I. A. Ghanem, N. Awad, A. Hussein, Ahmed A. M. Lelwa
{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of Infectious Bronchitis Viruses Currently Circulating in the Egyptian Field","authors":"I. A. Ghanem, N. Awad, A. Hussein, Ahmed A. M. Lelwa","doi":"10.21608/zvjz.2019.16318.1075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.16318.1075","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major problems of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the frequent emergence of new variants in the Egyptian field. In the present study, 42 broiler chicken flocks suffered from respiratory troubles were investigated for infectious bronchitis virus in 10 Governorates in Egypt during 2016-2018. Ten out of 42 examined flocks revealed variable degrees of embryo lesions after 3-5 passages with negative heamagglutination (HA) activity. From these 10 flocks, IBV was confirmed in six flocks using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Four IBV-positive isolates were selected for further sequence analysis. Partial sequencing of S1 gene revealed four IBV variant-2 isolates circulating among chickens in Egypt. These isolates are IB-Beh-Ch-F2-2016, IB-Sh-Ch-F25-2017, IB-Sh-Ch-F41-2018 and IB-Sh-Ch-F42-2018 and submitted on Gen Bank with accession numbers MH460643, MH460644, MK408615 and MK408616, respectively. The IB-Sh-Ch-F25-2017 isolate had only one amino acid substitution while IB-Beh-Ch-F2-2016, IB-Sh-Ch-F41-2018 and IB-Sh-Ch-F42-2018 isolates had much higher genetic diversity. The similarity between classic viruses of vaccine origin used in Egypt (H120, Ma5) and our four filed isolates ranged between 75.7 and 80.4%. It could be concluded that IB variant-2 strains still circulate in the Egyptian field in spite of vaccination. Therefore we need to revise the IBV vaccines used in Egypt and try to prepare local vaccines with periodic evaluation of cross protection of such vaccines.","PeriodicalId":137314,"journal":{"name":"Zagazig Veterinary Journal","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124363494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Residues of Diclofenac Sodium in Rabbit Tissues","authors":"G. Shams, Nagah E. Mohamed, E. Mobarez, S. Wahab","doi":"10.21608/zvjz.2019.13635.1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.13635.1048","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to determine residues of diclofenac in different rabbit tissues (liver, muscles, kidneys, spleen, heart , lungs) and serum following intramuscular injection of diclofenac. Tissues were extracted and diclofenac residues were assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of twenty healthy male New Zealand White rabbits were classified into two groups; the first group (n=15) was injected with diclofenac for four successive days at dose 1.5mg/kg twice daily , while the second group (n=5) untreated (control). and then samples were collected on the 1st day , 3rd day, 5thday and 7th day. Diclofenac remained within the detectable limit till the 3rd day in most tested tissues, while in muscle and kidney remained till the 5th day following the last dose of drug administration . Therefore, It can be concluded that rabbit muscles and kidney could be consumed safely after the 5th day post treatment with that dose, while, rabbit liver could be consumed safely after the 3rd day post treatment with that dose without any hazards on consumers according to established recommended MRL.","PeriodicalId":137314,"journal":{"name":"Zagazig Veterinary Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122044408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Lettuce, Marjoram and Cumin Essential Oils on the Quality and Shelf Life of Minced Meat during Refrigerated Storage","authors":"A. A. Mahmoud","doi":"10.21608/zvjz.2019.13680.1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.13680.1047","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils (EOs) can improve the shelf life of foods due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in addition to being natural flavoring agents. Nonetheless, very little EOs approaches depending on EOs utilization have been introduced by the food industry until now. In this study, the effect of certain EOs such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum) at a concentration (2%) on the chemical, bacterial quality and sensory properties of minced meat was investigated, as well as their capacity to extend the shelf life of minced meat during cold storage at 4°C for 12 days. The obtained results showed that oil-treated samples indicated significantly lowering values (p<0.05) for chemical, bacterial assessment, and improving sensory properties than untreated (control) ones. In addition, cumin and marjoram EOs had the greatest impact followed by lettuce oil. Therefore, the studied EOs could be used as an alternative option to synthetic chemical substances to eliminate the spoilage bacteria, prevent lipid oxidation, and consequently extend the shelf life of minced meat.","PeriodicalId":137314,"journal":{"name":"Zagazig Veterinary Journal","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126165982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Occurrence and