Theresa Bauer , Weronika Grabowska , Miriam Ortiz , Judith Bellmann-Strobl , Ute Engelhardt , Rainer Nögel , Josef Hummelsberger , Andreas Michalsen , Stephanie Roll , Barbara Stöckigt , Hosnya Batram , Anna Mietzner , Carmen Scheibenbogen , Stefan N. Willich , Friedemann Paul , Benno Brinkhaus , Joanna Dietzel
{"title":"Self-medication and off-label prescribing in post COVID-19 syndrome: Baseline data of a randomized acupressure and qigong trial","authors":"Theresa Bauer , Weronika Grabowska , Miriam Ortiz , Judith Bellmann-Strobl , Ute Engelhardt , Rainer Nögel , Josef Hummelsberger , Andreas Michalsen , Stephanie Roll , Barbara Stöckigt , Hosnya Batram , Anna Mietzner , Carmen Scheibenbogen , Stefan N. Willich , Friedemann Paul , Benno Brinkhaus , Joanna Dietzel","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Post COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), characterized by persistent fatigue and multi-systemic symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, emerged as a clinical challenge with limited treatment options and high patient burden. This paper presents the medication history and clinical baseline characteristics of PCS patients recruited in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients who reported PCS symptoms of ≥12 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection and who met defined fatigue criteria were included in this study. At baseline we assessed among others demographic data, symptom burden, medication history including off-label drug use, dietary supplements, and complementary self-help strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Altogether 235 adult PCS-patients were recruited between June 2022 and June 2023. The study population (mean age 42.1 years, 85.1 % female) reported a mean PCS duration of 56.4 weeks, with 74 % on sick leave. Patients frequently used off-label medications (e.g. antihistamines 9.4 %), supplements (vitamin D 53.6 %, minerals 50.2 %), and herbal medicine products (32.3 %). Most PCS patients had prior experience with complementary medicine. Correlations between fatigue and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) were modest but notable. No strong associations were found between fatigue and age, sex, PCS duration, or vaccination status.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PCS-patients suffered from long-term complaints that led to a long period of sick leave and resorted to diverse, largely unproven therapeutic strategies amid clinical uncertainty. This baseline analysis highlights the unmet needs of PCS patients. Understanding these baseline patterns is essential for optimizing care pathways and patient-centered management strategies in PCS.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>Clinicaltrial.gov (NCT05289154).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Article 101197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Naming the unseen: Rethinking the ontology of acupoints","authors":"Beomku Kang, Younbyoung Chae","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Article 101198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuhang Liu , Mingzhu Sun , Yixuan Wang , Yingchen Li , Ziliang Zhang , Liujie Ren , Wei Yao , Yi Yu
{"title":"Mast cell degranulation mediates analgesic effects of acupuncture at different stimulation durations in arthritic rats","authors":"Yuhang Liu , Mingzhu Sun , Yixuan Wang , Yingchen Li , Ziliang Zhang , Liujie Ren , Wei Yao , Yi Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To understand the effect and mechanism of different acupuncture durations on analgesic effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model evaluated the therapeutic effects of acupuncture at the Zusanli acupoint (ST36). A robotic arm provided stable lifting-thrusting stimulation for different durations (2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min). Mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were measured before and after treatment to assess the analgesic effects. Additionally, tissue sections from ST36 were stained and analyzed to assess mast cell degranulation rates, and in vitro stretching experiments were performed at different stretching times (0–60 min) to measure the release of histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and leukotrienes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Within the 30 min acupuncture duration range set in this study, the pain threshold recovery rate in rats exhibited a steady upward trend as the acupuncture duration gradually increased, reaching its optimal level between 20 and 30 min. The mast cell degranulation rate exhibited a similar time-related trend, reaching 80–90 % at 20–30 min. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the pain threshold recovery rate and mast cell degranulation rate. In the cell-stretching experiment, the release of biochemical mediators was time-dependent.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In the adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model, the analgesic effect observed at 20–30 min was superior to that observed at shorter durations, which was associated with the mast cell degranulation rate and release of biochemical mediators in the tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Article 101196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cochrane reviews of acupuncture are dated, do not account for the specific effects of sham controls and likely underestimate the efficacy of acupuncture therapy","authors":"Arya Nielsen , L. Susan Wieland","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Because Cochrane reviews represent a quality standard for systematic reviews, we sought to clarify to what extent Cochrane reviews of acupuncture characterize the potential and problematic specific effects of sham acupuncture.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We imported records of Cochrane acupuncture reviews into Covidence and independently selected reviews with at least one included study comparing manual acupuncture to sham acupuncture. Dual data extraction for eligible reviews included review author expertise, evaluation of intervention adequacy, use of STRICTA guidelines, characterization of sham methods, and whether specific effects of sham were discussed relative to needle penetration, point selection or use of a sham device.