International Hepatology Communications最新文献

{"title":"Human liver mitochondrial RNA synthesized in isolated organelles","authors":"A. Pérez-Martos, A. Andreu, M. López-Pérez, J. Murio, S. Schwartz, J. Montoya","doi":"10.1016/0928-4346(96)00289-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0928-4346(96)00289-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87337690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B and C in Indonesia","authors":"S. Suwignyo","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82008-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82008-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82008-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72744407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroepidemiology of HBV and HCV in Bangladesh","authors":"Mobin Khan,&nbsp;N. Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82007-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82007-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Virus related liver diseases are important causes of morbidity in Bangladesh. We have reviewed the data of different authors to assess the magnitude of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in this country. HBV accounts for 35% acute viral hepatitis, 40.5% chronic liver disease, 36.5% hepatocellular carcinoma and 29.1% cases of post transfusion hepatitis. HCV accounts for 3.5% acute viral hepatitis, 24.1% chronic liver disease, 9.6% hepatocellular carcinoma and 6.8% cases of post transfusion hepatitis. Blood donors are not routinely screened for HBsAG except in a few selected centers. Twenty-nine percent of professional blood donors and 2.4% of voluntary blood donors are HBsAG carriers. Anti-HCV was found in 1.2% of professional blood donors and in no voluntary donors. HBsAG is positive in 7.5% of healthy adult jobseekers. In our series of acute viral hepatitis, there was no history suggestive of parenteral route of infection in 60% cases of HBV and 54% cases of HCV. In conclusion, HBV is the main aetiological factor for chronic liver disease in Bangladesh.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82007-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91013271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood screening to prevent post-transfusion hepatitis in Japan: effective for prevention as well as revealing for epidemiology of HBV and HCV infection in healthy subjects","authors":"Hiroshi Yoshizawa","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82014-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82014-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since 1968, when blood transfusion in Japan became dependent solely on voluntary blood donors and not on paid donors, Japanese Red Cross Blood Centers have successively introduced the most effective blood screening system for the time. Eventually, the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis in Japan has been decreased to as low as 0.2–0.3% after 1992. In addition, as a result of the blood screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in more than seven million donors a year, we are getting ever increasing data on epidemiology of HBV and HCV infection among apparently healthy subjects in Japan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82014-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79911703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and HCC in Italy","authors":"Antonio Craxi,&nbsp;L.Mario Valenza","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82004-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82004-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82004-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74149913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Country report of: Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B and C in Thailand in related to chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present state of blood transfusion service to prevent the B and C infection. The vaccination program in newborns","authors":"Termchai Chainuvati","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82009-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82009-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82009-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84848207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroepidemiology of HBV and HCV in India. Strategy for control of maternal transmission of HBV and its effect. Screening methods of blood donors for control of post-transfusion hepatitis and their effects","authors":"B.N. Tandon ,&nbsp;S.K. Acharya ,&nbsp;Anurag Tandon","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82005-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82005-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The HBV prevalence rate in India is 2–8 percent with an approximate carrier pool of 36 million. India being a large country, the HBV carrier and infection rate varies in different regions of the country. HBV prevalence is highest in South India (5.5%). The high risk population for HBV carrier state as well as for HBV infection includes professional blood donors (10–11%), patients undergoing hoemodialysis (65.8%), residential population of orphanage (15.3%), and parenteral drug abusers (8.5%). Medical and paramedical personnel dealing with dental surgery, and truck drivers in North India also carry a higher HBV prevalence. Vertical or perinatal transmission of HBV in India, unlike in South-East Asia, is infrequent due to a low HBeAg positivety rate (7.8%) among pregnant females with HBV infection. On the other hand, horizontal transmission in early childhood due to crowded and unhygienic living conditions is the major role of spread for HBV infection in India. Amongst adults, transfusion of blood collected from professional blood donors constitutes another important mode of HBV transmission. HBV is an important cause of liver disease in India and is responsible for 42% of acute hepatitis, 33% of acute liver failure, 34% of subacute liver failure, 68% of chronic hepatitis, 80% of cirrhosis and 61% of Hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV related liver disease is infrequent and anti HCV antibody positivity rates are low in the general population (0.9%). HCV antibody positivity in patients with chronic liver disease is approximately 13%. At present there is no national strategy for HBV prevention in India and motivated clinicians are making individual efforts to promote HBV immunization. Post transfusion hepatitis related to professional blood use continues to be an important cause of HBV and HCV related liver disease in India. Screening of blood for HBsAg and anti HCV antibody needs to be widely practised to control the frequency of transfusion related liver disease in India.