International Hepatology Communications最新文献

{"title":"A pilot study of natural interferon γ therapy for chronic hepatitis C","authors":"Michio Sata ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Nakano ,&nbsp;Tatsuya Ide ,&nbsp;Taiji Sato ,&nbsp;Norito Matsukuma ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Suzuki ,&nbsp;Kyuichi Tanikawa","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(97)00356-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(97)00356-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Background: To assess the effectiveness and side effects of interferon (IFN)γ therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Materials and methods: A single dose of 1 × 10⁶ IU of natural IFNγ was administered intramuscularly daily for 4 weeks to five patients with chronic active hepatitis C. Alanine aminotransferase levels, 2′-5′ oligoadenylate synthetase activity, <em>β</em>₂ microglobulin levels, IFNγ activity and HCV RNA levels were measured in sera. Results: ALT level, 2′-5′ oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5AS) activity, <em>β</em>₂ microglobulin (BMG) level, and IFNγ activity increased from 1–2 weeks after the start of IFNγ. However, HCV RNA levels did not decrease during IFNγ administration. There were no serious adverse reactions. Conclusions: IFNγ, which has attracted attention for its immunoenhancement, is worthy to be investigated as a therapy for chronic hepatitis C. However, the use of IFNγ in combination with IFNα, β or other antiviral agents may be more rewarding because of the possibly weak antiviral action of IFNγ.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 264-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(97)00356-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76652041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of the 5′-untranslated region in HGVGB-C hepatitis virus RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction","authors":"Yasuyuki Okamoto ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Nakano ,&nbsp;Masahide Yoshikawa ,&nbsp;Eiryo Kikuchi ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Fukui ,&nbsp;Hirotsugu Okuda ,&nbsp;Taikou Tamagawa ,&nbsp;Yoshinori Matsuyama ,&nbsp;Shoji Samma","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00340-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00340-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using newly-designed primers for semi-nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to detect 5′-untranslated region of <span><math><mtext>HGV</mtext><mtext>GB-C</mtext></math></span> hepatitis virus RNA, we screened 45 patients and found three <span><math><mtext>HGV</mtext><mtext>GB-C</mtext></math></span> positive patients (with fulminant hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, and on hemodialysis). Restriction fragment length polymorphism and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis revealed a similar pattern in all positive specimens. The sequence amplified by our primers might be a highly conserved sequence. We believe our primers are useful for screening of <span><math><mtext>HGV</mtext><mtext>GB-C</mtext></math></span> virus RNA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 274-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00340-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79465456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune hepatitis type 1 without evidence of hepatitis G virus infection","authors":"Tetsuya Ichijo ,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Nakatsuji ,&nbsp;Eiji Tanaka ,&nbsp;Harvey J. Alter ,&nbsp;Kaname Yoshizawa ,&nbsp;Haruhiko Imai ,&nbsp;Takeshi Sodeyama ,&nbsp;Kendo Kiyosawa","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00349-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00349-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA was measured in sera from 60 patients satisfying the international diagnostic criteria of definite autoimmune hepatitis type 1 using a reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction with primers of the putative NS5 region of the HGV genome. Five patients had a history of blood transfusion. Of the 60 patients, 55 (92%) were confirmed as having human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR4 or DR2 which are genetic markers for susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis in Japanese. None of the 60 patients had any serum markers suggesting hepatitis B virus infection and 5 (8%) had evidence of on-going hepatitis C virus infection. No patients had HGV RNA in serum. The absence of active HGV infection in this cohort suggests that HGV does not play a casual role in the development of autoimmune hepatitis in Japan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 219-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00349-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83817533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplicity of mutation in UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1∗1 gene in Gilbert's syndrome","authors":"Toshinori Kamisako ,&nbsp;Yoko Soeda ,&nbsp;Kazuo Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Sato ,&nbsp;Yukihiko Adachi","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(97)00354-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(97)00354-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gilbert's syndrome is a constitutional mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. In patients with this syndrome, mutation in the promoter and coding region of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1^∗1 gene have been reported independently. In the present study, we examined mutations in UGT1^∗1 gene using leukocytes of one male and four female patients with Gilbert's syndrome. In two cases, heterozygous mis-sense mutation of Gly71Arg was detected in exon 1A with simultaneous heterozygous mutation in the promoter region (2-base pair (TA)-insertion in the TATA box; A(TA)₇TAA, normal: A(TA)₆TAA). In the other three cases, mutation was not detected in the coding region and the homozygous A(TA)₇TAA mutation was observed. From these results, it is concluded that either homozygous mutation (inherited recessively) in TATA box