{"title":"Synthesis of casein-grafted-poly(sodium acrylate) from waste milk: A sustainable adhesive for wood binding","authors":"Nipun Tirkey , Tanisha Bhoutika , Smita Singh , Gautam Sen , Sumit Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The modification and utilisation of a byproduct of waste milk, casein (CAS), in wood binding adhesive promotes sustainability and biodegradability and contributes to the transition from a petroleum-based to a bio-based and circular economy. CAS was grafted with sodium acrylate (SA), leading to the synthesis of a novel graft copolymer – (CAS-g-PSA). The optimised percentage grafting of the synthesised graft-copolymer was 1946 %. Standard physicochemical techniques were used for the characterization of the CAS-g-PSA, including FTIR, XRD, TGA, FESEM and intrinsic viscosity. The adhesion strength of grafted protein was studied through failure shear stress analysis using the UTM (Universal Testing Machine) for the cured lap joint. The best grade of the CAS-g-PSA exhibited a failure shear stress of 10.35 MPa, a medium-strength adhesive, outperforming many other reported bio-based adhesives and commercial adhesive (CA-1, 4.17 MPa). The failure shear stress was in synergism with the percentage grafting by an empirical relation <em>y = C</em> <em>+</em> <em>B</em><sub><em>1</em></sub><em>X</em><sup><em>1</em></sup> <em>+ B</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>X</em><sup><em>2</em></sup>. It exhibited higher thermal stability of 500 °C, compared to CAS. Further, the debonding behaviour of CAS-g-PSA was investigated according to self-separation time in aqueous medium, thereby enabling the recovery and reuse of the wood substrate without inducing any damage. Moreover, molecular-level programmability of the adhesive can be achieved by adjusting the percentage grafting (% Grafting). The above-mentioned characteristics of CAS-derived water-soluble adhesive approve its applicability for interior grade wood products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Greener synthesis of heat-seal adhesives for paper packaging","authors":"Simran Achrekar, S.T. Mhaske","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing bio-based, high-performance coatings for food-grade paper packaging has become a key focus in modern materials research. This study investigates the utilization of renewable raw material-starch for greener synthesis of heat-seal adhesives for paper substrates. Enzyme-hydrolyzed corn starch was graft copolymerized with acrylate monomers through a two-stage free-radical process, followed by emulsion formulation with carnauba wax and a crosslinker. The emulsions were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Particle size, and Zeta potential analyses. Results showed that 25 wt% starch provided optimum adhesion with seal strength ≥0.4 N/mm, while 10 wt% starch yielded higher hot tack (>5.0 N) and KIT values between 9 and 11. Variations in starch content (10–50 wt%) and the monomer glass transition temperature range (−35 to 60 °C) significantly influenced the heat-sealability of the resulting starch copolymers. Incorporating starch significantly improved biodegradability, with BOD<sub>5</sub>/COD ratios increasing from 0.055 for pure acrylic to 0.62–0.63 for starch-based copolymers, demonstrating effective environmental compatibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Chillavert Dias Pascoal , Maria Clara Ayres Estellita , Israel Simon Andrade Costa , Júlia Vitória de Souza Girão , Letícia Araújo dos Santos , Talita Arrais Daniel Mendes , Sérgio Lima Santiago , Juliano Sartori Mendonça
{"title":"Enhancing resin-dentin bond longevity using caddisfly-inspired pretreatments","authors":"Samuel Chillavert Dias Pascoal , Maria Clara Ayres Estellita , Israel Simon Andrade Costa , Júlia Vitória de Souza Girão , Letícia Araújo dos Santos , Talita Arrais Daniel Mendes , Sérgio Lima Santiago , Juliano Sartori Mendonça","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the dentin surface modification potential and bond strength to dentin of caddisfly-inspired pretreatments. <u>Methods</u>: The dependent variables included modulus of elasticity (ME), quantitatively assessed by a 3-point flexural test (n = 15), mass change (MC), and biodegradation rates (R%) (n = 15) using a precision scale, chemical analysis by Fourier's transformed infrared spectroscopy (n = 3), and microtensile bond strength (n = 10) (μTBS) of a universal adhesive in self-etch mode performed using a universal testing machine. Interfacial analyses of nanoleakage (n = 3) by scanning electron microscopy and micropermeability (n = 3) through confocal microscopy were also performed. The independent variables were