International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology最新文献

{"title":"Characterizing the Epithelial Transcriptome of Type-2 High Chronic Rhinosinusitis","authors":"Brian Cameron, Jeffanie Gayoso, Christina Dorismond, Ping Li, Mason Krysinski, Rakesh Chandra, Justin Turner, Naweed Chowdhury","doi":"10.1002/alr.70235","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70235","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, our understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has progressed considerably. CRS is now understood to result largely from aberrant inflammatory processes involving a mixture of Type 1 (T1), Type 2 (T2), and Type 3 (T3) inflammatory pathways, each with associated immune cells and biomarkers, leading to putative endotypes of disease [<span>1, 2</span>]. In Western populations, CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by T2 inflammation and is associated with elevated T2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and tissue eosinophilia. This finding has led to endotype-based treatments, like monoclonal antibodies targeting the T2 inflammatory cascade, which have been shown to significantly improve symptoms and outcomes in treatment-refractory patients [<span>3</span>]. Prior studies have examined gene expression in nasal polyp tissue, identifying T2 and non-T2 endotypes with DEGs including CLC, CPA3, and CCL26 [<span>4</span>], and nasal brushing microarray data from the SINUS-52 trial have identified transcriptional clusters associated with dupilumab response [<span>5</span>]. However, bulk RNA-sequencing of the epithelial surface in cytokine-defined T2-high versus T2-low CRS has not been previously reported. With this study, we aimed to characterize the differential gene expression between T2-high and T2-low CRS to identify genes and pathways that may serve as candidate biomarkers for disease stratification.</p><p>Patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for CRS were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal observational study and followed for a minimum of 6 months. At the beginning of surgery, middle meatal brushings were used to collect superficial nasal epithelial cells. RNA was then extracted and processed as previously described [<span>6</span>]. A multiplex flow cytometric bead assay was used to quantify IL-5 cytokine concentrations from concurrently collected nasal mucus samples from the middle meatus to define a T2 high-inflammatory state.</p><p>Bulk transcriptional reads mapping to the human genome (hg38) were isolated and used for subsequent expression analysis using the limma package, with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) visualized using volcano plots. Gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted using clusterProfiler with the WikiPathways collection reference. Due to statistically significant differences in age, race, and asthma prevalence between groups (Table 1), the DEG and GSEA models were adjusted for these factors. Detailed laboratory and statistical methods are included in the supplement.</p><p>Overall, 84 CRS patients undergoing ESS were included (Table 1). After adjustment for age, race, and asthma, differential expression analysis identified 18 DEGs between T2-high and T2-low CRS, with 11 upregulated and 7 downregulated (Figure 1).</p><p>Among the upregulated genes, cystatin (CST1) demonstrated the largest fold change (logFC = 6.41; 95% CI, 4.70–8.11; <i>p</i><sub>adj</s","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":"16 10","pages":"1206-1209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/alr.70235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Multiple Chemosensory Dysfunction and Cognition","authors":"Michelle Yu,&nbsp;Stephanie M. Horton,&nbsp;Tiffany Chen,&nbsp;Shaun A. Nguyen,&nbsp;Zachary M. Soler,&nbsp;Rodney J. Schlosser","doi":"10.1002/alr.70233","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70233","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key Points</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>This study supports the association between chemosensory dysfunction and cognition.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We introduce methods of assessing trigeminal function with the Medoc TSA-II thermoprobe.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Our results identify an association between subjective trigeminal dysfunction and cognition.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":"16 10","pages":"1198-1201"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/alr.70233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148669427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomic Nerve Fiber Compositions of Zygomaticotemporal and Lacrimal Nerves: A Cadaveric Immunohistochemical Analysis","authors":"Bushra Rahman,&nbsp;Hangil Lee,&nbsp;Kelly A. Shaftel,&nbsp;Abdurrahman Abdurrob,&nbsp;Yusra Mansour,&nbsp;Swapna Vemuri,&nbsp;Jun Jin,&nbsp;Jack P. Rock,&nbsp;John R. Craig","doi":"10.1002/alr.70234","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70234","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Key Points</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Zygomaticotemporal (ZTN) and lacrimal nerves (LN) both carried sympathetics and parasympathetics</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>ZTNs had more parasympathetics than LNs, but markers varied significantly within and between nerves</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>LN parasympathetics to the lacrimal gland may mitigate dry eye after vidian neurectomy</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":"16 10","pages":"1202-1205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/alr.70234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhinosinusitis