International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy in Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Tumors: The Case for DOTATATE PET Over FDG PET.","authors":"Michael Sabbaj, Anandraj Kanwar, Jessica W Grayson, Nyall R London, Shirley Y Su, Carl H Snyderman, Brian D Thorp, Dennis Tang, David Gudis, Eric W Wang, Edward C Kuan, Garett W Choby, Mathew Geltzeiler","doi":"10.1002/alr.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that arise from neuroendocrine cells and commonly originate in the GI tract, lungs, and pancreas, but can also present in the skull base and paranasal sinuses. While fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) scans are routinely used in the evaluation of sinonasal malignancies, their limitations in detecting recurrences near the cranium and cervical lymph node metastases in NETs such as olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) and sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinomas (SNEC) have prompted the search for an alternative imaging modality. Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is a membrane-bound G protein expressed in several types of neuroendocrine and neural cells. Notably, it is also expressed almost ubiquitously in ONB and SNEC. Gallium-68 DOTATATE PET scans (68Ga-DOTATATE) utilize a somatostatin analog as a targeting imaging modality. The efficacy of 68Ga-DOTATATE scan has been well established for gastrointestinal NETs, but its place in head and neck cancers is still under investigation. Importantly, SSTR2 expression also opens avenues for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), further broadening its clinical utility. Given the limitations of FDG PET scans, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans should be incorporated into routine practice when staging and monitoring for recurrences in ONB and SNEC.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Older Adults With Olfactory Dysfunction.","authors":"Mark A Eckert, Judy R Dubno, Zachary M Soler, Rodney J Schlosser","doi":"10.1002/alr.23639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poor vascular health has been associated with age-related declines in sensory functions, including olfaction. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that cerebral small vessel disease underlies poor olfactory function due to structural declines in brain regions that support olfaction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 166 older adults (mean age = 65.16, ±9.10 years; 68% female) whose olfactory function was measured using the Sniffin' Sticks test. Cerebral small vessel disease was defined as the volume of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesions that were measured in T2-weighted images. Morphometry analyses were also performed to identify cortical regions that were both disconnected by WMH and had lower cortical thickness in participants with relatively poor olfaction, and in comparison, to hearing difficulty that has also been linked to vascular disease. Self-reported hearing difficulty was measured using the Revised Hearing Handicap Inventory (RHHI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher WMH volume was significantly and uniquely associated with poorer olfactory function or more hearing difficulty (bivariate associations ps ≤ 0.001). Poorer olfactory function, but not more hearing difficulty, was significantly associated with evidence of disconnected cortex where there was also lower cortical thickness within olfactory cortex and other brain regions that support memory and executive functions. These effects appeared to occur with lower episodic memory and slower processing speed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Together, the results indicate that small vessel disease increases the risk for olfactory or hearing difficulties, and that the former occurs with tissue losses that may explain, in part, why age-related olfactory dysfunction occurs with cognitive declines.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"e23639"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concerns on Sleep Assessment Complexity and Nasal Resistance Effects in Empty Nose Syndrome.","authors":"Hsiang-An Hsueh, Ta-Jen Lee, Li-Pang Chuang, Chi-Che Huang, Yi-Wei Chen, Po-Hung Chang, Chia-Chen Wu, Ya-Cheng Tang, Chia-Hsiang Fu","doi":"10.1002/alr.23632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23632","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"e23632"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective PAR2 Inhibition Attenuates HDM-Induced Th1/Th2 Responses in Human Epithelial and Murine Models of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma.","authors":"Miran Kang, Yohan Seo, Ju Hee Seo, Yeonsu Jeong, Hyejin Jeon, Su-Myeong Jang, Chang-Hoon Kim, Wan Namkung, Hyung-Ju Cho","doi":"10.1002/alr.23623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are involved in complex interactions between Th1 and Th2 inflammatory pathways. House dust mite (HDM) activates protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) to trigger inflammatory responses, but current treatments often provide inadequate control.