of the promoter region or heterozygous mis-sense mutation (inherited dominantly) in the coding region were present in the patients with Gilbert's syndrome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 249-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(97)00354-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86149652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hepatitis G virus infection among patients with liver diseases in Japan","authors":"Kenji Abe ,&nbsp;Mitsuhiko Moriyama ,&nbsp;Shigeki Hayashi ,&nbsp;Kazuhiko Nakai ,&nbsp;Ikuo Miyauchi ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Edamoto ,&nbsp;Tamiko Saito ,&nbsp;Sugano Fukushima ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Shimizu ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Matsumura ,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Arakawa","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(97)00352-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(97)00352-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although a new RNA virus, designated hepatitis G virus (HGV) has recently been identified, the clinical significance of HGV infection is still unclear. To approach this problem, we studied the prevalence of HGV infection on patients with liver diseases in Japan by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using primers deduced from 5′-noncoding region. The positive rate of HGV RNA was 6.8% in all tested liver disease patients (45 of 663), while 1.4% (<span><math><mtext>2</mtext><mtext>145</mtext></math></span>) in healthy individuals. Among these patients, HGV RNA was detected in 6.9% (<span><math><mtext>4</mtext><mtext>58</mtext></math></span>) of acute hepatitis, 7% (<span><math><mtext>16</mtext><mtext>229</mtext></math></span>) of chronic hepatitis, 8.6% (<span><math><mtext>5</mtext><mtext>58</mtext></math></span>) of liver cirrhosis and 12.2% (<span><math><mtext>17</mtext><mtext>139</mtext></math></span>) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but few or none in non-viral liver diseases. HGV coinfection with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were present in 8.9 and 66.7% of these patients, respectively, while 22.2% of patients were positive for HGV alone. In 54 patients with acute hepatitis that is seronegative for hepatitis A-E, four of them (7.4%) were positive for HGV. Liver histology from a HCC patient infected with HGV alone revealed that lymphocytic infiltration of portal trcts in (69%) had not received blood transfusion. Nucleotide sequence analyses in four patients confirmed that these PCR products were derived from HGV genome sequences and 90% identical to those of HGV prototype from American patients, and 97% identical among Japanese isolates. These results indicate that generally 6.8% of Japanese patients with liver diseases had HGV infection and most of them was coinfected with HCV. This suggest that HGV might be related to liver diseases. The routes of transmission of HGV require clarification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":"6 5","pages":"Pages 239-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(97)00352-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86985798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effect of preS2-containing vaccine in an infant infected with a vaccine-escape variant (Thr) of hepatitis B virus","authors":"H. Noto, Y. Fujii, Kazuaki Takahashi, S. Kishimoto, S. Mishiro","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00343-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00343-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":"48 1","pages":"158-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76268033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sinusoidal endothelial cell and parenchymal cell injury during endotoxemia and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion: protection by the 21-aminosteroid tirilazad mesylate","authors":"Michael A. Fisher ,&nbsp;Robert R. Eversole ,&nbsp;Leonard J. Beuving ,&nbsp;Hartmut Jaeschke","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00337-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00337-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The early vascular injury in the liver was characterized in an experimental model of multiple organ failure (MOF). Significant increases of hyaluronic acid levels (660%) and plasma alanine aminotransferase activities (1050%) were observed after 20 min hepatic ischemia followed by 4 h reperfusion and injection of 0.5 mg/kg <em>Salmonella enteritidis</em> endotoxin at 30 min reperfusion. Morphological evaluation of sinusoids with transmission electron microscopy indicated neutrophil and Kupffer cell activation as well as damage or loss of sinusoidal endothelial cells. Hepatocellular injury was evident from fused microvilli and blebbed plasma membranes. Treatment with the 21-aminosteroid tirilazad mesylate (U-74006F) (2 × 3 mg/kg) reduced plasma hyaluronic acid levels by 61% and plasma transaminase activities by 69% suggesting a beneficial effect on sinusoidal endothelial cell and parenchymal cell injury. This was confirmed by morphology. Our data provide morphological and functional evidence for severe injury to sinusoidal endothelium and the vascular pole of hepatocytes in this model of MOF. U-74006F significantly protected the liver against this Kupffer cell- and neutrophil-mediated injury. Thus, U-74006F may be a promising therapeutic for liver dysfunction and failure during a local or systemic inflammatory response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00337-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80491245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis G virus/GB virus C infection in patients with chronic non-B, non-C hepatitis","authors":"Eiji Tanaka ,&nbsp;Kenjiro Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Uemura ,&nbsp;Masakazu Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Akihiro Iijima ,&nbsp;Kendo Kiyosawa ,&nbsp;Shintaro Yagi ,&nbsp;Akira Hasegawa","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00339-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00339-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new virus named hepatitis