International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology最新文献

{"title":"Limitations of Balloon Sinuplasty in AERD: A Registry-Based Analysis of Clinical Outcomes and Socioeconomic Trends.","authors":"Jamie Rosado Alicea, Francesca M Azevedo, Kathleen M Buchheit, Shravan Asthana, Stella E Lee, Benjamin Bleier, Tanya M Laidlaw, Alan D Workman","doi":"10.1002/alr.70261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.70261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key points: </strong>Balloon sinuplasty in AERD is linked to higher lifetime sinus surgical burden. History of balloon sinuplasty in AERD patients is tied to worse current sinonasal symptoms. Balloon procedure AERD patients resided in more socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed Sinonasal Complications After Frontal Sinus Setback in Facial Feminization Surgery: A Retrospective Case Series From a Single Tertiary Care Center.","authors":"Omer Baker, Clifford He, Claire Perrin, Vivienne Li, Vanessa Ho, Farhoud Faraji, Carol H Yan, Amanda A Gosman, Adam S DeConde","doi":"10.1002/alr.70242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.70242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interspecies Biofilm Dynamics Among Staphylococci: Inflammatory Contributions to Chronic Rhinosinusitis.","authors":"Sintayehu Ambachew, Mahnaz Ramezanpour, Clare M Cooksley, Sholeh Feizi, Muhammed Awad, Kevin Aaron Fenix, Peter-John Wormald, Alkis J Psaltis, Sarah Vreugde","doi":"10.1002/alr.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Staphylococcus species are frequently isolated from the sinonasal niche of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients. While Staphylococcus aureus is often associated with recalcitrant CRS, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus lugdunensis are largely deemed commensal. The purpose of this study was to investigate interspecies interactions and how those might influence inflammation and susceptibility to antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve staphylococcal isolates were harvested from six CRS patients, each infected with S. aureus and S. epidermidis, or with S. aureus and S. lugdunensis. Bacteria were cultured to allow biofilm formation in direct and indirect interspecies interactions, followed by measuring their biofilm biomass, antibiotic sensitivity, and toxicity and inflammatory potential when applied to human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>S. epidermidis produced up to 7.4-fold higher biomass than S. aureus in monocultures, with a reduction in S. epidermidis biomass under indirect coculture conditions with S. aureus biofilm (p < 0.05). In contrast, the biofilm biomass values of both S. lugdunensis and S. aureus were higher under indirect coculture conditions compared to monocultures for 2/3 paired isolates (p < 0.05). S. epidermidis monocultures and S. aureus/S. epidermidis cocultures were less toxic to HNECs than S. aureus monocultures. S. aureus and S. lugdunensis monocultures and S. aureus/S. lugdunensis cocultures induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and toxicity to a similar extent versus controls. An increased tolerance to amoxicillin was observed for 2/3 S. epidermidis biofilm and for 3/3 S. lugdunensis biofilm when in indirect contact with S. aureus biofilm (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, staphylococcal interactions were highly strain specific, with S. aureus influencing the biofilm-forming capacity and increasing the tolerance to amoxicillin of both S. epidermidis and S. lugdunensis. S. epidermidis but not S. lugdunensis could mitigate S. aureus induced epithelial cytotoxicity. These findings support the complex nature of interactions among staphylococci with S. aureus and potentially S. lugdunensis having a pathogenic role and S. epidermidis a protective role within polymicrobial biofilms. Our findings have implications for the inflammatory potential and response to therapy of mixed biofilms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"956-967"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the 40-Item Smell Identification Test in People With Cystic Fibrosis.","authors":"Eugene Oh, Jessa E Miller, Michelle J Lee, Anna Zemke, David Baraghoshi, Matthew J Strand, Jeremiah A Alt, Todd E Bodner, Michael Chang, Naweed I Chowdhury, Patricia H Eshaghian, Anne E Getz, Jennifer L Goralski, David A Gudis, Peter H Hwang, Ashoke Khanwalkar, Adam J Kimple, Jivianne T Lee, Douglas A Li, Jess C Mace, Jayakar V Nayak, Jonathan B Overdevest, Zara Patel, Daniella K Safatian, Rodney J Schlosser, Brent Senior, Amanda L Stapleton, Timothy L Smith, Zachary M Soler, Jeffrey D Suh, Grant A Turner, Marilene B Wang, Milene T Saavedra, Jennifer L Taylor-Cousar, Daniel M Beswick","doi":"10.1002/alr.