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of selective PAR2 inhibition on Th1 and Th2 responses in human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells and murine models of AR and asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined the effects of selective PAR2 inhibition using primary HNE cells and HDM-induced mouse models (PAR2-wild-type [PAR2-wt] and knockout [PAR2-ko]). Analyses included inflammatory signaling pathways, cytokine profiles, airway responses, histopathology, and transcriptomics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In HNE cells, PAR2 inhibition suppressed Th2 (interleukin [IL]-33, TSLP) and Th1 (TNF-α, IL-6) inflammatory cytokines while inhibiting calcium mobilization and ERK/NF-κB signaling cascades. In PAR2-wt mice, treatment with the PAR2 inhibitor reduced HDM-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE), airway hyperresponsiveness, and allergic inflammation in both nasal and bronchial tissues, matching the anti-inflammatory profile of PAR2-ko mice. Bulk RNA sequencing confirmed comprehensive suppression of inflammatory gene expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Selective PAR2 inhibition effectively attenuates HDM-induced allergic inflammation by modulation of Th1 and Th2 pathways in human airway epithelium and murine models. We suggest that PAR2 can be a possible target for AR and asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"e23623"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olfactory Impairment and Incident Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Brian Sheng Yep Yeo, Harris Jun Jie Muhammad Danial Song, Benjamin Kye Jyn Tan, Adithya Suresh, Owen Tsung Wen Ho, Jun He Chan, Esther Yanxin Gao, Claire Jing-Wen Tan, Chong Boon Teo, Christopher Li-Hsian Chen, Laura Tay, Ecosse L Lamoureux, Thomas Hummel, Anna See, Shuhui Xu, Song Tar Toh, Tze Choong Charn, Neville Wei Yang Teo","doi":"10.1002/alr.23635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Olfactory impairment (OI) is associated with poor ageing outcomes. While cross-sectional studies found a high prevalence of OI among patients with neurodegenerative diseases, the temporal relationship remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to synthesise the longitudinal association of OI with cognitive decline (CD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched through August 9, 2024 for longitudinal studies reporting on self-reported and objectively measured OI in adults, in association with CD, measured using validated methods. The outcome of interest was incident CD. Independent authors extracted data, assessed for bias and graded the strength of evidence. A mixed-effects meta-analysis with subgroup, sensitivity and bias analyses was conducted. The population-attributable fraction (PAF) of OI-associated CD was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 48 articles and 37,783 participants. OI patients had a 2.06-fold greater risk of any CD (risk ratio [RR] = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.87‒2.26, I² = 0%), compared to individuals with normal olfaction. Patients with severe OI had a higher risk of any CD (RR = 2.60; 95% CI = 2.12‒3.20, I² = 0%) than patients with moderate OI (RR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.23‒1.85, I² = 0%). The risk of any CD increased by 18% per 10% decrease in olfactory score (RR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.14‒1.22, I² = 24%) and by 15% per point decrement on the Sniffin' Sticks Odor Identification Test (RR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.11‒1.18, I² = 0%). These results remained robust to supplementary analyses. The PAF of OI-associated incident CD was 18%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OI may increase the risk of CD, with poorer olfaction linked to greater risks. OI should be assessed as a potential cognitive screening tool, and cognitive screening should be considered in patients with long-standing OI.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"e23635"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between US Wildfires and Health Care Utilization for Acute Rhinosinusitis.","authors":"Lirit Levi, Amir Levi, Maxime Fieux, Esther Velasquez, Riley Hue Vo, David Grimm, Peter H Hwang","doi":"10.1002/alr.23630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wildfires (WF), a major contributor to air pollution including ambient particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), have been shown to increase the risk of developing sinonasal diseases. This study assesses the impact of WF on health care claims for acute rhinosinusitis (ARS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing national WF geospatial records and EPA-based smoke-PM2.5 databases, we identified core-based statistical areas (CBSAs) affected by WF >50,000 acres, occurring between 2014 and 2019. We correlated WF events with MarketScan health care claims data, calculating daily outpatient visit proportions relative to total visits per CBSA for ARS, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), rhinitis, and asthma. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) by comparing visit proportions in pre-WF versus post-WF periods, adjusted for seasonality by comparison to non-WF periods in the same CBSAs. Cross-correlation (CC) analysis was conducted to determine the temporal relationship between daily smoke-PM2.5 and ARS-visit proportions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen WFs events from nine CBSAs were captured, yielding 2.22 M claims. ARS visit proportions increased in the 2 months post-WF periods, with an RR of 1.17 (confidence interval = 1.12‒1.22). CRS and rhinitis showed no significant increase in RR. Control analysis (2.08 M claims) yielded an RR of 0.97 (0.93‒1.082) for non-WF ARS-visit proportions. CC analysis indicated a significant correlation (0.4 ± 0.04; p < 0.001) with a lag of 33 ± 3 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>WF