International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology最新文献

{"title":"Research progress in OX40/OX40L in allergic diseases.","authors":"Rongrong Song, Huanlei Zhang, Zhuoping Liang","doi":"10.1002/alr.23469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OX40/OX40L are costimulatory molecules in the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Numerous studies have shown that OX40/OX40L are involved in immune regulation, especially in the proliferation and differentiation of T cells and the generation of memory T cells, which play important roles in allergic diseases. In recent years, the use of OX40/OX40L as therapeutic targets for treating T-cell-mediated diseases has attracted the interest of scholars. This paper reviews the role of OX40/OX40L in allergic diseases and the progress in clinical treatments targeting this signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of omalizumab combined with allergen immunotherapy in children with moderate to severe allergic asthma.","authors":"Wenxin Shen, Qianlan Zhou, Qinzhen Zhang, Lina Han, Li Chen, Xiaowen Li, Bing Dai, Si Liu, Lishen Shan","doi":"10.1002/alr.23470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key points: </strong>Omalizumab enables children who are intolerant to AIT to initiate AIT successfully. Combination therapy better improves asthma and rhinitis symptoms, FeNO, and lung function compared to single SCIT or omalizumab treatment. Combination therapy reduces the incidence of adverse reactions during the initial phase of SCIT and enhances its safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary review of the utility of artificial intelligence to detect eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.","authors":"Jayanth Rajan, Ross Rosen, Daniel Karasik, John Richter, Claudia Cabrera, Brian D'Anza, Kenneth Rodriguez, Sanjeet V Rangarajan","doi":"10.1002/alr.23463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key points: </strong>While typically diagnosed with biopsy, ECRS may be predicted preoperatively with the use of AI. Various AI models have been used, with pooled sensitivity of 0.857 and specificity of 0.850. We found no statistically significant difference between the accuracy of various AI models.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps undergoing endoscopic sinonasal surgery.","authors":"Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Claire Hopkins, Thomas Hummel, Anna Menini, Francesco Uderzo, Giulia Provenza, Giacomo Spinato, Enzo Emanuelli, Giancarlo Tirelli","doi":"10.1002/alr.23467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a key symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Although extensively studied in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), OD in CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) remains under-researched. This study aims to assess the prevalence of OD and its evolution in surgically naïve patients with CRSsNP undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included 97 participants with CRSsNP (mean age, 46.5 years; 70.1% men) and 97 healthy controls (mean age, 46.5 years; 70.1% men). Participants underwent psychophysical evaluations of orthonasal (using the Sniffin' Sticks test) and retronasal olfaction (using powdered aromas) at enrolment and 6 months post-ESS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 97 patients, 81 (83.5%) completed all assessments. At enrolment, 23 (28.4%) CRSsNP patients had OD based on composite threshold, discrimination, identification scores, compared with 7 (8.6%) controls (absolute % difference, 19.8% [95% CI, 8.2-31.4]). Retronasal olfactory function was also significantly worse in CRSsNP patients. Six months post-ESS, 30 patients (37.0%) experienced a clinically significant improvement in olfactory, whereas nonsignificant changes were observed in retronasal olfactory score, and 3.7% of patients experienced a deterioration of the olfactory function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, although 37% of patients experienced a clinically significant improvement in their sense of smell following ESS, the overall prevalence of OD in this surgically naive population appears relatively low, especially when compared to that observed in patients with CRSwNP. Therefore, ESS may offer some benefits for enhancing orthonasal olfactory function, but the extent of these improvements appears to be limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of functional endoscopic sinus surgery on asthma control in patients with comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma: A national database study.","authors":"Mbuyi Madeleine Kabongo, Joshua M Levy, Lauren T Roland","doi":"10.1002/alr.23462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key points: </strong>In patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and comorbid asthma, patients with surgical intervention required less asthma rescue medication, as compared to those who did not undergo surgery. Following sinus surgery, patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma required more asthma medication, as compared to the time period prior to surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stepwise Empty Nose Syndrome Evaluation (SENSE) test-A modified cotton test for reduced bias in office diagnosis of empty nose syndrome.","authors":"Lirit Levi, Angela Yang, Esmond F Tsai, Yifei Ma, Nour Ibrahim, Sachi S Dholakia, Vidya K Rao, Axel Renteria, Xueying Cao, Michael T Chang, Jayakar V Nayak","doi":"10.1002/alr.23442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diagnosis of empty nose syndrome (ENS) relies on the ENS six-item questionnaire (ENS6Q) with a score of ≥11, followed by a \"positive\" cotton test yielding seven-point reduction from baseline ENS6Q score via cotton placement to the inferior meatus (IM). Given the intricacies of diagnosing ENS and the propensity for false positives with the standard cotton test, we modified the classic single-step cotton test into a four-part Stepwise Empty Nose Syndrome Evaluation (SENSE) cotton test to reduce bias and evaluate the placebo effect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals diagnosed with ENS underwent the SENSE test, a single-blinded, four-step, office-based cotton test, without topical anesthesia or decongestants. Conditions included: (1) placebo/no cotton placed; (2) complete cotton-blockade of nasal vestibule; (3) cotton placed medially against the nasal septum; and (4) cotton placed laterally in the IM (site of inferior turbinate tissue loss). With each condition, patients completed an ENS6Q.