of drug release 97.76%. F5\u0000was the most palatable formulation as it firmly meets the standards and continuously permeated drugs for 12 hours that\u0000can keep up desired therapeutic concentration in plasma. The patches were exposed to transient stability studies and were\u0000observed to be constant and stable.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84050654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation, Development, and Optimization of Anti-\u0000Hypertensive Nisoldipine Extended-Release Tablet\u0000Formulation","authors":"K. Kumar, K. Sunand, N. Mounika, M. Samad, A. M. Babu, K. M. Chinnala","doi":"10.21477/ijapsr.5.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21477/ijapsr.5.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"A drug molecule has to be water-soluble to be readily delivered to the cellular membrane. Many drugs are waterinsoluble,\u0000which creates numerous problems in the development of dosage forms. Controlled drug delivery\u0000formulation releases the drug with controlled kinetics for days and months, reducing the frequency of dosing,\u0000minimizing side effects, and improving patient compliance. Nisoldipine is a calcium channel antagonist that is\u0000indicated for the treatment of hypertension with very poor aqueous solubility. Thus, there is a need to improve\u0000the rate of drug release. Hence, the study was carried out to design, formulate and evaluate sustained-release\u0000tablet formulation of nisoldipine. Nisoldipine controlled release matrix tablets were prepared by roll compaction\u0000method. Preformulation studies have confirmed the purity and compatibility of drug with excipients used in the\u0000formulation. Pre-compression studies have confirmed the stability of formulation blends for compression. All\u0000the prepared formulations were evaluated for various physical and compression parameters such as bulk and\u0000tapped density, hardness, friability, and in vitro drug release studies. The results of drug release from prepared\u0000compressed nisoldipine extended-release tablets were found to be within the desired range.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77852662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol alone and its Combination with Pterostilbene amends Valproic Acid-Induced Autism in Swiss Albino Mice: Postnatal Model","authors":"K. Sunand, G. K. Mohan, V. Bakshi","doi":"10.21477/IJAPSR.5.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21477/IJAPSR.5.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study was aimed to determine the therapeutic role of resveratrol and pterostilbene alone and combination in reversing the behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in valproic acid (VPA) induced oxidative stress and neuron damage in a postnatal model of autism. Method: 13 days old Swiss albino mice pups were randomly divided into five groups of six each, vehicle-treated group (1 mg/mL CMC), autistic group (VPA 400 mg/kg, sc), resveratrol (20 mg/kg, po), pterostilbene (10 mg/kg, po), and combination of resveratrol (10 mg/kg, po) + pterostilbene (5 mg/kg, po) group. On postnatal day (PND) 14, valproic acid (VPA) 400 mg/kg, sc, was administered to all except vehicle treated group. Resveratrol and/or pterostilbene was administered daily from PND 14 to 40. During the treatment, period various behavioural parameters were analysed. At the end of study, animals were sacrificed for biochemical estimations and histopathological study. Results: Single time administration of VPA at 400 mg/kg, sc, effectively induced autism. Treatment with resveratrol, pterostilbene, and the combination gave significant recovery in behavioral activity, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in mice when compared with the autistic group. Conclusion: Resveratrol and pterostilbene are good nutraceuticals in reversing the valproic acid-induced autistic deficits, in this study combination of resveratrol and pterostilbene provide superior results on recovery over individual therapy, it is suggested that this combination therapy potentiates the benefits and is more suitable for autism therapy.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85205987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple and Rapid Method for Rat Estrous Cycle Identification Using Crystal Violet- Hormonal Consideration","authors":"N. Begum, K. Manipriya, Rahathunnisa Begum, B. Veeresh","doi":"10.21477/IJAPSR.5.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21477/IJAPSR.5.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Rat estrous cycle determination or vaginal smear staining is paramount for studies related to endocrinology\u0000and reproduction; in the present study; we have reported a simple and rapid method for estrous cycle determination\u0000in rats using crystal violet. With this technique, the identification of stages can be done even on the\u0000next day. Hormonal variation in blood and histomorphological changes in ovaries at different stages of the\u0000estrous cycle were studied in female Wistar rats, which can be used to determine the hormone levels in works\u0000related to hormonal drugs, further ovarian morphology can be used to study changes in ovaries during the\u0000estrous cycle. This study aims to report a rapid and simple method for vaginal cytology using crystal violet\u0000and to report normal hormonal levels and histomorphology of ovaries in various phases of the estrous cycle.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74070350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Repurposing: A Paradigm Shift in Drug Discovery","authors":"S. Jayaram, Emdormi Rymbai, D. Sugumar, Divakar Selvaraj","doi":"10.21477/IJAPSR.5.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21477/IJAPSR.5.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional methods of drug discovery and drug development are a tedious, complex, and costly process.