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 56 reviews with acupuncture in the title, 16 were ineligible. Of the 40 included reviews, 28 were published in or before 2018. Most reviews had an author with acupuncture trial expertise; however, assessment of intervention adequacy was rarely conducted, STRICTA guidelines were rarely utilized, and reporting of sham acupuncture methods was commonly either missing or lacking rigor. While 20/40 reviews acknowledged the controversy regarding sham as an active and therefore inadequate control, no reviews incorporated this into their conclusions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Most Cochrane reviews of acupuncture therapy are dated and are also not current relative to the science of acupuncture biomechanism and the impact of ‘active’ sham arms. The handling of sham controls, combined with a lack of evaluation of verum intervention adequacy, contravenes a clear research standard and indicates that the efficacy of acupuncture is likely underestimated in Cochrane reviews.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Article 101195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vibhuti S. Rao , Sabrina Gupta , Mike Armour , Birinder S. Cheema , Caroline A Smith , Lisa Moran , Vandana Baranwal , Carolyn Ee
{"title":"Perspectives and dietary management of excess weight in polycystic ovary syndrome: A focus group study with clinicians of traditional Indian medicine","authors":"Vibhuti S. Rao , Sabrina Gupta , Mike Armour , Birinder S. Cheema , Caroline A Smith , Lisa Moran , Vandana Baranwal , Carolyn Ee","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) use traditional medicines such as Ayurveda (traditional Indian medicine) to manage their symptoms. Dietary and lifestyle advice is one of the major components of Ayurveda treatment, however, it remains unexplored. This study aimed to understand the perspectives of Ayurveda clinicians regarding PCOS and excess weight, and its management through diet and lifestyle.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A qualitative methodology was implemented using online focus group discussion. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis. Ayurveda clinicians who fulfilled the predefined eligibility criteria were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ten eligible Ayurveda clinicians participated in the focus group. Five categories with relevant sub-categories were identified: characteristics of women visiting Ayurveda clinicians; Ayurveda clinical toolkit for understanding clinical presentations; Ayurveda dietary approach to managing excess weight; advice related to dietary adjustments; and advice related to eating and lifestyle behaviours. Overall, most clinicians agree that an Ayurveda dietary approach is personalized, and tailored to the health needs, primarily based on Ayurveda assessment and the clinical presentation of an individual with PCOS and excess weight.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Consistent with ‘Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of PCOS’ Ayurveda clinicians advocate for a cultural-specific, lifelong healthy lifestyle for optimum management of PCOS beyond weight reduction. Ayurveda lifestyle counselling provides extensive insights into holistic food and lifestyle practices that individuals may adapt to their day-to-day lives. Further research may utilize consensus methods to explore potential dietary interventions and assess their effectiveness and adaptability in women with PCOS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Article 101184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeremy Y. Ng , Dimity Stephen , Jianping Liu , Thomas Ostermann , Nicola Robinson , Holger Cramer
{"title":"Bibliometrics and altmetrics in the context of traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine","authors":"Jeremy Y. Ng , Dimity Stephen , Jianping Liu , Thomas Ostermann , Nicola Robinson , Holger Cramer","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This educational article explores the utility of bibliometrics and altmetrics in evaluating traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) research. We introduce the concept of bibliometrics and altmetrics, provide an overview of the opportunities and challenges in using these analytical techniques, and highlight their future potential in TCIM research. Bibliometrics, based on publication and citation information, offer insights into TCIM research activity, output, scholarly influence, field structure, and collaboration practices. Altmetrics, including social media mentions, downloads, and online bookmarks, can capture the broader societal engagement with TCIM research beyond traditional academic circles. We discuss challenges and opportunities in utilizing these metrics effectively, such as addressing biases, incorporating cultural nuances, and exploring emerging trends. Additionally, we issue a call to action for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to collaborate and leverage bibliometric and altmetric data to advance evidence-based healthcare practices to promote integrative approaches to health and wellness. By embracing a multidimensional approach to research evaluation, stakeholders can harness the potential of bibliometrics and altmetrics to improve TCIM research and healthcare delivery worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Article 101181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun-Yong Choi , Bom Choi , Ojin Kwon , Chang-Seob Seo , Ae-Ran Kim , Hyeun-kyoo Shin , Kibong Kim
{"title":"Corrigendum to: “Efficacy and safety of herbal medicine Gongjin-Dan and Ssanghwa-Tang in patients with chronic fatigue: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial” Integr Med Res 2024;13:101025","authors":"Jun-Yong Choi , Bom Choi , Ojin Kwon , Chang-Seob Seo , Ae-Ran Kim , Hyeun-kyoo Shin , Kibong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 4","pages":"Article 101175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Mockler , Yun-Ju Fang , U-Ter Aondo Jia , Jinho Park , Joo Hyun Kim , Yoonjung Park , Adam J. Chicco , Masataka Umeda , Sukho Lee , Eunhee Chung