in Adults Receiving Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitors and Anti-CD20 Therapy: A Scoping Review","authors":"Obadah Tolaymat,&nbsp;John Dewey,&nbsp;Kushal Modi,&nbsp;Omar G. Ahmed,&nbsp;Antoine Azar,&nbsp;Fuad M. Baroody,&nbsp;Regan W. Bergmark,&nbsp;Peter Filip,&nbsp;Kent Lam,&nbsp;Jivianne T. Lee,&nbsp;Sandra Y. Lin,&nbsp;Amber U. Luong,&nbsp;Daniel O'Brien,&nbsp;Hassan H. Ramadan,&nbsp;Lindsey Ryan,&nbsp;Elina Toskala,&nbsp;Chadi A. Makary","doi":"10.1002/alr.70259","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70259","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immunomodulatory therapies, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors and anti-CD20 agents, are often used for autoimmune, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders. While infection risk is well recognized, their association with rhinosinusitis remains poorly characterized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Goal</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To map the existing literature on TNF-α and anti-CD20 agents and rhinosinusitis and to identify emerging clinical patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was performed. Studies that reported sinonasal outcomes in patients receiving TNF-α inhibitors or anti-CD20 agents were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 33 studies were included. The literature was limited and predominantly comprised of case reports and retrospective cohorts. Distinct patterns emerged between drug classes. TNF-α inhibitors were primarily associated with new-onset or severe rhinosinusitis, including opportunistic and invasive fungal infections, often without documented hypogammaglobulinemia. In contrast, anti-CD20 therapy was consistently linked to recurrent bacterial rhinosinusitis within a broader sinopulmonary infection phenotype, frequently accompanied by secondary hypogammaglobulinemia. Several studies reported improvement in infection burden following immunoglobulin replacement therapy. Definitions of rhinosinusitis and outcome reporting were highly heterogeneous across studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immunomodulator-associated rhinosinusitis appears to manifest as two distinct phenotypes: a TNF-α inhibitor related opportunistic infection pattern and an anti-CD20 associated antibody-deficiency phenotype. Prospective studies are needed to define incidence, risk stratification, and optimal screening and management strategies for sinonasal disease in this patient population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":"16 10","pages":"1180-1193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Ancestry Genome-Wide Association Study of Chronic Rhinosinusitis","authors":"Akshay R. Prabhakar,&nbsp;Wajih H. Raza,&nbsp;Justina R. Varghese,&nbsp;Daniel Gorelik,&nbsp;Claire Qu,&nbsp;Renjie Hu,&nbsp;Chadi A. Makary,&nbsp;Brad Verhulst,&nbsp;Xin Fu,&nbsp;Masayoshi Takashima,&nbsp;Omar G. Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/alr.70229","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":"16 10","pages":"1194-1197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148669441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site-Specific Olfactory Cleft Opacification Predicts Olfactory Function and Olfactory Training Outcome in Persistent Postinfection Olfactory Dysfunction","authors":"Yankun Li,&nbsp;Lina Chen,&nbsp;Yunfan Zhang,&nbsp;Chia-Yi Lin,&nbsp;Xincen Jiang,&nbsp;Shilong Sun,&nbsp;Hailing Jiang,&nbsp;Xinyi Ge,&nbsp;Zhidi Zhang,&nbsp;Hongping Fu,&nbsp;Yinghong Zhang,&nbsp;Dawei Wu","doi":"10.1002/alr.70190","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70190","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Persistent postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD) is a prevalent and often refractory condition, with low recovery rates following olfactory training (OT), primarily due to sustained localized inflammation and opacification within the olfactory cleft (OC). However, conventional radiological assessments of OC opacification overlook the vertical distribution of olfactory neuroepithelium, limiting prognostic accuracy. This study introduces a modified subregion computed tomography (CT) scoring system integrated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate OC opacification's role in baseline olfaction and OT efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In this prospective study, 58 adults with persistent PIOD of more than 3 months’ duration were enrolled and completed CT imaging, psychophysical olfactory testing (Sniffin’ Sticks TDI score), and questionnaire assessments. Using a modified scoring system, the OC was segmented on coronal sections into upper (superior one-third) and lower (inferior two-thirds) portions, with three coronal sections assessed in both the anterior and posterior OC. Each section was scored dichotomously (0 for no opacification, 1 for opacification), and bilateral scores were recorded. Unsupervised &lt;i&gt;K&lt;/i&gt;-means clustering identified phenotypes, random forest modeling predicted functional anosmia, and CFD analyzed airflow dynamics. Thirty-one patients completed 3-month OT with follow-up assessments.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;OC opacification was present in 69.0% of persistent PIOD patients, with opacification in the upper posterior OC notably serving as the primary determinant of baseline olfactory function. Random forest analysis further confirmed that upper OC opacification ranked as the top predictor for functional anosmia, with the combined model achieving an area under the curve of 0.920. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct phenotypes, among which the diffuse severe opacification cluster involving upper OC regions was associated with the poorest olfactory function. Although posterior OC opacification was positively correlated with increased airflow velocity ratios (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.570, &lt;i&gt;p &lt;/i&gt;&lt; 0.01) and these ratios were negatively correlated with olfactory scores, OC airflow itself did not significantly mediate the relationship between structure and olfactory function. Only 25.8% of patients achieved clinically meaningful olfactory improvement. Significant improvements were observed in TDI (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001), olfactory threshold (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010), olfactory discrimination (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.028), and olfactory VAS scores (&lt;i&gt;p &lt;/i&gt;&lt; 0.001) after OT. Baseline opacification in posterior-middle sect","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":"16 10","pages":"1152-1167"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148029371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dupilumab Alleviates IL-13-Induced Nasal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction by Regulating Claudin-10 Expression","authors":"Zhi-Qun Huang,&nbsp;Jing Liu,&nbsp;Li-Ying Sun,&nbsp;Qing Luo,&nbsp;Jie-Qing Yu,&nbsp;Li Shen,&nbsp;Yi-Shan Xiong,&nbsp;Ran-Ran Yin,&nbsp;De-Yun Wang,&nbsp;Jing Ye","doi":"10.1002/alr.70179","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70179","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Backgrounds</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nasal epithelial barrier impairment is a crucial pathology in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the mechanisms driving tight junctions (TJs) disruption remain unclear. We aimed to elucidate the role of IL-13 in TJs breakdown and epithelial remodeling, and to evaluate whether dupilumab can restore epithelial integrity under Type-2 inflammatory conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Differentially expressed TJs-related genes were identified by integrating the GSE136825 dataset with clinical samples from 23 healthy controls and 73 CRSwNP patients. The effects of IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-17A, and dupilumab on epithelial barrier function and claudin-10 (CLDN10) expression were investigated in seven human nasal epithelial cells using transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), RT-qPCR, WB, and immunofluorescence. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Spearman's rank correlation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CLDN10 was identified as the most significantly downregulated TJs in CRSwNP and negatively correlated with eosinophil infiltration (<i>r</i> = −0.4414, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). In vitro, IL-13 markedly reduced CLDN10 and TER levels, and induced epithelial remodeling with fewer club cells and ciliated cells and more goblet cells (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, dupilumab effectively mitigated IL-13-induced CLDN10 loss, restored barrier integrity, and normalized epithelial alarmins, including IL-25 and TSLP expression (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>IL-13-driven Type-2 inflammation disrupts nasal epithelial barrier integrity by downregulating CLDN10 and altering epithelial cell differentiation. Dupilumab counteracts these effects by restoring CLDN10 expression and epithelial barrier function, highlighting CLDN10 as a crucial mediator of barrier dysfunction and a potential therapeutic target in CRSwNP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":"16 10","pages":"1115-1124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female-Specific Risk of TAS2R Variants in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study From the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative","authors":"Rong-San Jiang,&nbsp;Man-Wei Hua,&nbsp;I-Chieh Chen,&nbsp;Yi-Ming Chen,&nbsp;Shun-Hung Lin,&nbsp;Kuan-Yu Lai,&nbsp;Yi-Chen Chen","doi":"10.1002/alr.70183","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) function in the innate immune defense of the sinonasal mucosa; however, the genetic association between the <i>TAS2R</i> gene family and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains understudied in Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these genetic variants on CRS susceptibility using a large East Asian Han Chinese genomic database.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective case‒control study analyzed the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative dataset. We included 826 patients with CRS and 8260 control subjects. Controls were screened using ICD codes to exclude other upper airway disorders and were matched 1:10 to cases by age and sex. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for relevant clinical covariates, were used to evaluate the independent effects of <i>TAS2R</i> genetic variants. We also conducted stratified analyses based on biological sex and clinical CRS phenotypes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multivariable analysis identified <i>TAS2R38</i> (rs77730028: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.363, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and <i>TAS2R42</i> (rs1669424: aOR = 1.143, <i>p</i> = 0.039) as independent risk factors for CRS, whereas <i>TAS2R1</i> (rs385: aOR = 0.912, <i>p</i> = 0.019) demonstrated a significant protective effect. Our study revealed a marked sexual dimorphism: these genetic associations were almost exclusively driven by the female cohort (in females, the risk effect of <i>TAS2R38</i> reached an aOR of 1.709, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, with no significant association observed in males). The risk effect of <i>TAS2R38</i> remained consistent across both patients with CRS with nasal polyps and those without nasal polyps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genetic variations within the <i>TAS2R</i> family significantly influence the risk of developing CRS in the Han Chinese population, demonstrating a specific female-driven effect. These findings help classify CRS endotypes and suggest that biological sex should be considered in future precision medicine and targeted therapeutic strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":"16 10","pages":"1133-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/alr.70183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147874019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Eosinophils Across Multiple Paranasal Sinuses Within Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps","authors":"Aris I. Giotakis,&nbsp;Athanasios Ioannidis,&nbsp;Efthymios Kyrodimos,&nbsp;Efthymios Koniaris,&nbsp;Evangelos I. Giotakis,&nbsp;Dimitra Riga","doi":"10.1002/alr.70176","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A single nasal polyp is frequently used for research purposes. We intended to investigate whether a single nasal polyp reflects the total inflammatory load in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We intended to prospectively collect polyps from four sites of 30 subjects during surgery for CRSwNP. We collected the most anterior located polyp and polyps of the posterior ethmoidal area on each side. A pathologist, blinded to the sampling sites, quantified the tissue eosinophilic count in the three most dense high-power fields with hematoxylin and eosin staining. We investigated the coefficient of variation within subjects and compared differences across the four sites with the Friedman's test. Moreover, we examined how many subjects had more or less than 10 eosinophils across all four sites and could be characterized as eosinophilic- or non-eosinophilic CRSwNP according to recent guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean coefficient of variation was high (82%). The tissue eosinophilic count differed significantly across the four sites when sorted from the lowest to the highest tissue eosinophilic count (Friedman's test; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with significant differences between each rank (Wilcoxon signed-rank test; all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The median tissue eosinophilic counts across the four different sites, when sorted from the lowest to the highest rank, were 7, 27, 52, and 161 eosinophils. Only 14 of 30 subjects had more or fewer than 10 eosinophils across all sites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The distribution of eosinophils may differ substantially across the paranasal sinuses. Investigation of a single nasal polyp may not reflect the total inflammatory load.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":"16 10","pages":"1107-1114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptin May Promote Eosinophilic CRSwNP Progression by Enhancing Eosinophil Chemotaxis and Angiogenesis Under a Type 2 Inflammatory Milieu","authors":"Yuki Sonoda,&nbsp;Yohei Sato,&nbsp;Yoshimasa Imoto,&nbsp;Mayumi Tamari,&nbsp;Shigeharu Fujieda","doi":"10.1002/alr.70171","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous Type 2 inflammatory disease characterized by enhanced eosinophilic infiltration. Both innate and adaptive immunity are involved in the onset and progression of CRSwNP. Increased serum leptin levels are associated with various allergic conditions; however, the biological role of leptin in allergic immune cells requires further investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the effects of leptin on immune cells, including eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells, in CRSwNP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leptin was used to stimulate eosinophils and eosinophilic cell lines, followed by analyses of gene expression, migration, and angiogenic capacity. Immunometabolic profile of CRSwNP, serum leptin, and galectin-10 levels were analyzed in conjunction with the gene expression profiles of nasal polyps. Furthermore, the biological effects of leptin on eosinophils were assessed using RNA sequencing and functional analyses, including a transwell migration assay and an angiogenesis assay via co-culture with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increased serum leptin and galectin-10 levels were associated with Type 2 inflammatory markers and correlated with CRSwNP severity. RNA sequencing revealed upregulation of chemokine ligands in eosinophilic cell lines. Leptin induced plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) expression in eosinophils but not in basophils or neutrophils. Leptin pretreatment substantially enhanced migration toward both C–C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 11 and CCL26 in eosinophilic cell lines. The leptin-primed eosinophilic cell line promoted angiogenesis, as demonstrated in co-culture with HUVECs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leptin promotes eosinophil migration and angiogenesis, potentially via chemokine ligands and PAI-1 induction, and may promote CRSwNP progression under a Type 2 inflammatory milieu.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":"16 10","pages":"1094-1106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/alr.70171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}