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and olfactory dysfunction (OD) are highly prevalent among people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) and negatively impact quality of life. The 40-item Smell Identification Test (SIT) is widely used to assess psychophysical olfaction, but a CF-specific minimal clinically important difference (MCID) has not been established. This study aimed to determine the SIT MCID in PwCF treated with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) and/or endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from three prospective, multi-institutional observational studies were pooled. Participants were ≥12 years old with confirmed CF and CRS who completed SIT at baseline and ≥1 follow-up (3, 6, 9, 12, or 24 months). Distribution-based MCIDs were calculated using four methods: standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC = 1.96 × SEM), 0.5 × baseline standard deviation (SD), and 0.5 × SD of change scores (ΔSD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 122 participants were enrolled (mean age 32.9 years, 54% female). Of these, 99 contributed follow-up SIT scores (79 ETI, 20 ESS). SIT scores remained stable with ETI, with a small but statistically significant decline at 6 months (-1.4, p = 0.02). ESS was associated with mean gains of 3.1-4.5 points at early follow-up, though these did not reach significance. Pooled distribution-based MCID estimates ranged from 2 to 4 points, with an overall threshold of 3.1 (95% CI: 2.1-4.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This CF-specific SIT threshold provides a clinically interpretable cut-off for assessing olfaction. These findings establish a foundation for future work and highlight the importance of developing disease-specific MCIDs to guide clinical care and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"924-930"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147456912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Effect of Budesonide Nasal Irrigation in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps Without Prior Sinus Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study\".","authors":"Zusheng Du, Huikang Wang, Yu Zhang, Xicheng Song","doi":"10.1002/alr.70247","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70247","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"1058-1059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm Exoproteins From Staphylococcus Species Impede Re-Epithelialization of Nasal Epithelial Cells During Wound Healing and Cease Ciliary Beat Frequency.","authors":"Sintayehu Ambachew, Mahnaz Ramezanpour, Clare M Cooksley, Emma F Barry, Lindsay Durr, Kevin Aaron Fenix, P J Wormald, Alkis J Psaltis, Sarah Vreugde","doi":"10.1002/alr.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease with many different contributing factors, including bacterial infection. CRS patients are typically managed with medical therapies; however, these treatments frequently fail, leaving surgery as the only viable option. Despite surgical intervention, patients may experience ongoing clinical manifestations of inflammation and infection, frequently associated with Staphylococcus species colonization. This study explored the influence of Staphylococcus on the wound healing process and ciliary function in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Exoproteins were extracted from biofilm forms of 15 Staphylococcus isolates obtained from five patients (4 CRS and 1 control patient), each colonized by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) were cultured in monolayers for wound healing assays and at an air-liquid interface (ALI) for ciliary beat frequency measurements. Wound closure, cytotoxicity, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release were measured after 30 h post-wound creation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biofilm exoproteins from all three Staphylococcus species hindered the re-epithelialization of HNECs at 5 and 10 µg/mL with S. aureus exoproteins having significantly stronger effects on impairing wound closure compared to S. lugdunensis exoproteins. S. aureus exerted the most pronounced cytotoxic effect compared to the control. Furthermore, all Staphylococcus species reduced ROS release by HNECs while S. epidermidis and S. lugdunensis induced higher IL-6 levels compared to control. In HNEC-ALI cultures, ciliary beat frequency was significantly reduced by all staphylococci 5 h after application of exoproteins.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Staphylococcal biofilm exoproteins hindered mucociliary function and re-epithelialization of the nasal epithelium, caused cytotoxicity, elicited inflammation, and concurrently reduced ROS release.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"942-955"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Surgical Extent Before Biologic Therapy for CRSwNP.","authors":"Alison J Yu, Kristina A LaPointe, Kaitlyn Ann Roberts, Michelle Yu, James N Palmer, Alan D Workman, Jose L Mattos, Rodney J Schlosser, Zachary M Soler","doi":"10.1002/alr.70220","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key points: </strong>Nearly two-thirds of patients had no surgery or incomplete sinus surgery before biologics. Among all sinuses, the frontal sinus was the least frequently addressed before biologics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"1043-1045"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of Parosmia Preferentially Influences Longitudinal Improvement of Quality of Life in C19OD.","authors":"Tiana M Saak, Jeremy P Tervo, Brandon J Vilarello, Patricia T Jacobson, Francesco F Caruana, Liam