{"title":"Acupuncture treatment preserves soleus muscle mass and improves mitochondrial function in a rat model of disuse atrophy","authors":"Sarah Mockler , Yun-Ju Fang , U-Ter Aondo Jia , Jinho Park , Joo Hyun Kim , Yoonjung Park , Adam J. Chicco , Masataka Umeda , Sukho Lee , Eunhee Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Muscle atrophy leads to debilitating loss of physical capacity, particularly when alternative treatments are needed. Acupuncture is proposed as a potential therapy for disuse atrophy, but its effects on muscle biology remain unclear. This study evaluated the effects of acupuncture on soleus muscle mass and mitochondrial function in a rat model of immobilization-induced atrophy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Female Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to three groups: Control (CON), casting-induced immobilization (CT), and CT with acupuncture (CT-A) (<em>n</em> = 8). Immobilization of the left hindlimb lasted for 14 days, and acupuncture was performed at specific acupoints (stomach-36, gallbladder-34) three times per week for 15 min. Mitochondrial function was assessed in saponin-permeabilized fibers, and signaling molecules regulating muscle mass were analyzed by Western blot.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CT-A attenuated soleus muscle atrophy compared to CT. Under fatty acid substrate conditions, CT reduced complex I and II-supported oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) compared to CON, while CT-A decreased respiratory leak and enhanced OXPHOS coupling relative to CT. Without fatty acids, CT-A decreased both respiratory leak and complex I and II-supported OXPHOS compared to CON, but differences between CT and CT-A were not significant. AMPKα activity (p-AMPKα/AMPKα) was significantly elevated in the CT group compared to the CON group, but returned to CON levels in the CT-A group. However, there were no changes in proteins associated with muscle atrophy or autophagy markers among the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Acupuncture mitigates immobilization-induced muscle atrophy and preserves mitochondrial function, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic approach for muscle disuse conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Article 101178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictors of the intention to use integrative medicine in psychiatric hospitals","authors":"Corinne Schaub , Mohamed Faouzi , Julien Vonlanthen , Michaël Cordey , Pauline Marchand , Alexia Stantzos , Chantal BERNA , Kétia Alexandre","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The present study aimed to examine the influence of psychosocial and demographic factors on health professionals’ intention to integrate complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) into hospital-based psychiatric clinical practice. It also sought to validate the theoretical model derived from our previous exploratory study.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey study using an online questionnaire sent to 4111 potential participants based on an adapted version of Triandis’ Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour (TIB).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants reported high levels of positive attitudes towards CIM, with 61.6 % of the 1561 respondents reporting previous use in clinical practice and 37.8 % having received formal CIM training. Analysis of professionals’ intention to use CIM revealed four influential psychosocial factors - <em>affec</em>t, <em>perceived social norms, descriptive norms</em> and <em>past behaviour</em> (<em>p</em> < 0.0001) - and three significant demographic factors - older age, a managerial position and fewer years of clinical practice (<em>p</em> < 0.05). With an area under the ROC curve of 95.53 %, the resulting model showed high discriminatory power and excellent fit.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings highlight the need for a supportive institutional environment to promote CIM. This requires the support of a wide range of professional leaders and the promotion of a shared CIM culture among healthcare professionals and interdisciplinary discussions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Article 101179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thuy-Tu Long Pham , Nam Trung Le , Tin Trong Nguyen , Haoran Chu
{"title":"Should thread-embedding and auricular acupuncture be combined rather than used individually for non-specific chronic low back pain?: A double-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial","authors":"Thuy-Tu Long Pham , Nam Trung Le , Tin Trong Nguyen , Haoran Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.imr.2025.101180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Non-specific chronic low back pain (NCLBP), the most common type, is a leading cause of global disability. The combined effect of thread-embedding acupuncture (TEA) and auricular acupuncture (AA) remains unclear. This study evaluates whether combining TEA and AA improves NCLBP management compared to either alone.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, 168 NCLBP patients were randomized into four groups (<em>n</em> = 42): TEA+AA, TEA+sham AA, AA+sham TEA, or sham both, alongside conventional treatment. The intervention lasted 4 weeks with a 4-week follow-up. The primary outcome was the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); secondary outcomes included pain score, paracetamol use, quality of life, global improvement, and adverse events (AEs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the intention-to-treat analysis, the acupuncture groups showed significantly lower ODI percentage scores compared to the sham group (<em>p</em> < 0.0001). Both the TEA+AA and TEA+sham AA groups outperformed the AA+sham TEA group (mean differences [MD]:9.1 and -7.5, respectively; <em>p</em> < 0.0001) at week 4 and achieved the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) during follow-up. The TEA+AA group showed greater improvement than the TEA+sham AA group at weeks 2 and 6; however, these differences did not reach the MCID. Secondary effectiveness outcomes followed a similar trend. The results were consistent with the per-protocol analysis. AEs were mild and self-limiting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>TEA and AA are safe and effective adjuncts for managing NCLBP, with TEA showing more sustained benefits. Adding AA into TEA may accelerate response, though clinical relevance remains uncertain. Further multicenter studies with longer follow-up and syndrome-based approaches are warranted.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06682273).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13644,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Medicine Research","volume":"14 3","pages":"Article 101180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}