International endodontic journal最新文献

{"title":"The outcome of full and deep pulpotomy in teeth with extremely deep carious lesion and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial","authors":"Aaqib Shah,&nbsp;Amritha PV,&nbsp;Sidhartha Sharma,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar,&nbsp;Amrita Chawla,&nbsp;Ajay Logani","doi":"10.1111/iej.14205","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14205","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the outcome of full and deep pulpotomy performed in mature permanent teeth with extremely deep carious lesion and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This parallel-group, double-blind, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial was conducted after ethical clearance. Patients with mature permanent teeth with extremely deep carious lesion and diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were recruited. Teeth were randomly allocated to two study groups, i.e. Group I: full pulpotomy (excision of pulp tissue up to the level of root canal orifices) and Group II: deep pulpotomy (excision of radicular pulp tissue 2–3 mm apical to root canal orifices). Haemostasis was achieved using cotton pellet moistened with 2.5% NaOCl for up to 10 min. Mineral trioxide aggregate was used as a pulp capping agent and teeth were restored in the same visit with resin composite. Outcome assessment was performed at 12-month follow-up based on clinical and radiographic evaluation. The success rate was determined by intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analysis. Two sample t-tests were used to compare the time taken to achieve haemostasis and determine its association with treatment outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of sixty teeth received treatment in both study groups. The bleeding time was significantly more in Group I (6.13 ± 1.59 min) compared to group II (5.23 ± 1.22 min) (<i>p</i> &lt; .0171). The recall rate was 86.6% at study end point when fifty-two teeth were analysed at 12-month follow up. The success rate was 88.46% and 92.30% for per protocol analysis and 76.67 and 80% for ITT analysis for Group I and Group II, respectively, without any statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> = .610). The absolute risk difference between each treatment was within the 10% non-inferiority limit. There was no statistically significant association between time taken to achieve haemostasis and treatment outcome in both study groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was no significant difference between full and deep pulpotomy techniques, with respect to achievement of haemostasis and treatment outcome for management of teeth with extremely deep caries and irreversible pulpitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":"58 5","pages":"715-726"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between endodontic, patient-related factors and severe odontogenic infections; a South Australian retrospective audit","authors":"Laura Petroff,&nbsp;Ruby Richardson,&nbsp;Emilija Jensen,&nbsp;Andrew Cheng,&nbsp;Paul Sambrook,&nbsp;Giampiero Rossi-Fedele","doi":"10.1111/iej.14204","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14204","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Endodontic conditions are associated with severe odontogenic infections. However, no studies have explicitly explored their role in the infectious process. This study aimed to assess associations between tooth-related and patient-related factors resulting in severe odontogenic infections and clinical care needs.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methodology&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A retrospective audit was conducted of all records of patients who presented with severe odontogenic infections requiring admission between 2018 and 2023, at the largest public hospital in South Australia. Pericoronitis, postoperative, and non-odontogenic infections were excluded. Associations between tooth-related factors (type, location, presence/absence of caries, restorations, root canal filling, apical periodontitis, and space of infection), patients-related factors (diabetes and smoking statuses), clinical management (length of admission, intensive care unit admission number of days, and need for general anaesthesia) were explored. &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Mann–Whitney's test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis, and the level of statistical significance was set at 5%.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Of 382 records identified, 189 met the inclusion criteria. Mandibular (95.8%) molars (92.1%) were the most commonly offending teeth. Eight (4.2%) were root canal filled, 27 (14.3%) restored, 166 carious (87.8%), and 181 (95.8%) were associated with an apical radiolucency. Over half the sample were smokers (56.9%) and 16.4% were diabetics. The most common infection involved the submandibular space (56.1%). Intensive care unit admission was required for 157 patients (83.1%), and stay depended on the space of infection, with buccal space having the shortest duration (median 1 day) compared with submandibular (median 4 days) (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; .001). Need for general anaesthesia was associated with Ludwig's angina (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3, 100%) (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .04) and submandibular space infection (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 104, 98.1%) (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; .001), plus intensive care unit admission (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; .001). Conversely, for buccal space infection, the need for general anaesthesia was lower (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 5, 23.8%). No further significant differences were found.