pretreatments of three concentrations of L-L-phosphoserine at 1 mmol/L (pSer1), 5 mmol/L (pSer5), and 10 mmol/L (pSer10), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine at 5 mmol/L (DOPA5), grape seed extract at 6.5 % (GSE6.5), and distilled water (DW), for which all evaluations were performed immediately and after 6 months of water storage. <u>Results:</u> Both pSer10 and GSE groups showed positive mass change values. DOPA maintained volumetric integrity against bacterial and hydrolytic degradation. Regarding FTIR, pSer10 group exhibited the highest peaks for amides I, II and III, phosphate, carbonate, and water. Concerning μTBS, all groups showed stable bond strength after 6 months of storage, with the exception of pSer10, whereas pSer1 and pSer5 were similar to GSE6.5. <u>Significance:</u> l-pL-phosphoserine pretreatments at 1 and 5 mM may promote bond stability to dentin, presenting adhesive interface integrity to universal adhesives in self-etch mode. Although the 10 mM concentration shows relevant chemical absorbance peaks, its bioactivity with demineralized collagen remains questionable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenjing Zhao , Libin Duan , Weilai Tao , Xing Liu , Chengji Rong , Haiyang Zheng , Debiao Lu
{"title":"Experimental investigation on the multi-failure coupling strength mechanism of the hybrid Steel/GFRP adhesive joint","authors":"Wenjing Zhao , Libin Duan , Weilai Tao , Xing Liu , Chengji Rong , Haiyang Zheng , Debiao Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The damage of a bi-material adhesive joint generally involves multiple failure modes, such as the fracture in the adhesive layer and the delamination on the different interfaces. The different combinations of these multiple failure modes generate various macro strengths of the adhesive joint, so the common strength criterion with an assumed single mode is normally limited to predict the damage. Therefore, it's necessary to present test and fracture strength identification methods for all possible failure modes in the adhesive joint. In this work, two kinds of materials – uniform thickness steel plates (UT) and orthogonal woven glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) were used to prepare three types of single-lap shear specimens – UT/UT, GFRP/GFRP and UT/GFRP. With these specimens, firstly, the double-side gluing was found to have higher strength than that of the single-side gluing in both UT/UT and GFRP/GFRP specimens. Secondly, with different pre-crack positions, in total three kinds of failure modes in these adhesive joints have been activated and identified, which are the interface failure on the steel (strength: 21.0 MPa), the adhesive failure (strength: 16.0 MPa) and the interface failure on the GFRP (strength: 10.7 MPa). Finally, it is found that the macro shear strength of the hybrid UT/GFRP adhesive joint could be estimated by the sum of the independent shear strengths of each happened failure multiplied by their corresponding area percentages, which is the quantitative multi-failure coupling strength mechanism of the hybrid Steel/GFRP adhesive joint. This coupling mechanism would be applied for precisely predicting the strength of the bi-material adhesive joint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karina Felix Santos , Renan Vinícius Granzotto Pinheiro , Raul Santos da Silva , Carlos Eduardo Francci , Lucas Hian da Silva , Paulo Francisco Cesar
{"title":"Effect of delivery mode on bond strength of a self-adhesive resin cement","authors":"Karina Felix Santos , Renan Vinícius Granzotto Pinheiro , Raul Santos da Silva , Carlos Eduardo Francci , Lucas Hian da Silva , Paulo Francisco Cesar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effect of different delivery modes of a self-adhesive resin cement on bond strength to dentin and first-generation zirconia (3Y-TZP). Six experimental groups were established according to the delivery mode used for manipulating the resin cement: a) HT, self-mixing with a helical tip; b) TT-MC, self-mixing with a T-mixer tip; c) TT-MIO, self-mixing with a T-mixer tip associated with a plastic intraoral tip; d) TT-FN, self-mixing with a T-mixer tip associated with a metal intraoral tip; e) PH-MIO, self-mixing with a helical tip associated with a plastic intraoral tip; and f) Manual (control), hand mixing on a mixing block with a metal spatula. 