smoke exposure is associated with increased health care utilization for ARS in the 2 months post-exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"e23630"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extent of Resection and Role of Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Olfactory Neuroblastoma Without Definite Radiologic Evidence of Dural Invasion.","authors":"Tae-Bin Won, Minju Kim, Sung-Woo Cho, Doo Hee Han, Hyun Jik Kim, Dong-Young Kim, Chae-Seo Rhee, Kihwan Hwang, Sun Ha Paek","doi":"10.1002/alr.23625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the impact of the extent of resection and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) on treatment outcomes in patients with early-stage olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) without definite dural invasion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of ONB cases from two centers within a single institution between 1992 and 2023 was performed. Clinicopathologic data included tumor stage, grade, treatment modalities, margin status, follow-up time, and survival. Survival outcomes, including overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and local recurrence-free survival (LFS), were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 118 ONB patients, 38 were included in the final cohort, with most (76.3%) classified as modified Kadish (mKadish) stage A or B. The 10-year DFS and LFS rates were 68.5% and 89.7%, respectively. No local recurrence occurred in patients who underwent transdural resection with negative margins, regardless of adjuvant RT. Extradural resection with adjuvant RT significantly improved LFS compared to extradural resection alone (log-rank p = 0.032). Pathologic dura involvement was identified in four (19.0%) of 21 patients who underwent transdural resection. No significant difference in oncologic outcomes between unilateral and bilateral resections was observed when transdural resection was performed for unilateral disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transdural resection with negative surgical margins, regardless of adjuvant RT, or extradural resection with adjuvant RT, demonstrated excellent local control. Extradural resection alone was associated with a higher risk of local recurrence. Unilateral transdural resection can be feasible for unilateral disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"e23625"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter Regarding Article, \"Efficacy and Safety of Omalizumab Combined With Allergen Immunotherapy in Children With Moderate to Severe Allergic Asthma\".","authors":"Wenxin Shen, Qianlan Zhou, Qinzhen Zhang, Lina Han, Li Chen, Xiaowen Li, Bing Dai, Si Liu, Lishen Shan","doi":"10.1002/alr.23637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23637","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"e23637"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Omalizumab Combined With Allergen Immunotherapy in Children With Moderate to Severe Allergic Asthma: Limitations and Future Directions.","authors":"Yitong Weng, Bing Ji","doi":"10.1002/alr.23636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23636","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"e23636"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BDNF as a Key Mediator in Eosinophilic Inflammation in CRSwNP: Insights From Transcriptomic and Functional Analysis.","authors":"Qinqin Zhang, Jian Jiao, Sicen Pan, Ting He, Mengyan Zhuang, Yuan Zhang, Ying Li, Xiangdong Wang, Luo Zhang","doi":"10.1002/alr.23628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disorder characterized by eosinophil-driven pathology. While neurotrophins, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have been implicated in eosinophilic inflammation in allergic conditions, their involvement in CRSwNP remains undefined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bulk-RNA sequencing of 23 nasal mucosa samples and ELISA quantification of 95 nasal secretions were conducted to evaluate BDNF expression across CRSwNP endotypes and its correlation with eosinophil infiltration and clinical severity. Cellular BDNF sources were mapped using immunofluorescence staining and single-cell RNA sequencing. Primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) were stimulated to investigate cytokine-mediated BDNF regulation, while recombinant BDNF was applied to assess its functional effects on eosinophil survival, activation, and migration via flow cytometry and transwell assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transcriptomic profiling linked BDNF to Th2-skewed and eosinophilic inflammation signatures. Tissue and secretory BDNF levels were elevated in eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRSwNP) versus controls, showing strong correlations with eosinophil infiltration and disease severity. BDNF level in nasal secretion demonstrated moderate diagnostic accuracy for ECRSwNP. IL-4/IL-13 stimulation upregulated BDNF via JAK/STAT signaling in HNECs. Exogenous BDNF enhanced eosinophil survival and migration through its high-affinity receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study positions BDNF as a key orchestrator of epithelial‒eosinophil crosstalk in CRSwNP, perpetuating inflammation through Th2-primed BDNF secretion and eosinophil persistence. Therapeutic modulation of this axis may offer novel precision strategies for eosinophilic CRSwNP management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"e23628"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}