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-eight ENS patients were included. Twenty-nine percent demonstrated a placebo effect (p < 0.001), 40.4% had a positive response to complete cotton-blockade (p < 0.001), 64.4% to septum-placed cotton, and 79.1% to IM-placed cotton (p < 0.001), corresponding to a mean ENS6Q reduction of 11.9 points (p < 0.001). Notably, the mean difference in ENS6Q scores between septum and IM placement was 1.7 (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SENSE test offers further insight into subtleties of nasal breathing experienced by ENS patients. The placebo effect can be prominent and important to consider with individual patients. While most ENS patients prefer any intranasal cotton placement over baseline, blinded testing reveals these patients can accurately discriminate minimal changes in nasal aerodynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of noncoding RNA in allergic rhinitis","authors":"Xiangkun Zhao BS,&nbsp;Yuteng Yang BS,&nbsp;Yaqi Wang BS,&nbsp;Xi Chen BS,&nbsp;Yisong Yao BS,&nbsp;Ting Yuan BS,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Li BS,&nbsp;Yumei Li PhD,&nbsp;Xicheng Song PhD","doi":"10.1002/alr.23461","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.23461","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common respiratory noninfectious diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases, the incidence of which has been increasing in recent years. The main pathological characteristics of AR are repeated inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, mucus hypersecretion, and reversible airway obstruction due to inflammatory cell response. AR occurrence is associated with various factors, including those of genetic and environmental origins. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of RNA molecules that cannot be converted into polypeptides. The three main categories of ncRNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). NcRNAs play a crucial role in controlling gene expression and contribute to the development of numerous human diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Articles are selected based on Pubmed's literature review and the author's personal knowledge. The largest and highest quality studies were included. The search selection is not standardized. Several recent studies have indicated the relationship of ncRNAs with the development of respiratory allergic diseases. NcRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, are important gene expression regulatory factors. We review the expression and function of ncRNAs in AR, their role as disease biomarkers, and their prospective applicability in future research and clinically. We also discuss interactions between ncRNAs and their influence on AR comprehensively, these interactions are essential for determining the underlying pathological mechanisms further and discovering new drug therapeutic targets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>NcRNAs can be used as biomarkers for early AR diagnosis, disease surveillance and prognosis assessment. Various categories of ncRNAs play distinct yet interconnected roles and actively contribute to intricate gene regulatory networks. They are also therapeutic targets and biomarkers in other allergic diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article demonstrates ncRNAs have a wide range of applications in AR treatment. The database covers three key areas: miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. Additionally, potential avenues for future research to facilitate the practical application of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers will be explore. With further research and technological development, ncRNAs may provide additional innovative, effective solutions for AR treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":"14 11","pages":"1757-1775"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S100A9 induces tissue remodeling of human nasal epithelium in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp.","authors":"Sang Hyeon Ahn, Jun Taek Oh, Dae Hyun Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Min-Seok Rha, Hyung-Ju Cho, Chang-Hoon Kim","doi":"10.1002/alr.23460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic inflammation triggers tissue remodeling in human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells. S100A9, a protein secreted by inflammatory cells, exhibits potent proinflammatory activity. However, its effect on HNE cell remodeling, such as squamous metaplasia, remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects and underlying pathways of S100A9 on HNE cell remodeling and investigate its clinical implications in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cultured HNE cells were treated with S100A9. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed to analyze gene ontology (GO). Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were also analyzed. Additionally, immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence were performed on tissue samples obtained from 60 patients, whose clinical informations were also reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GO enrichment analysis indicated that S100A9 induced tissue remodeling in HNE cells toward squamous metaplasia. IPA and KEGG commonly showed that S100A9 affected HNE cells associated with the IL-17 signaling pathway, including target molecules such as matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and small proline-rich protein 2A (SPRR2A). Squamous metaplasia with a marked expression of S100A9 was observed in 50% of CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs). In addition, in multiplex immunofluorescence, the S100A9 in sub-epithelium was co-expressed with myeloperoxidase, a neutrophil marker, and MMP1 and SPRR2A were strongly expressed in epithelial remodeling. Clinically, the expression of S100A9 correlated with sino-nasal outcome test-22 (r = 0.294, p = 0.022) and Lund-Mackay scores (r = 0.348, p = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>S100A9 induces tissue remodeling in HNE cells. Its increased expression in CRSwNP, particularly squamous epithelium, correlates with disease severity. This suggests the clinical potential of S100A9 as a biomarker for CRS severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Increase in the prevalence of follicular regulatory T cells correlates with clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy with house dust mites”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/alr.23465","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.23465","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Murao T, Kouzaki H, Arai H, et al. Increase in the prevalence of follicular regulatory T cells correlates with clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy with house dust mites. &lt;i&gt;Int Forum Allergy Rhinol&lt;/i&gt;. 2024;14:57−67. doi:10.1002/alr.23221&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the article cited above, the authors have determined that the legends for Figures 3 and 5 had incorrect parts, some methods were omitted in the online supplementary materials, and one reference was cited incorrectly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The corrected figure legends appear below; the online supplementary materials have been revised and published online.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;DISCUSSION&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Page 64, right column, second paragraph, line 6: Yao et al.&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; reported that Tfr cells regulate antigen-specific IgE production and that the prevalence and decreased function of Tfr cells recovered following SCIT.&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Should be changed to: Yao et al.&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; reported that Tfr cells regulate antigen-specific IgE production and that the prevalence and decreased function of Tfr cells recovered following SCIT.&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Page 64, right column, second paragraph, line 14: These results are consistent with those of a previous study showing a key role for Tfr cells in SCIT.&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Should be changed to: These results are consistent with those of a previous study showing a key role for Tfr cells in SCIT.&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure legend 3&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Serum concentrations of house dust mite (HDM)–specific IgA, IgE, and IgG4 antibodies. (A) Prior to treatment, the serum concentrations of HDM-specific IgE were significantly higher in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) than in healthy controls (HCs; HC: 0.08 ± 0.01 optimal density [OD] value, AR: 0.99 ± 0.08 OD value), while no significant difference was detected in serum concentrations of HDM-specific IgA (HC: 0.68 ± 0.05 OD value, AR: 0.69 ± 0.04 OD value) and HDM-specific IgG4 (HC: 1.17 ± 0.14 OD value, AR: 1.31 ± 0.15 OD value). (B) Changes in serum concentrations of HDM-specific IgA, IgE, and IgG4 in patients with AR before and after sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Serum concentrations of HDM-specific IgA and IgG4 were significantly increased after 1 year of SLIT; those of HDM-specific IgE did not change significantly after SLIT. Comparisons of data from two independent groups were performed using a two-tailed Mann–Whitney &lt;i&gt;U-&lt;/i&gt;test. Paired data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test. **&lt;i&gt;p &lt;/i&gt;&lt; 0.01, *&lt;i&gt;p &lt;/i&gt;&lt; 0.05; ns, not significant. Where indicated, values are provided as mean ± standard error of the mean.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Figure legend 5&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;(A) Total nasal ocular symptom score (TNOSS) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) before and after sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Both symptom scores were significantly improved after 1 year of SLIT. (B) Correlation between the improvements in TNOSS and VAS scores, and the prevalence of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T-cell subse","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":"14 11","pages":"1838-1839"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/alr.23465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-derived organoid model of olfactory ensheathing cell tumor.","authors":"John B Finlay, Ralph Abi Hachem, Patrick Codd, Bradley J Goldstein","doi":"10.1002/alr.23464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key points: </strong>We developed a culture model of a human olfactory ensheathing cell tumor. Cultured organoids resemble normal ensheathing cells. Assays suggest that this model provides a tool for studying the roles of these glial cells in the maintenance of the peripheral olfactory system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}