3Y-TZP blocks (6 × 6 × 3 mm; n = 120) and dentin blocks (4-mm thickness; n = 120) were prepared, and four tubes (0.76 mm in diameter and 1 mm in height) filled with resin cement manipulated according to each delivery mode were bonded to each substrate. Microshear bond strength was tested at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min after 24 h and 1 month of water storage. Failure modes were evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Bond strength data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA to assess the effects of delivery mode and storage time. Failure mode distribution was evaluated using the chi-square test. For dentin, delivery mode did not influence bond strength after 24 h. After 1 month of storage, the HT group (4.2 ± 2.6 MPa) showed significantly higher bond strength than the Manual group (0.6 ± 0.5 MPa). Except for HT and Manual, storage time did not affect bond strength values for the other delivery modes. For the ceramic substrate (3Y-TZP), after 24 h the TT-FN group (7.5 ± 1.8 MPa) showed significantly higher bond strength than the group without an accessory tip, TT-MC (4.4 ± 1.7 MPa). After 1 month, storage time significantly affected bond strength for the HT (3.8 ± 1.5 MPa) and TT-FN (4.5 ± 2.6 MPa) groups. Both delivery mode and storage time influenced the bonding performance of the self-adhesive resin cement in a substrate-dependent manner. In general, automated mixing improved long-term bond strength, particularly to dentin, highlighting the importance of selecting an appropriate delivery system for durable adhesion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ralf Frenzel , Astrid Drechsler , Frank Simon , Alla Synytska , Cordelia Zimmerer
{"title":"Decomposition of adhesive thin polydopamine films by alkaline solutions: influence on nano-topography and zeta potential","authors":"Ralf Frenzel , Astrid Drechsler , Frank Simon , Alla Synytska , Cordelia Zimmerer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thin films of auto-oxidized dopamine, the so-called polydopamine (PDA), have been introduced as universal bio-inspired “green” adhesion promoter for a variety of applications. This study investigates the effect of different alkaline solutions on PDA films on polyethylene fibers over a time ranging from 1 h to 67 days. On one hand, this supports the application of adhesive PDA films in alkaline media such as cementitious matrices. On the other hand, a controlled chemical decomposition or degradation can be used to reverse adhesion and separate the components of PDA-mediated composite materials for re-use and recycling. The effect of the surface modification and the alkaline treatments was studied using atomic force microscopy, electrokinetic measurements, and spectroscopic techniques. Depending on the composition of the alkaline solution, a progressive dissolution or depolymerization of PDA aggregates was observed. Zeta potential measurements detected, however, acidic groups on the fiber surface even after alkaline treatment for 67 days, indicating that the PDA film was not fully removed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable antimicrobial nanocomposite coatings with enhanced durability for outdoor construction materials","authors":"Erasmo Gámez-Espinosa , Cecilia Deyá , Natalia Bellotti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The biodeterioration of construction materials compromises their durability and increases maintenance costs. This study evaluates the long-term antimicrobial performance and structural stability of water-based nanocomposite coatings incorporating functionalized nanomaterials obtained by green synthesis. These nanocomposite coatings, consisting of a polymeric matrix reinforced with tannin-derived silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), were applied to ceramic materials and exposed to natural weathering for 2.5 years. Characterization results showed adequate hiding power, drying time and wet-scrub resistance exceeding 4000 cycles, with the nanostructured formulation (PQ) exhibiting superior dispersion (30–40 μm) compared to the control paint (80–90 μm). The results show that PQ markedly reduced microbial growth (rating 1 vs. 4 for the control, ASTM D5590), while preserving chemical stability and integrity over time. Importantly, this work provides the first evidence of the long-term outdoor performance of exterior paints functionalized with AgNPs synthesized from <em>Schinopsis balansae</em> tannin. These findings highlight the potential of tannin-derived nanomaterials as sustainable additives in advanced protective nanocomposite coatings, contributing to enhanced durability, structural integrity and reduced maintenance of construction materials in outdoor environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enzymatic pretreatment synergistic covalent-ionic-hydrogen bonding triple network construction of water- and mold-resistant soy protein adhesives","authors":"Yamin Wei, Chunwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, soy protein-based