Hepatic and Renal Protective Effects of Annona muricata Leaf and Fruit Extracts on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Mice

Cancer is a complicated disease incorporating many factors and causes which could be environmental, metabolic disorder, chemical, and genetic alteration. Many of the already used anticancer therapies are derivatives of natural sources including herbs. The current study was designed to assess the antitumor activity of Egyptian Annona muricata against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in albino mice which induced by intraperitoneal injection with EAC cells (2×106 cells/mouse). Eighty-eight female adult albino mice were utilized in the beginning of the current study and were separated into five groups, normal control, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, fruit extract (200 mg/kg), leaf extract (200 mg/kg), and cisplatin (2 mg/kg) treated groups for nine successive days after 48 hours of pre-injection with EAC cells. Viability of tumor ascites cells, the volume of ascites fluid, and EAC cell count were significantly decreased after daily treatment with both extracts. Hematological parameters were enhanced, liver enzymes and creatinine regain their normal values. Oxidative stress was dimensioned via decreasing of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Antioxidant activity was enhanced through the increasing of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Histopathologically, residual tumor growth on the outer surface of the liver and kidney were markedly reduced without infiltration onto the tissues. Inflammation of tissues was inhibited and tissue architecture was ameliorated. In conclusion, Annona extracts could have anticancer activity and antioxidant properties which could be useful in dimensioning cancer progression and improves organs protection.