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Untreated mandibular molars with apical periodontitis were the most frequent tooth-related findings. Results from the present study suggest associations between the most severe clinical presentations (Ludwig's angina and submandibular infection) and com","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":"58 5","pages":"727-735"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iej.14204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel artificial intelligence-powered tool for automated root canal segmentation in single-rooted teeth on cone-beam computed tomography","authors":"Airton Oliveira Santos-Junior,&nbsp;Rocharles Cavalcante Fontenele,&nbsp;Frederico Sampaio Neves,&nbsp;Mário Tanomaru-Filho,&nbsp;Reinhilde Jacobs","doi":"10.1111/iej.14200","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14200","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered tool based on convolutional neural network (CNN) for automatic segmentation of root canals in single-rooted teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 69 CBCT scans were retrospectively recruited from a hospital database and acquired from two devices with varying protocols. These scans were randomly assigned to the training (<i>n</i> = 31, 88 teeth), validation (<i>n</i> = 8, 15 teeth) and testing (<i>n</i> = 30, 120 teeth) sets. For the training and validation data sets, each CBCT scan was imported to the Virtual Patient Creator platform, where manual segmentation of root canals was performed by two operators, establishing the ground truth. Subsequently, the AI model was tested on 30 CBCT scans (120 teeth), and the AI-generated three-dimensional (3D) virtual models were exported in standard triangle language (STL) format. Importantly, the testing data set encompassed different types of single-rooted teeth. An experienced operator evaluated the automated segmentation, and manual refinements were made to create refined 3D models (R-AI). The AI and R-AI models were compared for performance evaluation. Additionally, 30% of the testing sample was manually segmented at two different times to compare AI-based and human segmentation methods. The time taken by each segmentation method to obtain 3D models was recorded in seconds(s) for further comparison.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The AI-driven tool demonstrated highly accurate segmentation of single-rooted teeth (Dice similarity coefficient [DSC] ranging from 89% to 93%; 95% Hausdorff distance [HD] ranging from 0.10 to 0.13 mm), with no significant impact of tooth type on accuracy metrics (<i>p</i> &gt; .05). The AI approach outperformed the manual method (<i>p</i> &lt; .05), showing higher DSC and lower 95% HD values. In terms of time efficiency, manual segmentation required significantly more time (2262.4 ± 679.1 s) compared to R-AI (94 ± 64.7 s) and AI (41.8 ± 12.2 s) methods (<i>p</i> &lt; .05), representing a 54-fold decrease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The novel AI-based tool exhibited highly accurate and time-efficient performance in the automatic root canal segmentation on CBCT, surpassing the human performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":"58 4","pages":"658-671"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iej.14200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fully guided system for position-predictable autotransplantation of teeth: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Yongqi Li,&nbsp;Zhiyan Lin,&nbsp;Yudong Liu,&nbsp;Guangwei Chen,&nbsp;Chengwei Li,&nbsp;Huilin Wu,&nbsp;Xuelian Wang,&nbsp;Ye Liu,&nbsp;Minyi Kuang,&nbsp;Libin Zhou","doi":"10.1111/iej.14193","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14193","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Autotransplantation of teeth (ATT) is a viable biological method for addressing dental defects. The objective was to achieve occlusal reconstruction-orientated ATT to enhance functionality and obtain optimal location and adjacency. This study proposes a new concept of a guide (a fully guided system) to achieve position-predictable ATT.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methodology&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study included 30 transplants in 29 patients who were randomly divided into two groups during the initial examination using a single-blind method. The experimental group comprised 15 transplants in 14 patients who underwent surgery using a fully guided system. Fifteen transplants were performed on 15 patients in the control group using only a replica.