International endodontic journal最新文献

{"title":"Endodontics in the Metaverse: Exploring new Frontiers","authors":"Shima Saber Tahan, Ove A. Peters, Mehran Farajollahi","doi":"10.1111/iej.14063","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140021659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical outcomes of vital intact teeth close to large cystic lesions of endodontic origin: A prospective clinical study","authors":"Francesco Erovigni,&nbsp;Ilaria Bosso,&nbsp;Mario Alovisi,&nbsp;Luca Mela,&nbsp;Lorenzo Bianchi,&nbsp;Ilaria Bobba,&nbsp;Giuseppe Migliaretti,&nbsp;Caterina Chiara Bianchi,&nbsp;Damiano Pasqualini","doi":"10.1111/iej.14050","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the indication of the endodontic treatment for vital intact teeth with the root apex involved in large radicular cystic lesions of endodontic origin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This prospective cohort study enrolled healthy participants with radicular cysts of endodontic origin and with the root apex of vital intact teeth involved in the bone defect, as determined by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Thirty-two sound vital teeth were analysed by thermal (TPT) and electric pulp tests (EPT) before surgery (T0) and 1 week (T1), 2 weeks (T2), 3 months (T3) and 6 months (T4) post-surgery. Student's <i>t</i>-test (<i>p</i> &lt; .05) was used to compare the EPT values at baseline and T4. <span>anova</span> (<i>p</i> &lt; .05) was used to analyse the EPT variations for all maxillary and mandibular teeth. McNemar test (<i>p</i> &lt; .05) was used to compare the results according to variation in EPT values gathering by variation, no variation and no response.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At T1, 75 and 65.7% of teeth responded positively whilst 25 and 34.3% did not respond to EPT and TPT, respectively. The variation of the EPT values between T0 and T1 was observed for 50.0% of teeth, whilst no variation was noticed in 25.0% of teeth. At T4, 90.6 and 87.5% of teeth responded positively whilst 9.4 and 12.5% did not respond to EPT and TPT, respectively. At T4, variation of the EPT values between T0 and T4 was observed for 28.1%, whilst no variation was noticed in 62.5% of teeth. There were no statistical differences in EPT results between T0 and T4 (<i>p</i> &gt; .05), but significant differences were observed for EPT values between T1 and T4 (<i>p</i> &lt; .05), and between mandibular and maxillary teeth. The pulp sensibility of maxillary teeth worsened after surgery, before reverting progressively to T0 values, whilst no statistically significant differences were observed for mandibular teeth at the different time points.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data support the inconsistence of the prophylactic endodontic treatment in healthy vital teeth with apex involvement in large cystic lesions of endodontic origin. Post-surgery follow-up with TPT and EPT is recommended to assess pulp status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STING inhibition alleviates bone resorption in apical periodontitis","authors":"Han-Qing Mao,&nbsp;Lu Zhou,&nbsp;Jia-Qi Li,&nbsp;Yuan-Hao Wen,&nbsp;Zhi Chen,&nbsp;Lu Zhang","doi":"10.1111/iej.14057","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The goal of this study was to investigate the potential effects of an immunotherapeutic drug targeting STING to suppress the overreactive innate immune response and relieve the bone defect in apical periodontitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We established an apical periodontitis mouse model in <i>Sting</i>^−/− and WT mice <i>in vivo</i>. The progression of apical periodontitis was analysed by micro-CT analysis and H&amp;E staining. The expression level and localization of STING in F4/80⁺ cells were identified by IHC and immunofluorescence staining. RANKL in periapical tissues was tested by IHC staining. TRAP staining was used to detect osteoclasts. To clarify the effect of STING inhibitor C-176 as an immunotherapeutic drug, mice with apical periodontitis were treated with C-176 and the bone loss was identified by H&amp;E, TRAP, RANKL staining and micro-CT. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were isolated from <i>Sting</i>^−/− and WT mice and induced to osteoclasts in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory environment <i>in vitro</i>. Moreover, WT BMMs were treated with C-176 to determine the effect on osteoclast differentiation by TRAP staining. The expression levels of osteoclast-related genes were tested using qRT-PCR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to WT mice, the bone resorption and inflammatory cell infiltration were reduced in exposed <i>Sting</i>^−/− mice. In the exposed WT group, STING was activated mainly in F4/80⁺ macrophages. Histological staining revealed the less osteoclasts and lower expression of osteoclast-related factor RANKL in <i>Sting</i>^−/− mice. The treatment of the STING inhibitor C-176 in an apical periodontitis mice model alleviated inflammation progression and bone loss, similar to the effect observed in <i>Sting</i>^−/− mice. Expression of RANKL and osteoclast number in periapical tissues were also decreased after C-176 administration. <i>In vitro</i>, TRAP staining showed fewer positive cells and qRT-PCR reflected decreased expression of osteoclastic marker, Src and Acp5 were detected during osteoclastic differentiation in <i>Sting</i>^−/− and C-176 treated BMMs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>STING was activated and was proven to be a positive factor in bone loss and osteoclastogenesis in apical periodontitis. The STING inhibitor C-176 administration could alleviate the bone loss via modulating local immune response, which provided immunotherapy to the treatment of apical periodontitis.</p>\u0000 </sectio","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between pulp and periapical disease with type 2 diabetes: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization","authors":"Yuqiang Wang,&nbsp;Jiakang Zhu,&nbsp;Ying Tang,&nbsp;Cui Huang","doi":"10.1111/iej.14034","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This current Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to comprehensively explore the potential bidirectional link between pulp and periapical disease (PAP) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Summary level data of European-based population genome-wide association studies (GWASs) were employed to undertake this MR study. With the selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as the instrumental variable, the radial inverse-variance weighted (radial IVW) method with modified second-order weights was applied as the primary method. Additionally, a range of sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate pleiotropy. Results from different sources of outcome were pooled by meta-analysis with the fixed model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of this MR analysis did not suggest a significant impact of pulp and periapical disease on type 2 diabetes (combined OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07, <i>p</i> = .033) and vice versa (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.96–1.14, <i>p</i> = .329). No significant pleiotropy was detected in the final model after the removal of outliers, demonstrating the reliability of the results in our primary analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the limitations inherent in the present MR study, there is no significant evidence in either direction to suggest a causal association between pulp and periapical disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of root canal preparation tapers on planktonic bacteria and biofilm reduction in the apical third: A correlative microtomography and microbiological laboratory study","authors":"Fernanda Piffer Garcia Macedo,&nbsp;Adriana de Jesus Soares,&nbsp;Marília Fagury Videira Marceliano-Alves,&nbsp;Elizabeth Martinez,&nbsp;Ricardo Lopes,&nbsp;Luan Ferreira Bastos,&nbsp;Wayne Martins Nascimento,&nbsp;Ana Grasiela Limoeiro,&nbsp;Marcos dos Frozoni","doi":"10.1111/iej.14052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the influence of different preparation tapers on the reduction in planktonic bacteria and biofilms of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Candida albicans</i> in the apical third (4 mm) of the mesial roots of mandibular molars, correlating decontamination with canal shape.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After microtomography analysis for morphological standardization of the canals, 48 mandibular molar roots, each containing two canals (96 canals), were contaminated with <i>E</i>. <i>faecalis</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>albicans</i> and divided into four groups (<i>n</i> = 11) for canal instrumentation using ProDesign Logic 2 files with different tapers G (.03): # 25.03; G (.04): # 25.04; G (.05): # 25.05; and G (.06): # 25.06 and irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Four roots were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to qualitatively assess biofilm formation. Eight roots were used as the negative control group (samples were not contaminated). Bacteriological samples were taken exclusively from the apical third of the roots before and after chemical–mechanical preparation and bacterial counts were determined (CFU/mL). The final micro-CT scan was used to quantify the volume variation and unprepared canal area in the apical third. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis, Student–Newman–Keuls and Wilcoxon tests for analysis of microbiological data. <span>anova</span> and the Tukey or Games–Howell test were used for analysis of micro-CT data and Spearman's test for correlations (<i>α</i> = 5%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All groups showed a significant reduction in bacteria (<i>p</i> &lt; .05), with no statistically significant difference between groups. There was no significant difference in per cent volume increase between groups. The unprepared area (Δ%) was affected by the file used (<i>p</i> = .026) and was significantly lower for G (.06) compared to G (.03). There was no statistically significant correlation among bacterial reduction, volume and unprepared area (<i>p</i> &gt; .05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The different preparation tapers influenced root canal shaping in the apical third but did not improve decontamination in this region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticulate bioceramic putty suppresses osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone loss in mice via inhibition of TRAF6-mediated signalling pathways: A laboratory investigation","authors":"Zijun Wang,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Sun,&nbsp;Jingjing Yu,&nbsp;Bingqian Liu,&nbsp;Bin Peng,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Jingwen Yang,&nbsp;Lingxin Zhu","doi":"10.1111/iej.14051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to determine the effects of iRoot BP Plus on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and inflammation-mediated bone resorption in vivo and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CCK-8 was performed to test cell viability in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells and BMDMs in response to iRoot BP Plus. The effect of iRoot BP Plus on osteoclastogenesis was determined using TRAP staining and phalloidin staining, respectively. Pit formation assay was conducted to measure osteoclast resorptive capacity. Western blot and qPCR were performed to examine osteoclast-related proteins and gene expression, respectively. Western blot was also used to investigate the signalling pathways involved. For in vivo experiments, an LPS-induced mouse calvarial bone resorption model was established to analyse the effect of iRoot BP Plus on bone resorption (<i>n</i> = 6 per group). At 7 days, mouse calvaria were collected and prepared for histological analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified that iRoot BP Plus extracts significantly attenuated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, reduced sealing zone formation, restrained osteolytic capacity and decreased osteoclast-specific gene expression (<i>p</i> &lt; .01). Mechanistically, iRoot BP Plus extracts reduced TRAF6 via proteasomal degradation, then suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), blocked the nuclear translocation of c-Fos and diminished nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and NFATc1 accumulation. Consistent with the in vitro results, iRoot BP Plus extracts attenuated osteoclast activity thus protecting against inflammatory bone resorption in vivo (<i>p</i> &lt; .05), which was accompanied by a suppression of TRAF6, c-Fos, NFATc1 and cathepsin K expression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide valuable insights into the signalling mechanisms underlying nanoparticulate bioceramic putty-mediated bone homeostasis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of supplementary sodium hypochlorite agitation techniques on an ex vivo oral multispecies biofilm during passive disinfection of simulated immature roots","authors":"Walbert de Andrade Vieira,&nbsp;Adriana de-Jesus-Soares,&nbsp;Erica M. Lopes,&nbsp;Brenda P. F. A. Gomes,&nbsp;Bruno P. Lima","doi":"10.1111/iej.14053","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the effect of different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) agitation techniques on an ex vivo oral multispecies biofilm during passive disinfection of simulated immature roots.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extracted human teeth were prepared to simulate immature roots. They were infected with a dental plaque-derived multispecies biofilm and cultured for 14 days. The roots were randomly designated into four groups: (1) negative control (PBS), (2) 1.5% NaOCl (CNI), (3) CNI + Ultrasonic activation (UA), (4) CNI + EasyClean agitation (ECA), (5) CNI + XP-endo finisher agitation (XPF), and (6) positive control (6% NaOCl). Biofilm samples were collected from the root canals and used to determine the number of viable cells (colony-forming units), scanning electron microscopy, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The mean colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) were analysed using One-way <span>anova</span>. 