Characterization of Listeria Species Isolated from Processed Meat in Qena, Egypt","authors":"H. Mahmoud, M. Karmi, M. Maky","doi":"10.21608/zvjz.2019.13161.1044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.13161.1044","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this work were isolation, elucidation the antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of Listeria spp from meat products distributed in Qena Governorate, Egypt during years 2017 -2018. A total of 120 samples of raw meat products were collected from different retail outlets in Qena Governorate, Egypt and examined for the contamination with Listeria spp. The examined meat products were minced meat, kofta, sausage, burger, luncheon and pasterma and the prevalence of listeria monocytogenes was 15%, 20%, 10%, 15%, 10%, 5%, respectively. Moreover, other Listeria species were isolated and identified in a total percentage from the above mentioned meat products; Listeria ivanovii (10.8%), L. welshimeri (6.6%), L. innocua (10.8%), L. seeligeri (4.1%) and L. grayi (1.6%). Antibiogram assay detected multi-dug resistances among L. monocytogenes. All the isolates were resistant to neomycin and streptomycin, meanwhile, most of the isolates showed sensitivity against ampicillin. Furthermore, L. monocytogenes was molecularly characterized by multiplex PCR for detection of iap, hylA and actA virulence genes. The iap gene was detected in all L. monocytogenes. It could be concluded that processed meat products purchased in Qena Governorate harbored L. monocytogenes and other Listeria species. This in turn constitute a risk of transmission of infection to human consumer with the antibiotic resistant listeria spp. That gives rise to failure of treatment programs. High contamination level of meat substantiates enforcing Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) program during processing, handling and storage of meat products.","PeriodicalId":137314,"journal":{"name":"Zagazig Veterinary Journal","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132569011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hashem, Ibtisam El-Dein, Shimaa Nabil Abd ELgelil
{"title":"Clinicopathological Studies on the Ameliorative Effects of Selenium and Vitamin E against Cadmium Toxicity in Chickens","authors":"M. Hashem, Ibtisam El-Dein, Shimaa Nabil Abd ELgelil","doi":"10.21608/zvjz.2019.13192.1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.13192.1045","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most dangerous environmental bioaccumulative heavy metals that concern a vital interest due to its injurious to animal and public health. An experimental trial was conducted for six weeks to evaluate the protective effect of selenium and /or vitamin E against the adverse effect of cadmium. One hundred and five, one day old broiler chicks were divided into five random groups. Group1 (negative control) was fed on basal diet; Group 2 was supplemented with 100 mg of cadmium /kg diet; Group 3 was supplied with 0.5 mg/kg diet of selenium; Group 4 was fed on 100 mg/kg diet of vitamin E and Group 5 was supplemented with Cd, Se and vitamin E combinations. The results revealed that cadmium group showed a highly significant increase in serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) (36±1.1and 220±3.53, respectively) activities, serum uric acid and creatinine (25.68±1.01 and 4.38±0.15, respectively) and a significant decrease in serum total proteins, albumin and globulins values (2.34±0.09, 1.14±0.05 and1.20±0.05, respectively) particularly at the end of the sixth week in comparable to the control group. In addition, a significant increase in serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) (3.9±0.09 and 51.33±0.88, respectively), a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) values (0.05±0.005) associated with a significant reduction in interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 10 (IL10) (1.8±0.30 and 7.4±0.43, respectively) values were reported specially at the end of the sixth week compared with the control group. Overall, our results showed an improvement in groups supplied with either Se or vitamin E when compared with cadmium group. In conclusion, supplementation of selenium or vitamin E alone didn’t recover the depressive effect of Cd but their combination could improve its deleterious effect due to their antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":137314,"journal":{"name":"Zagazig Veterinary Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123880177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noura E. Attia, Eslam Eisa, Shimaa A. Ezzeldein, M. A. E. Raouf, Yasmin H. Bayoumi, A. Morsi, N. M. Elseddawy