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The mean number of repeated teeth autotransplantation attempts and mean preparation time exhibited no significant differences. The mean follow-up period was 1 year. Twenty-six transplants were followed up clinically, while four were only followed up by phone calls. The experimental group demonstrated a 100% success rate, whereas the control group exhibited a 70% success rate, with an overall 100% survival rate. 3D analysis: Deviation of both angle and distance was calculated for evaluation of accuracy. The mean centre deviation of teeth in experiment group was 0.79 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51–1.08) compared to 1.79 mm (95% CI, 1.10–2.47) in control group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; .05). The mean of average index points distance deviation showed a significant difference. The mean angle deviation of long axis in experiment group was 3.87° (95% CI, 2.25–5.49) compared to 12.98° (95% CI, 8.64–17.31) in control group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; .05). The angle deviation of long axis in mesio-distal direction, buccal-lingual direction and rotation showed a significant difference also.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The results of the analysis indicated that the fully guided system increased the predictability of achieving an ideal transplant position with intuitive data, establishing a solid foundation for optimal dental functional recovery and restoration. However, this study had limitations regarding the generalisability of the design of the optimal location for transplantation and the equipment requirements for clinical procedures. Therefore, further research on the screening of indications for guided systems and location planning is necessary.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Clinical Trial Registration&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study was registered on t","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":"58 4","pages":"550-565"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian rhythm disruption aggravates alveolar bone loss in rat apical periodontitis","authors":"Lanxiang Ye,&nbsp;Gang Mei,&nbsp;Huan Liu,&nbsp;Rong Zhong,&nbsp;Qingming Tang,&nbsp;Zhenglin Yuan","doi":"10.1111/iej.14201","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14201","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) affects the expression levels of a range of biological clock genes, such as brain and muscle ARNT-Like-1 (BMAL1), which is considered to be an important factor in triggering or exacerbating inflammatory response. However, the underlying effect of CRD on the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis, a common oral inflammatory disease, currently remains unknown. Exploring the effects and pathogenic mechanisms of CRD on apical periodontitis will be beneficial in providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of apical periodontitis.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methodology&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with apical periodontitis visiting to hospital. Rat models combining CRD and apical periodontitis were constructed, and the destruction of periapical alveolar bone was assessed by Micro-CT, H&amp;E, and TRAP staining assay. Rat periapical alveolar bone tissues were collected for RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry to further detect the expression of periapical biological clock genes. A model of apical periodontitis was constructed using &lt;i&gt;Bmal1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;−/−&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and WT rats to further verify the key role played by &lt;i&gt;Bmal1&lt;/i&gt;. Finally, rats raised in CRD environment were intraperitoneally injected with melatonin to restore the circadian rhythm, and the periapical alveolar bone repair was observed by Masson's staining and staining of osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A close association between CRD and acute exacerbation of chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) in patients was first found in an epidemiological survey. By constructing animal models of CRD and apical periodontitis, it was found that CRD could aggravate the inflammatory stress of apical periodontitis and even drive the acute exacerbation of CAP. Further investigations suggested that the expression of crucial clock genes, especially &lt;i&gt;Bmal1&lt;/i&gt;, were significantly disrupted in the periapical tissue of apical periodontitis. In addition, the periapical tissue from &lt;i&gt;Bmal1&lt;/i&gt; knockout rat displayed stronger inflammatory response and more severe alveolar bone destruction in apical periodontitis. Restoring circadian rhythm by melatonin supplementation could effectively alleviate both the inflammatory response and alveolar bone loss in apical periodontitis.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;CRD is a novel trigger in aggravating the inflammatory response and alveolar bone loss of apical periodontitis. Melatonin is expected to be used in the dental clinic as an important adjunctive therapy strategy for the he","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":"58 5","pages":"744-756"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Position statement on longitudinal cracks and fractures of teeth","authors":"Shanon Patel,&nbsp;Peng-Hui Teng,&nbsp;Wan-Chuen Liao,&nbsp;Matthew Craig Davis,&nbsp;Ales Fidler,&nbsp;Franziska Haupt,&nbsp;Cristiano Fabiani,&nbsp;Ronald Ordinola Zapata,&nbsp;Rahul Bose","doi":"10.1111/iej.14186","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14186","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This position statement is a consensus view of an expert committee convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE). The statement is based on current clinical and scientific evidence as well as the collective reflective practice of the committee. The aim is to provide clinicians with evidence-based, authoritative information on the aetiology, clinical presentation, and management of cracks and fractures that typically manifest along the long axis of the crown and/or root.