W Gallagher, David A Gudis, Davangere P Devanand, Jonathan B Overdevest","doi":"10.1002/alr.70149","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persistent COVID-associated olfactory dysfunction (C19OD) negatively impacts quality of life (QoL). This prospective longitudinal cohort study sought to determine which aspects of chemosensory recovery may preferentially influence QoL improvement in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals with C19OD (N = 100) completed chemosensory and QoL assessment with Sniffin' Sticks, Taste Assessment, Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (QOD-NS), and QOD-PAR at baseline and 1 year. Multivariable analyses assessed baseline and longitudinal associations between chemosensory dysfunction and QOD-NS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>QoL associated with TDI (Coef.; [CI]; p-value: -0.32; [-0.62, -0.032]; 0.030), threshold (-0.82; [-1.5, -0.14]; 0.019), QOD-Par (-1.0; [-0.20, -1.9]; 0.016), and self-reported gustatory dysfunction (GD) (-7.4; [-14, -0.46]; 0.037) at baseline assessment, though quantitative GD did not associate with QoL. Longitudinally, improvements in discrimination (-1.2; [-2.3, -0.18]; 0.023) and QOD-Par (-2.5; [-0.99, -4.1]; 0.002) scores were associated with improved QoL. Individuals with improved parosmia symptoms experienced a 12.86 (12.99, 0.040) QOD-NS point improvement from baseline compared to 5.91 (7.98, < 0.001) for those with persistent parosmia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Independent of mental health, chemosensory function independently drives QoL in C19OD. Parosmia, low odor threshold, and patient-reported GD are all associated with poorer QoL at baseline. Longitudinally, the ability to differentiate among odors is an important correlate of improvement of smell-related QoL in C19OD patients, while parosmia is the strongest driver of longitudinal recovery of smell-related QoL in C19OD. Trending domain-specific olfactory performance in C19OD may allow for improved patient counseling and QoL prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"968-976"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to: Malik MMUD on Early and Sustained Improvements in Sense of Smell With Tezepelumab Treatment in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps (WAYPOINT).","authors":"Joaquim Mullol, Joseph K Han, Tanya M Laidlaw, Claire Hopkins, Anju T Peters, Oliver Pfaar, Martin Desrosiers, Stella E Lee, Andrew P Lane, Claudia Chen, Yun Chon, Sandhia S Ponnarambil, Andrew Foster, Andrew W Lindsley, Christopher S Ambrose","doi":"10.1002/alr.70240","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"1060-1061"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extent of Sinus Surgery Is Associated With Disease Control in Biologic Treated Type 2 Dominant CRS.","authors":"Nicholas J Campion, Peta-Lee Sacks, Lu Hui Png, Ruoxin Hua, Rhea Darbari Kaul, Raquel Alvarado, Christine Choy, Raymond Sacks, Peter Earls, Raewyn G Campbell, Larry Kalish, Richard J Harvey","doi":"10.1002/alr.70166","DOIUrl":"10.1002/alr.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A greater benefit of biologics is observed after surgery in Type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the extent of surgery remains undefined in many studies. This study evaluated the extent of surgery on disease control in patients receiving biologics for refractory Type 2 dominant CRSwNP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was performed on patients with CRSwNP treated with biologics for ≥ 6 months at a tertiary center. All patients had undergone prior sinus surgery, which included a sphenoethmoidectomy and then extension via Draf I, IIa, IIb, IIc, or III. Disease control was defined as having a SNOT-22 ≤ 30, endoscopic modified Lund-Mackay ≤ 4, and the absence of rescue therapy within 6 months. Comparisons were made across surgical and biologic groups, and logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with disease control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 159 patients were assessed (age 50.9 ± 12.8 years, 45.3% female). Disease control was achieved in 49.1% of patients. Disease control was greater with extended surgery (Draf III 60.8% [49.7%-70.8%] vs. Draf IIc 68.3% [53.0%-80.4%] vs. Draf IIa 8.7% [2.4%-26.8%] vs. Draf I 0% [0.0%-19.4%]; p < 0.001). The control was similar across biologic types (anti-IL-4αR 63.3% [45.5%-78.1%] vs. anti-IL-5/5R 45.7% [37.3%-54.3%]; p = 0.083). On regression, extended surgery (Draf III + IIc) was associated with disease control (Draf III/IIc vs. Draf IIa/I OR: 110.2 [12.7-14,682.5]) but not biologic type (anti-IL-4αR vs. anti-IL-5/5R OR: 2.2 [0.7-7.2]). However, class switching had already occurred in 15.1% of patients initially treated with anti-IL-5/5R.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Disease control was greatest in CRSwNP patients who had both extended sinus surgery and optimized biologic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13716,"journal":{"name":"International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology","volume":" ","pages":"986-995"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147645262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}