{"title":"Suppurative Injection Site lesion In Cattle: Clinico-biochemical, Ultrasonographic and histopathological examinations","authors":"Noura E. Attia, Eslam Eisa, Shimaa A. Ezzeldein, M. A. E. Raouf, Yasmin H. Bayoumi, A. Morsi, N. M. Elseddawy","doi":"10.21608/zvjz.2019.15419.1064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.15419.1064","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out on a total of 40 animals (13 female cows, 14 cow bull and 13 cow calves of both sexes) with an age ranged from 1- 5 years. Animals were admitted to Zagazig Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt with a history of injection site lesions. A history of injection at the site lesion was noted with swelling ranging from 5 to 15 cm in diameter, others were showing fluctuating swelling. Various clinical signs as abnormality in gait, painful condition on thigh, gluteal and neck muscle were recorded with respect to the site of lesion. Diagnosis was based on history, Clinico-biochemical findings, needle aspiration, ultrasound and histopathology of biopsy samples. Upon diagnosis, animals were classified into three groups; group I (Control group, n= 10), group II (Muscular abscess group, n= 17), and group III (Suppurative myositis group n= 13). Hematological findings revealed mild anemia, leucocytosis and neutrophilia in muscular abscess and suppurative myositis groups, while biochemical findings included hyperglobulinemia, elevation of serum muscular enzymes; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as well as a significant increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen in both diseased groups in comparison to control group. Results of ultrasonographic examination in muscular abscesses group revealed homogenous echogenic content surrounded with hyperechoic capsule which is embedded in the muscle and an increase in the echogenicty of the muscle in suppurative myositis group. Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimen from the affected muscle revealed fibrinopurunlent inflammation with aggregation of dead and live neutrophils, hyaline degeneration of muscle and muscle edema. In conclusion, ultrasonography provides an accurate, non-invasive and fast technique for diagnosis injection site lesions. In addition CRP and fibrinogen values in association with total white cell count were very useful in the diagnosis and prognosis.","PeriodicalId":137314,"journal":{"name":"Zagazig Veterinary Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129187809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. K. Hassan, Lames Mohammed, M. A. Elmoneim, A. A. El-Baky
{"title":"Hepatic and Renal Protective Effects of Annona muricata Leaf and Fruit Extracts on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Mice","authors":"A. K. Hassan, Lames Mohammed, M. A. Elmoneim, A. A. El-Baky","doi":"10.21608/zvjz.2019.12593.1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.12593.1040","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is a complicated disease incorporating many factors and causes which could be environmental, metabolic disorder, chemical, and genetic alteration. Many of the already used anticancer therapies are derivatives of natural sources including herbs. The current study was designed to assess the antitumor activity of Egyptian Annona muricata against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in albino mice which induced by intraperitoneal injection with EAC cells (2×106 cells/mouse). Eighty-eight female adult albino mice were utilized in the beginning of the current study and were separated into five groups, normal control, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, fruit extract (200 mg/kg), leaf extract (200 mg/kg), and cisplatin (2 mg/kg) treated groups for nine successive days after 48 hours of pre-injection with EAC cells. Viability of tumor ascites cells, the volume of ascites fluid, and EAC cell count were significantly decreased after daily treatment with both extracts. Hematological parameters were enhanced, liver enzymes and creatinine regain their normal values. Oxidative stress was dimensioned via decreasing of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Antioxidant activity was enhanced through the increasing of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Histopathologically, residual tumor growth on the outer surface of the liver and kidney were markedly reduced without infiltration onto the tissues. Inflammation of tissues was inhibited and tissue architecture was ameliorated. In conclusion, Annona extracts could have anticancer activity and antioxidant properties which could be useful in dimensioning cancer progression and improves organs protection.","PeriodicalId":137314,"journal":{"name":"Zagazig Veterinary Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129814470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. El-Naenaeey, A. M. Abdel-Wahab, A. Merwad, Hadeer M. A. Abdou