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":"58 3","pages":"379-390"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iej.14186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles of Candida albicans show dual effects on Enterococcus faecalis growth and virulence: A laboratory-based investigation","authors":"Sirui Yang,&nbsp;Na Li,&nbsp;Haoze Wu,&nbsp;Mai Zhang,&nbsp;Luoqianhui Wang,&nbsp;Min Xiao,&nbsp;Xiaogang Cheng,&nbsp;Qing Yu","doi":"10.1111/iej.14199","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14199","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies have shown the important relationships between <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> in post-treatment endodontic disease (PTED). However, the fungal–bacterial interactions and their possible functional routes are less understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from <i>C. albicans</i> on <i>E. faecalis</i> growth and pathogenicity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Candida albicans</i> EVs were isolated from a yeast nitrogen base (YNB) medium, and their morphology, size distribution, and protein concentration were observed and identified. The effects of EVs on planktonic <i>E. faecalis</i> were evaluated using growth curves and colony-forming unit counts, whereas the effects on <i>E. faecalis</i> biofilms were determined using scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopes. The ability of <i>E. faecalis</i> to resist a detrimental environment, infect dentinal tubules, and biofilm formation on gutta percha was examined. Additionally, the effect of EVs on cell invasion and cytotoxicity of <i>E. faecalis</i> were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance, and <i>p</i>-values of &lt;.05 were considered significantly different.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Candida albicans</i> EVs were nanoparticles with bilayer membranes and with peak sizes of 111.9 and 230 nm. EVs exhibited a complex effect on <i>E. faecalis</i> and its biofilms; 5 μg/mL of EVs showed inhibitory effects whereas 0.156 μg/mL of EVs facilitated their growth. The EVs showed consistent effects on <i>E. faecalis</i> virulence. Notably, 5 μg/mL of EVs reduced the damage to RAW264.7 cells caused by <i>E. faecalis</i>, as well as the invasion ability of <i>E. faecalis</i> to macrophages and the intracellular survival ability of <i>E. faecalis</i> after macrophage phagocytosis, whereas 0.156 μg/mL of EVs had completely opposite effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Candida albicans</i> EVs showed dual effects on <i>E. faecalis</i> growth and virulence <i>in vitro</i>, suggesting <i>C. albicans</i> EVs are involved in fungal–bacterial communication. Moreover, the inhibitory effects exhibited by 5 μg/mL of EVs <i>in vitro</i> may suggest a new agent for the control of <i>E. faecalis</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":"58 4","pages":"613-626"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of 3D-printed polymeric-based scaffold coated with bioceramic and naringin for a potential use in dental pulp regeneration (in vitro study)","authors":"Reem Mones Dawood,&nbsp;Anas Falah Mahdee","doi":"10.1111/iej.14194","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14194","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>3D-printed scaffolds loaded with healing directed agents could be employed for better treatment outcome in regenerative dentistry. The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize simple 3D-printed poly lactic acid (PLA) scaffolds coated with nanoHydroxyapatite (nHA), Naringin (NAR), or their combination, and testing their morphological, chemical, mechanical, antibacterial, biocompatible and bioactive properties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two variants pore sizes, 300 and 700 μm, of 3D-printed PLA disc scaffolds measuring (10 × 1 mm) were fabricated. These scaffolds were dip-coated with nHA, NAR, or both (nHA/NAR). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FeSEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), compressive and flexural strength testing was employed for optimizing pore size. Then, antibacterial activity against isolated <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, and cytotoxicity against normal human fibroblast were assessed. Additionally, appetite formation on scaffold surfaces was assessed after storage in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 14 days by further using FeSEM, EDX and XRD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>FeSEM showed uniform structure for 3D-printed scaffolds in both pore size designs, and a consistent surface coating with nHA and NAR, which were further confirmed by EDX and FTIR. However, mechanical testing revealed statistical significant higher compressive and flexural strengths (<i>p</i> &lt; .000) for 300 μm pore size scaffolds. Statistical significant antibacterial activities (<i>p</i> &lt; .05) were also found with PLA/NAR, and PLA/nHA /NAR scaffolds in comparison with neat. The MTT assay revealed biocompatibility of PLA, nHA and NAR, with the combinations of the latter two working synergistically. Lastly, the formation of a calcium-phosphate appetite layer was recognized on the surface of PLA/nHA, PLA/nHA/NAR scaffold after being stored in