\u0000Target identification, target validation; lead identification; and lead optimization are a lengthy and unreliable\u0000process that further complicates the discovery of new drugs. A study of more than 15 years reports that the\u0000success rate in the discovery of new drugs in the fields of ophthalmology, cardiovascular, infectious disease,\u0000and oncology to be 32.6%, 25.5%, 25.2% and 3.4%, respectively. A tedious and costly process coupled with a\u0000very low success rate makes the traditional drug discovery a less attractive option. Therefore, an alternative to\u0000traditional drug discovery is drug repurposing, a process in which already existing drugs are repurposed for\u0000conditions other than which were originally intended. Typical examples of repurposed drugs are thalidomide,\u0000sildenafil, memantine, mirtazapine, mifepristone, etc. In recent times, several databases have been developed\u0000to hasten drug repurposing based on the side effect profile, the similarity of chemical structure, and target site.\u0000This work reviews the pivotal role of drug repurposing in drug discovery and the databases currently available\u0000for drug repurposing.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84270685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF URINARY TRACT STONES IN KHOST, AFGHANISTAN","authors":"Baitullah Abdali, Khoshal Janatzai","doi":"10.31069/japsr.v3i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v3i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The urinary tract stones include renal (nephrolithiasis), ureter (ureterolithiasis), and urinary bladder stones (cystolithiasis). The knowledge of the mineral composition of the urinary tract stone is important for the treatment, patient education, and to develop preventative strategies. Aim: This study aims to characterize the proportion of different types of urinary tract stones and their chemical composition in Khost province. Material and Methods: A retrospective, the hospital-based study design was used. The stones were analyzed using simple qualitative biochemical tests. A total of 63 patients were included in this study from Sept 2016 to Aug 2019. The stones were checked for the presence of calcium, magnesium, ammonium, oxalate, phosphate, uric acid, and cystine. Results: The results obtained showed the incidence of the kidney (48 stones), ureteric (4 stones), urinary bladder (11 stones) at the age group of 18-75 years (mean 56.2). The incidence in men was higher than women, male to female ratio being 3:1. The chemical analysis of overall stones has shown that 88.21% had mixed compositions, and 11.79% presented a unique composition. The majority of stones obtained from women was cystine (70%) and oxalate (72%) stones, whereas the majority of stones in men were that of calcium oxalate (76%) and uric acid (74%) stones. Eight of the stones were pure of calcium oxalate, five were pure uric acid, 7 were pure cystine, and 43 were mixed stones. Among the mixed stones, oxalate was present in 32 samples (43 of total), calcium was present in 36 samples, uric acid was seen in 17, phosphate was present in 23, and cysteine was present in 14 stones. Conclusion: This study showed that the most common type of mineral composition found in different urinary stones is calcium oxalate (81%), followed by cystine and uric acid. Further broader and large scale studies are required to assess the mineral base of the urinary tract stones in Afghanistan to develop preventive strategies and promote public awareness about dietary recommendations.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72937165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OVERVIEW ON PLANT CASSIA SOPHERA LINN","authors":"S. Shukla, A. Singh","doi":"10.31069/japsr.v3i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v3i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal herbs are moving from fringe to mainstream use, with a more significant number of people seeking remedies and health approaches free from side effects caused by synthetic chemicals Cassia sophera Linn. (Caesalpinaceae), an important drug in Unani medicine, act as a blood purifier, carminative, purgative, digestive, and diaphoretic. Many compounds have been reported from plants belonging to genus Cassia. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Cassia sophera. It is obtained from deciduous and mixed-monsoon forests throughout greater parts of India, ascending to 1300 m in outer Himalaya. It is widely used in the traditional medicinal system of India has been reported to possess analgesic, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and antiasthmatic activity, etc. India officially recognizes over 3000 plants for their medicinal value. It is generally estimated that over 6000 plants in India are in use in traditional, folk, and herbal medicine.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88644404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REVIEW ON PANDEMIC OUTBREAK OF CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19): VIROLOGY, AVAILABLE TREATMENT, PREVENTION, AND FUTURE PROJECTION","authors":"A. M. Kanavaje, Vipul Sansare","doi":"10.31069/japsr.v3i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31069/japsr.v3i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, this disease has spread rapidly around the globe. On 11 March 2020, WHO declared Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic and reiterated the call for countries to take immediate actions and scale up the response to treat, detect and reduce transmission to save people’s lives. As of 3 April 2020, according to the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), a total of 2301 COVID-19 cases (including 55 foreign nationals) have been reported in 29 states/union territories. These include 156 who have been cured/discharged,1 who has migrated, and 56 deaths in India. Considering the potential threat of a pandemic, scientists and physicians have been racing to understand this new virus and the pathophysiology of this disease to uncover possible treatment regimens and discover effective therapeutic agents and vaccines. The objective of this review article was to have a preliminary opinion about the disease, the ways of treatment, and prevention in this early stage of this outbreak.","PeriodicalId":13749,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88703277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}