16S rRNA sequencing data were analysed for alpha (observed OTUs, Shannon index, and Chao1) and beta diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarities). The LEfSe analysis was used to determine the effect of treatment procedures on the abundance of root canal microbiota. The significance was set at .05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PBS and CNI samples had significantly higher CFU/mL counts than UA, ECA, XPF, and 6% NaOCl samples (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). The pre-treatment, PBS, and CNI groups had significantly greater alpha diversity than the UA, ECA, XPF, and 6% NaOCl groups (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). NaOCl agitation groups and the 6% NaOCl group achieved a more pronounced reduction in bacteria from the genera <i>Fusobacterium</i>, <i>Actinomyces</i>, <i>Porphyromonas</i>, and <i>Capnocytophaga</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The effectiveness of passive disinfection protocols was enhanced by NaOCl agitation techniques, suggesting that this supplementary method can improve the outcome of revitalization procedures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iej.14053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139931036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the early apical release from endodontic hydrogels: A 3D printed model","authors":"Marianne Leveque,&nbsp;Mourad Bekhouche,&nbsp;Jean-Christophe Farges,&nbsp;Raphaël Richert,&nbsp;Maxime Ducret","doi":"10.1111/iej.14049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Regenerative Endodontic Procedures (REPs) using new materials such as hydrogels aim to replace current endodontic treatments, but numerous limitations are to overcome. Apical release was little explored in previous studies, especially regarding hydrogels that incorporate molecules, such as growth factors and antibiotics. Apical release is a key mechanism in achieving regeneration, as it could regulate disinfection or cell colonization. Few models exist for apical release, limiting the transfer of these devices from bench to bedside. This study aims to design a simple and standardized model to identify parameters that influence the early apical release kinetic of molecules from endodontic hydrogels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Endodontic Release Inserts (ERI) were designed to mimic the situation of an immature incisor using three different diameters (Ø 0.5 to 2 mm) and to allow the study of the early release from a hydrogel in a 96-well plate. ERI was produced with a 3D printing machine. The kinetic release was investigated using 2 fluorescent, hydrophobic (BDP-500) and hydrophilic (Fluorescein) molecules, in different hydrogels (fibrin and agarose) and in various media (PBS or serum). The release kinetics were estimated by measuring the fluorescence at different time points (1 to 24 h).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ERI use made it possible to report that apical diameters increase from 500 to 1000 μm was associated with an increase in release from 4.02 ± 1.63% to 11.53 ± 2.38% over 24 h. It also allowed us to report that bottom solution composition change from PBS to human serum was associated with an increase in the release of fatty acid molecules, whilst a decrease in the hydrogel concentration was associated with a variation in release kinetics. Moreover, nano-encapsulation of a molecule was associated with a decreased release over the first 24 h from 5.25 to 0%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ERI use enables investigation of the parameters influencing release kinetics from endodontic hydrogels. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate the interaction of these parameters with each other, in animal models and clinic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iej.14049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimethod analysis of large- and low-tapered single file reciprocating instruments: Design, metallurgy, mechanical performance, and irrigation flow","authors":"Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva,&nbsp;Fernando Peña-Bengoa,&nbsp;Natasha C. Ajuz,&nbsp;Victor T. L. Vieira,&nbsp;Jorge N. R. Martins,&nbsp;Duarte Marques,&nbsp;Ricardo Pinto,&nbsp;Mario Rito Pereira,&nbsp;Francisco Manuel Braz-Fernandes,&nbsp;Marco A. Versiani","doi":"10.1111/iej.14047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare eight large- and low-tapered heat-treated reciprocating instruments regarding their design, metallurgy, mechanical properties, and irrigation flow through an in silico model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 472 new 25-mm E-Flex Rex (25/.04 and 25/.06), Excalibur (25/.05), Procodile (25/.06), Reciproc Blue R25 (25/.08v), WaveOne Gold Primary (25/.07v), and Univy Sense (25/.04 and 25/.06) instruments were evaluated regarding their design (stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and 3D surface scanning), metallurgy (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry), and mechanical performance (cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance, cutting ability, bending and buckling resistance). Computational