SBF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>3D-printed, 300 μm pore size, PLA scaffold coated with a combination of nHA and NAR showed the best surface characteristics and improved mechanical, antibacterial and biocompatible properties for further investigation in regenerative studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":"58 4","pages":"627-642"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel pain assessment tool specific for pulp symptoms to aid diagnosis","authors":"Vipin Kumar,&nbsp;Sidhartha Sharma,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar,&nbsp;Amrita Chawla,&nbsp;Mani Kalaivani,&nbsp;Dalim Kumar Baidya,&nbsp;Phillip L. Tomson,&nbsp;Paul V. Abbott,&nbsp;Ajay Logani","doi":"10.1111/iej.14195","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14195","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although many pain assessment tools exist, none are specific to the relatively unique presentation of pulpal pain. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel pain assessment tool based on pulp symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A preliminary list of items best-describing pulpitis was developed based on deductive and inductive approaches and the preliminary tool was piloted (<i>n</i> = 80). A final 11-item pain assessment tool was developed comprising 5 closed-ended items evaluating pain intensity to diverse stimuli (thermal and sweet) and 6 closed-ended items assessing various aspects of pulp pain (such as spontaneity, duration, referral, postural pain, pain upon biting and requirement for analgesics). The tool was tested on 300 adult patients (age range = 18–54 years) who presented with symptoms indicating some form of pulpitis. The 11 items were each scored from 1 to 4, yielding a total score between 11 and 44. These scores were subsequently compared to a set of diagnoses made utilizing established clinical reference standards, these include patient history, clinical examination, periapical radiographs, and pulp testing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All items in the tool reached an excellent content validity index score (≥0.83) for relevance. Following the pilot, six items were rephrased and five were removed. After final testing the constructed tool had a reliability coefficient of .8641, indicating a high level of internal consistency. Factor analysis extracted two factors that accounted for 59.61% of variance. The sensitivity and specificity was 95.36% and 86.58%, respectively. Likelihood ratio was 7.104 (LR+) and 0.05 (LR−) at cut-off point. The area under the ROC curve was 0.9714 with a SE of 0.0076. The cut off score by Youden index was 25 between reversible and irreversible pulpitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The developed tool proved to be both valid and reliable. It is the first comprehensive multidimensional tool designed to standardize the pulp pain assessment protocol, covering various attributes of pulp pain and effectively distinguishing between reversible and irreversible pulpitis with a defined cut-off score. Furthermore, its use is anticipated to provide support in diagnosing ambiguous cases of inflamed pulp, which is especially helpful for less experienced dentists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":"58 4","pages":"566-578"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory investigation of METTL7A driving MSC osteogenic differentiation through YAP1 translation enhancement via eIF4F recruitment","authors":"Li Cui,&nbsp;Zizhao Mai,&nbsp;Ye Lu,&nbsp;Jiarong Zheng,&nbsp;Pei Lin,&nbsp;Xu Chen,&nbsp;Yucheng Zheng,&nbsp;Yunfan Lin,&nbsp;Bing Guo,&nbsp;Xinyuan Zhao","doi":"10.1111/iej.14198","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14198","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Effective control of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation towards osteogenic lineages is fundamental for bone regeneration. This study elucidates the regulatory role of methyltransferase like 7A (METTL7A) in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red S staining, western blotting, and <i>in vivo</i> studies were conducted to determine the effects of METTL7A depletion or overexpression on the osteogenic differentiation of various types of MSCs. Then the downstream signalling pathways regulated by METTL7A in MSCs were further investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings indicate that METTL7A expression significantly increases during the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Furthermore, depletion of METTL7A hindered, whereas its overexpression enhanced, the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Mechanistically, METTL7A influences MSC osteogenic differentiation by activating the YAP1-TEAD1 signalling pathway. It enhances YAP1 expression not only by stabilising <i>YAP1</i> mRNA but also, crucially, by recruiting the eIF4F complex, thereby boosting the translation efficiency of <i>YAP1</i> mRNA. Additionally, the YAP1/TEAD1 complex transcriptionally regulates METTL7A expression, creating a positive feedback loop that amplifies osteogenic differentiation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, our study uncovers a previously unknown molecular mechanism of MSC osteogenic differentiation and suggests that activating METTL7A could offer new avenues for enhancing bone regeneration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":"58 4","pages":"587-603"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}