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82005-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90939920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroepidemiology of HBV/HCV in Pakistan","authors":"Sarwar J. Zuberi","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82006-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82006-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pakistan is an endemic country for all types of human hepatitis viruses. Their geographical prevalence depends on the ethnicity of population in various areas and their cultural and religious practices. Major etiological factors are faulty injection/transfusion practices, quackery and bad hygienic habits. This paper presents cumulative data of HBV/HCV in various groups. Viral markers in all studies were done using EIA technique.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82006-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87143858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for prevention of viral hepatitis in the United States","authors":"Paul V. Holland","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82003-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82003-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States reveals that injection IV drug use remains the most important risk factor for both HBV and HCV. Despite availability of the HBV vaccine, there was a subsequent 37% increase in cases of HBV infection. To prevent perinatal spread of HBV, the initial approach was to vaccinate only mothers at increased risk of carrying HBV. As this strategy failed, the approach has been changed to universal vaccination of all newborn infants with HBV vaccine, plus those entering their teenage years. It is hoped that this dual approach will enable better control of HBV by eliminating the majority of individuals from being at risk. Several approaches to reducing the incidence of transfusion-associated hepatitis have had a significant effect in reducing this risk. Careful screening of volunteer (unpaid) donors, implementation of surrogate tests for non-A, non-B hepatitis (ALT and anti-HBc), measures to decrease the risk of transfusion-associated AIDS, and especially the current use of a second generation anti-HCV test have all combined to reduce dramatically the risk of transfusion-associated hepatitis today. Current estimates reveal that the risk of HBV transmission by transfusions is on the order of 1 per 50 000 units and for HCV, as low as 1 per 62 000 units. The little ‘transfusion-associated hepatitis’ which remains appears largely to be due to non-transfusion related acquisition of HBV and HCV in patients who are incidentally receiving transfusions as part of their medical or surgical therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82003-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74846144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections in the general Chinese population. Results from a nationwide cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E virus infections in China, 1992","authors":"Guo-Liang Xia ,&nbsp;Chong-Bai Liu ,&nbsp;Hui-Lin Cao ,&nbsp;Sheng-Li Bi ,&nbsp;Mei-Yun Zhan ,&nbsp;Chong-Ao Su ,&nbsp;Jun-Hua Nan ,&nbsp;Xiao-Qui Qi","doi":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82012-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82012-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem in China and has a substantial impact on the health of people. To understand the distribution of hepatitis virus infection in the general Chinese population and provide basis for developing and evaluating preventive procedures and public health practices on viral hepatitis control, a nationwide cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis virus infections was carried out in China, 1992. Using two-stage cluster sampling, a total of 68 000 subjects were studied, aged 1–59 years, covering all 145 national disease surveillance points of 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. Serum specimens were assayed using commercial reagents. Tested markers include HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, HBeAg and anti-HCV. The overall prevalence of HBsAg carrier was 9.75% of 61 702 subjects studied (range 4.49–17.85%) in 30 provinces of China. The rate in the 1–4 age group was as high as the overall rate. There were higher rates in both the 10–14 and 30–34 age groups, and lower in the 50–59 age group. There were considerable variations in the prevalence of HBsAg carrier in different regions and sex in China, with the highest rate being in middle south and lower rates in north China. The overall prevalence of HBV infection, anti-HBc and anti-HBs were 57.63%, 49.81% and 27.42%, respectively; increasing significantly with age from 38.47%, 30.08% and 15.75% in the 1–4 age group to 70.69%, 61.77% and 32.42% in 50–59 age group, respectively. The overall prevalence of HBeAg was 31.94% among HBsAg carriers. The overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 3.2% of 66975 subjects studied (range 0.9–5.1%) among 30 provinces of China, increasing significantly with age from 2.08% in the 1–4 age group to 3.96% in the 50–59 age group. There was no difference in the rate of anti-HCV by sex and living district. However, there were significant difference in rates of anti-HCV in different geographical areas and administrative divisions in China, with the highest rates being in the northeast of China. These results indicate that hepatitis B and C are hyperendemic in China. According to characteristics of distribution among age, sex and regions, we suggest that the main modes of transmission of the two virus are probably different in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13746,"journal":{"name":"International Hepatology Communications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0928-4346(96)82012-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83517518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}