fluid dynamics assessment was also conducted to determine the irrigation flow pattern, apical pressure, and wall shear stress in simulated canal preparations. Kruskal–Wallis and one-way anova post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical comparisons (<i>α</i> = 5%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Instruments presented variations in blade numbers, helical angles, and tip designs, with all featuring non-active tips, symmetrical blades, and equiatomic nickel-titanium ratios. Cross-sectional designs exhibited an S-shaped geometry, except for WaveOne Gold. Univy 25/.04 and Reciproc Blue displayed the smallest and largest core diameters at D3. Univy 25/.04 and E-Flex Rec 25/.04 demonstrated the longest time to fracture (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). Reciproc Blue and Univy 25/.04 exhibited the highest and lowest torque to fracture, respectively (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). Univy 25/.04 and Reciproc Blue had the highest rotation angles, whilst E-Flex Rec 25/.06 showed the lowest angle (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). The better cutting ability was observed with E-Flex Rec 25/.06, Procodile, Excalibur, and Reciproc Blue (<i>p</i> &gt; .05). Reciproc R25 and E-Flex Rec showed the highest buckling resistance values (<i>p</i> &lt; .05), with WaveOne Gold being the least flexible instrument. The impact of instruments' size and taper on wall shear stress and apical pressure did not follow a distinct pattern, although Univy 25/.04 and E-Flex Rec 25/.06 yielded the highest and lowest values for both parameters, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low-tapered reciprocating instruments exhibit increased flexibility, higher time to fracture, and greater angles of rotation, coupled with reduced maximum bending loads and buckling strength compared to large-tapered instruments. Nevertheless, low-tapered systems also exhibit lower maximum torque ","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium hydroxide-loaded nanoparticles dispersed in thermosensitive gel as a novel intracanal medicament","authors":"Xavier Roig,&nbsp;Lyda Halbaut,&nbsp;Firas Elmsmari,&nbsp;Rubén Pareja,&nbsp;Aizea Arrien,&nbsp;Fernando Duran-Sindreu,&nbsp;Luis María Delgado,&nbsp;Marta Espina,&nbsp;María Luisa García,&nbsp;José Antonio González Sánchez,&nbsp;Elena Sánchez-López","doi":"10.1111/iej.14041","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iej.14041","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Design, produce and assess the viability of a novel nanotechnological antibacterial thermo-sensible intracanal medicament This involves encapsulating calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) within polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and dispersing them in a thermosensitive gel (Ca(OH)₂-NPs-gel). In addition, perform <i>in vitro</i> and ex vivo assessments to evaluate tissue irritation and penetration capacity into dentinal tubules in comparison to free Ca(OH)₂.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reproducibility of Ca(OH)₂-NPs was confirmed by obtaining the average size of the NPs, their polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. Moreover, rheological studies of Ca(OH)₂-NPs-gel were carried out with a rheometer, studying the oscillatory stress sweep, the mean viscosity value, frequency and temperature sweeps. Tolerance was assessed using the membrane of an embryonated chicken egg. <i>In vitro</i> Ca(OH)₂ release was studied by direct dialysis in an aqueous media monitoring the amount of Ca(OH)₂ released. Six extracted human teeth were used to study the depth of penetration of fluorescently labelled Ca(OH)₂-NPs-gel into the dentinal tubules and significant differences against free Ca(OH)₂ were calculated using one-way <span>anova</span>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ca(OH)₂-NPs-gel demonstrated to be highly reproducible with an average size below 200 nm, a homogeneous NPs population, negative surface charge and high entrapment efficiency. The analysis of the thermosensitive gel allowed us to determine its rheological characteristics, showing that at 10°C gels owned a fluid-like behaviour meanwhile at 37°C they owned an elastic-like behaviour. Ca(OH)₂-NPs-gel showed a prolonged drug release and the depth of penetration inside the dentinal tubules increased in the most apical areas. In addition, it was found that this drug did not produce irritation when applied to tissues such as eggs' chorialantoidonic membrane.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Calcium hydroxide-loaded PLGA NPs dispersed in a thermosensitive gel may constitute a suitable alternative as an intracanal antibacterial medicament.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13724,"journal":{"name":"International endodontic journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}