{"title":"Prevalence of Listeria Species in Dairy Cows and Pregnant Women with Reference to Virulotyping of Listeria monocytogenes in Egypt","authors":"E. El-Naenaeey, A. M. Abdel-Wahab, A. Merwad, Hadeer M. A. Abdou","doi":"10.21608/zvjz.2019.12896.1042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2019.12896.1042","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Listeria spp. in milk and feces of dairy cows as well as stool of pregnant women in Sharkia and Dakahlia Governorates, Egypt. Three hundred and fifty samples including; normal raw milk (n=200), mastitis milk (n=50), feces of dairy cattle (n=50) and stool of pregnant women (n=50) were randomly collected. Listeria spp. were isolated on Oxford agar and then subjected to biochemical and molecular identification. The overall isolation rate of Listeria spp. was 16%. The prevalence rates of Listeria monocytogenes were 8%, 4%, 2% and 4% in feces of dairy cows, normal milk, mastitis milk and stool of pregnant women, respectively. The prevalence of L. ivanovii and L. welshimeri in milk of dairy cows were 6% and 4%, respectively. L. monocytogenes isolates were molecularly confirmed to the species level by amplification of 16S rRNA gene. The distribution of internalin A (inlA) and internalin B (inlB) was determined in 15 identified L. monocytogenes isolates. The overall prevalence of inlA gene and inlB gene in L. monocytogenes isolates from different sources were 80% and 40%, respectively. Two L. monocytogenes isolates from normal raw milk and feces of dairy cows didn’t harbor both inlA and inlB genes. Listeria spp. isolated from normal milk, feces, mastitis milk and stool of pregnant women, potentially can cause human illness and abortion in pregnant women. Internalin (A&B) genes are considered the best indicator for virulence determination of L. monocytogenes isolated from different sources.","PeriodicalId":137314,"journal":{"name":"Zagazig Veterinary Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122728063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Al-baqir, A. Hussein, I. A. Ghanem, M. Megahed
{"title":"Characterization of Paratyphoid Salmonellae Isolated from Broiler Chickens at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt","authors":"Ahmed Al-baqir, A. Hussein, I. A. Ghanem, M. Megahed","doi":"10.21608/ZVJZ.2019.10544.1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZVJZ.2019.10544.1028","url":null,"abstract":"Paratyphoid Salmonella has emerged as a global problem for humans and poultry.Therefore, in this study we investigated the occurrence, serological, antimicrobial and molecular characteristics of paratyphoid Salmonella isolated from chicken flocks at Sharkia Governorate during 2015-2016. The prevalence of paratyphoid Salmonella among the 150 suspected flocks was 32.6 % (49/150), the highest rate (41/49; 80%) was among young ages (1-10 days old) and the lowest rate (8/49; 16 %) among older ages (11- 21 days old). The highest recovery was from liver (30.66 %), followed by spleen (25.33 %), caecum (20 %) and yolk sac (15.7 %). Serotyping of 49 Salmonella isolates revealed 11 different serogroups, with Salmonella Typhimurium was the most prevalent one (24.49 %), followed by Salmonella Kentucky (18.36 %) and Salmonella Enteritidis (14.28 %). The most sensitive antibiotics were apramycin (82 %) and ciprofloxacin (65 %). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was significant to ampicillin, gentamycin and cefotriaxone in all Salmonella isolates. All phenotypically identified MDR Salmonella were found to possess invA, hilA, pefA (100%) and avrA (95 %) genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), confirming that these virulence genes are important virulence markers for rapid diagnosis of Salmonella infection.","PeriodicalId":137314,"journal":{"name":"Zagazig Veterinary Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127727424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular Analysis of Escherichia coli Strains Causing Respiratory Troubles in Chickens in Egypt","authors":"A. Hussein, A. Eid, M. Ibrahim, M. Lebdah","doi":"10.21608/ZVJZ.2019.10214.1026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ZVJZ.2019.10214.1026","url":null,"abstract":"Colibacillosis is a complicated disease causing severe economic losses and challenging veterinarians and producers. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains causing respiratory troubles in chickens. Thirty broiler chicken flocks (2013-2016 outbreaks) at age of 17-35 days from Sharkia, Ismailia, Dakahlia and Sinai showed respiratory troubles and greenish diarrhea. The postmortem findings revealed typical colisepticemia picture including air sacculitis, fibrinous pericarditis and perihepatitis. The percentage of APEC isolation was 100 % while 10 flocks suffered mixed infections. From 284 collected samples (air sacs, heart blood, lungs and liver), E. coli isolation was mostly from air sacs (76.1 %) and lung (73.2 %) followed by heart blood (67.6%) and liver (54.9%). Based on serogrouping, the most common serogroups were O78 and O2 with percentage of 15% each. Based on antimicrobial disc diffusion test, the lowest (32.7 %) and highest resistance (100 %) were to doxycycline versus lincomycin, spiramycin, oxacillin and amoxicillin. PCR analysis for 55 MDR E. coli isolates revealed 3 antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM (87.3 %), blaCTX-M (85.5 %) and blaOXA (5.5 %)) and 6 virulence genes in two multiplex PCR (iucD (96 %), Fim H (92.7 %), iss (76.4 %), ompT (58.2 %), tsh (45.5 %) and cvaC (9 %). An association between virulence and multidrug resistance genes in E. coli was concluded, that hindered the control strategy. Therefore, alternative strategies were necessary to minimize the antibiotic use and reduce the virulent strains occurrence.","PeriodicalId":137314,"journal":{"name":"Zagazig Veterinary Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126728064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}