adhesives have a broad application prospect in replacing aldehyde resin adhesives in the manufacture of artificial boards. To overcome the problems of low bond strength, poor water resistance and susceptibility to mold and mildew of soy protein-based adhesives, the present study proposes an enzyme-modified and epoxy cross-linking-modified synergistic metal-ligand strategy: on the basis of the co-mingling of the enzymatic digestion of soybean isolate proteins and poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (covalent bonding), the introduction of tannic acid (hydrogen bonding/covalent cross-linking) and Cu<sup>2+</sup> (ionic coordination bonding) to construct a multiple dynamic cross-linking network. Experimental results indicate that under the triple cross-linked network, the adhesive exhibits a 131.03 % increase in wet shear strength compared to the original adhesive, a 36.8 % reduction in moisture absorption rate, a 39.8 % improvement in residual rate, extended enzyme resistance to over 15 days, and the thermal stability is greatly improved. This multi-bond synergistic mechanism breaks the performance bottleneck of traditional single cross-linking system, and provides a new way for the preparation of high-strength and high-performance bio-based soy protein adhesive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matheus Orlandi Pessoa , Jorgimara de Oliveira Braga , Sérgio Leonardo Butski Soares Santos , Brunela Pereira da Silva , Vera Rosa Capelossi , Fernando Cotting
{"title":"Evaluation of the anticorrosive effectiveness of an epoxy coating applied to galvanized steel treated with a silane hybrid film incorporating a natural corrosion inhibitor","authors":"Matheus Orlandi Pessoa , Jorgimara de Oliveira Braga , Sérgio Leonardo Butski Soares Santos , Brunela Pereira da Silva , Vera Rosa Capelossi , Fernando Cotting","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of an organic coating based on epoxy resin applied to the surface of galvanized steel that was pre-treated with the hybrid silane film (TEOS + GPTMS) incorporated with garlic peel powder (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.). Corrosion resistance was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization in NaCl 3.5 wt %. The cross-section SEM images revealed the adhesion of the substrate/coating and silane/epoxy interfaces. Test results indicated that the film modified with the natural inhibitor improved anticorrosive properties compared to the film without silane or natural green inhibitors. It can be concluded in EIS measurements that the complete pretrearment applied to grinded exhibits after 90 days of immersion the highest impedance modulus in the low-frequency region (|Z|<sub>0.01</sub>Hz = 4.18 × 10<sup>9</sup> Ω cm<sup>2</sup>). Similarly, the results after the immersion of pull-off adhesion tests was impaired when complete pretreatment was not used (0.15 MPa), which is a positive result for the future application of coatings with complete pretreatment based on this silane + natural corrosion inhibitor approach (0.60 MPa).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pia Solt-Rindler , Hendrikus W.G. van Herwijnen , Roland Mitter , Johannes Konnerth
{"title":"Influence of wood species and pine extractives on the curing behaviour of pMDI","authors":"Pia Solt-Rindler , Hendrikus W.G. van Herwijnen , Roland Mitter , Johannes Konnerth","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of wood species, moisture content, and pine extractives on the curing behaviour and bond strength development of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) adhesives. Veneers of pine, spruce, birch, and beech were bonded with pMDI under controlled moisture conditions (8 %, 12 %, 16 %) and varying press pressures (1.5 and 2.7 N/mm<sup>2</sup>) to evaluate species-specific bonding behaviour using an adapted tensile shear strength test setup. Pine exhibited superior bond strength and rapid curing, attributed to both its anatomical features and the presence of abietane-type resin acids. Gas chromatography analysis confirmed the dominance of reactive diterpenoids, particularly abietic and neoabietic acid, in pine extractives. The removal of these compounds significantly reduced bond strength, while their reapplication to other species, notably beech, substantially improved bonding performance. The results suggest that certain extractives may contribute positively to pMDI bonding under specific conditions, expanding the understanding of their role in adhesive interactions. These insights may inform improved bonding strategies and the development of more efficient, formaldehyde-free wood composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}