G virus or GB virus C (HGV/GBV-C) was recently identified as a causative agent for acute and chronic hepatitis. In this study, we tested HGV/eGBV-C RNA in serum in addition to hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA to study the causative agents involved in chronic non-B, non-C hepatitis. Of the 1089 patients with histological evidence of chronic viral hepatitis, 25 (2.3%) were negative for both hepatitis B surface antigen and second generation HCV antibody in serum. The 25 patients diagnosed as having chronic non-B, non-C hepatitis, were investigated in this study. HGV/GBV-C a RNA was detected by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using primers in 5′-untranslated, and the nonstructural (NS) 3 and NS5 regions. Of the 25 patients with chronic non-B, non-C hepatitis, four (16%) were positive for HGV/GBV-C RNA, only one (4%) was positive for HBV DNA, and none were positive for HCV RNA. Of the four patients with HGV/GBV-C RNA, two histologically had mild fibrosis, and the remaining two had cirrhosis. One patient with cirrhosis also had hepatocellular carcinoma, HBV DNA was positive in this patient. All three patients with only the HGV/GBV-C infection had a mild histological grade. In conclusion, HGV/GBV-C infection was involved in 16% of Japanese patients with chronic non-B, non-C hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis G seemed to exhibit mild hepatitis activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 137-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00339-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76353877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical study of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in acute liver injury induced by Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide in rats","authors":"Shin-ichiro Sato ,&nbsp;Tomoyuki Masuda ,&nbsp;Takashi Satoh ,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00347-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00347-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of intravenous injection of <em>Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)</em> and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the distribution of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in different organs have not previously been investigated. Immunohistochemistry and histological examination were employed in evaluating the distribution of TNF-α in the liver, spleen, lungs and bone marrow in rats injected intravenously with <em>P. acnes</em> followed by LPS 7 days later. Granulomas containing ED1-positive macrophages were observed in the liver 7 days after <em>P. acnes</em> injection. Subsequent LPS injection resulted in proliferation of ED1-positive macrophages in the sinusoids and coagulation necrosis of hepatocytes after 6 h. TNF-α was detected in ED2-positive macrophages (Kupffer cells) 1 day after <em>P. acnes</em> injection and in macrophages constituting the granulomas 7 days later, but prior to LPS injection. TNF-α was also detected in ED1-positive macrophages in the spleen, predominantly in the marginal zone. When granulomas were formed 7 days after <em>P. acnes</em> injection, TNF-α was observed in macrophages of the granulomas. TNF-α was also detected in macrophages of the granulomas found in the lung 1 day after <em>P. acnes</em> injection. No macrophages expressing TNF-α were found in the granulomas of bone marrow. The highest expression was in the liver at any time interval and in macrophages constituting granulomas. Our results suggest that the high expression of TNF-α in the liver results in selective hepatic necrosis. The expression of TNF-α in macrophages of the liver after <em>P. acnes</em> injection and the subsequent development of hepatic necrosis after LPS injection suggest that <em>P. acnes</em> acts as an inducer of TNF-α production in macrophages while LPS acts as a trigger for the release of TNF-α from macrophages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 179-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00347-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90749465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of organic anions on acyl chain composition of secreted biliary lecithin in rats: relation to hepatocellular vesicle pathway","authors":"Hiroyuki Miura,&nbsp;Susumu Tazuma,&nbsp;Hiroaki Miyake,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Kajihara,&nbsp;Naomichi Hirano,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Hattori,&nbsp;Denya Tsuchimoto,&nbsp;Tomoji Nishioka,&nbsp;Hideyuki Hyogo,&nbsp;Gunji Yamashita,&nbsp;Goro Kajiyama","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00348-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00348-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organic anions can uncouple bile salt secretion from the secretion of phospholipid and cholesterol. The uncoupling mechanism appears to be dependent on the type of anion present. To investigate the effect that different uncoupling mechanisms may have on the flow of bile and its composition, rats were depleted of bile salt pool by overnight biliary diversion and reinfused intravenously with sodium taurocholate (STC) at a constant rate (160 nmol/min per 100 g b.w.). After bile salt secretion had achieved a steady state, sulfobromophthalein (BSP) or papaverine was continuously administered at a rate of 100 nmol/min per 100 g b.w. with STC. During the intravenous infusion of BSP or papaverine, the output of biliary lecithin and cholesterol decreased without affecting bile salt output. The degree of fatty acyl chain saturation in biliary lecithin was increased by BSP infusion and decreased by papaverine infusion. The mechanism by which bile salt secretion is uncoupled from the secretion of phospholipid and cholesterol affects the acyl chain composition of secreted lecithin. The changes in composition of lecithin acyl chains may reflect the intervention by different anions at different points in the lipid transport pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 191-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)00348-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87112398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}