{"title":"G-quadruplex is involved in the regulation of BmSGF1 expression in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori.","authors":"Yanfei Chen, Jin Li, Kangkang Niu, Yuling Peng, Qisheng Song, Qili Feng","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13334","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced DNA structures, such as the G-quadruplex (G4) and the i-motif, are widely but not randomly present in the genomes of many organisms. A G4 structure was identified in the promoter of the silk gland factor-1 gene (SGF1), which is the main regulatory gene for silk production in Bombyx mori. In this study, a BmSGF1 G4<sup>-/-</sup> homozygous mutant was generated with the G4 sequence knocked out. The promoter activity of BmSGF1 was lowered in the BmSGF1 G4<sup>-/-</sup> mutant. Pyridostatin (PDS) stabilized the G4 structure and increased the promoter activity of BmSGF1, whereas anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASO) complementary to the G4 sequence suppressed the promoter activity of BmSGF1. Compared with wild-type larvae, the deletion of the BmSGF1 G4 structure decreased both the expression of BmSGF1 and the fibroin heavy chain gene BmFib-H in the posterior silk gland and the weight of the cocoons. Overall, these results suggest that the promoter G4 structure of BmSGF1 participates in the transcription regulation of the BmSGF1 gene in the silkworm.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"1440-1452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insect SciencePub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13332
Yongjie Zhang, Shulin He, Chengyin He, Ling Zhou, Ou Xu, Liang Qiao, Bin Chen, Yueqing Cao, Zhengbo He
{"title":"AsOBP1 is required for bioallethrin repellency in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles sinensis.","authors":"Yongjie Zhang, Shulin He, Chengyin He, Ling Zhou, Ou Xu, Liang Qiao, Bin Chen, Yueqing Cao, Zhengbo He","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13332","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of insecticides, primarily pyrethroids, is a pivotal strategy for mosquito control globally. Bioallethrin, the first commercially available volatile pyrethroid, can elicit spatial (i.e., noncontact) repellency to mosquitoes through the coactivation of olfactory receptor neurons and sodium channels. However, the olfactory mechanism of the repellency elicited by bioallethrin in mosquitoes is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated the involvement of AsOBP1 in the bioallethrin repellency in Anopheles sinensis, one of the main vectors of vivax malaria in China and other Southeast Asian countries. The behavioral and electrophysiological analyses in AsOrco<sup>-/-</sup> mutant found that the spatial repellency elicited by bioallethrin depended on the odorant receptor (OR)-mediated olfactory pathway. Furthermore, the repellency was reduced in the AsOBP1<sup>-/-</sup> mutant and a pyrethroid-resistant strain, in which the expression of AsOBP1 was significantly decreased. Moreover, recombinant AsOBP1 protein bound to bioallethrin in an in vitro competition assay. These results indicate that activation of the AsOBP1-mediated olfactory pathway is an important component of bioallethrin repellency. Our research lays the foundation for further elucidation into the olfactory mechanism of bioallethrin repellency and the behavioral modifications of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"1519-1532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139931016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insect SciencePub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-02-06DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13327
William Jacob Pitt, William Rodney Cooper, Derek Pouchnik, Heather Headrick, Punya Nachappa
{"title":"High-throughput molecular gut content analysis of aphids identifies plants relevant for potato virus Y epidemiology.","authors":"William Jacob Pitt, William Rodney Cooper, Derek Pouchnik, Heather Headrick, Punya Nachappa","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13327","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aphids are phloem-feeding insects that reduce crop productivity due to feeding and transmission of plant viruses. When aphids disperse across the landscape to colonize new host plants, they will often probe on a wide variety of nonhost plants before settling on a host suitable for feeding and reproduction. There is limited understanding of the diversity of plants that aphids probe on within a landscape, and characterizing this diversity can help us better understand host use patterns of aphids. Here, we used gut content analysis (GCA) to identify plant genera that were probed by aphid vectors of potato virus Y (PVY). Aphids were trapped weekly near potato fields during the growing seasons of 2020 and 2021 in San Luis Valley in Colorado. High-throughput sequencing of plant barcoding genes, trnF and ITS2, from 200 individual alate (i.e., winged) aphids representing nine vector species of PVY was performed using the PacBio sequencing platform, and sequences were identified to genus using NCBI BLASTn. We found that 34.7% of aphids probed upon presumed PVY host plants and that two of the most frequently detected plant genera, Solanum and Brassica, represent important crops and weeds within the study region. We found that 75% of aphids frequently probed upon PVY nonhosts including many species that are outside of their reported host ranges. Additionally, 19% of aphids probed upon more than one plant species. This study provides the first evidence from high-throughput molecular GCA of aphids and reveals host use patterns that are relevant for PVY epidemiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"1489-1502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139697312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insect SciencePub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13321
Li Hou, Siyuan Guo, Yuanyuan Wang, Shaoye Liu, Xianhui Wang
{"title":"Neuropeptide ACP is required for fat body lipid metabolism homeostasis in locusts.","authors":"Li Hou, Siyuan Guo, Yuanyuan Wang, Shaoye Liu, Xianhui Wang","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13321","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fat body metabolism plays crucial roles in each aspect of insect life traits. Although neuropeptides have been documented to be one of the major neuroendocrinal regulators involved in fat body metabolism, the detailed regulatory mechanism is poorly explored. Here, we conducted comparative metabolome and transcriptome analyses of fat body between wide type (WT) and adipokinetic hormone/corazonin-related peptide (ACP) loss of function mutants of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. We found that knockout of ACP resulted in significantly reduced fat body triacylglycerol content but enhanced abundance of phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Additionally, the expression levels of genes involved in triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis and degradation were significantly altered in the fat body of ACP mutants. Moreover, female ACP mutants displayed much higher fecundity compared to WT females. These findings highlight the important role of neuropeptide ACP in fat body lipid metabolism homeostasis in locusts.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"1453-1465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139478490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insect SciencePub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13326
Caleb B Hubbard, Amy C Murillo
{"title":"Evaluation of the inheritance and dominance of behavioral resistance to imidacloprid in the house fly (Musca domestica L.) (Diptera: Muscidae).","authors":"Caleb B Hubbard, Amy C Murillo","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13326","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The house fly, Musca domestica, is a cosmopolitan species known for its pestiferous nature and potential to mechanically vector numerous human and animal pathogens. Control of adult house flies often relies on insecticides formulated into food baits. However, due to the overuse of these baits, insecticide resistance has developed to all insecticide classes currently registered for use in the United States. Field populations of house flies have developed resistance to imidacloprid, the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticide for fly control, through both physiological and behavioral resistance mechanisms. In the current study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the inheritance and dominance of behavioral resistance to imidacloprid in a lab-selected behaviorally resistant house fly strain. Additionally, we conducted feeding preference assays to assess the feeding responses of genetic cross progeny to imidacloprid. Our results confirmed that behavioral resistance to imidacloprid is inherited as a polygenic trait, though it is inherited differently between male and female flies. We also demonstrated that feeding preference assays can be instrumental in future genetic inheritance studies as they provide direct insight into the behavior of different strains under controlled conditions that reveal, interactions between the organism and the insecticide. The findings of this study carry significant implications for pest management and underscore the need for integrated pest control approaches that consider genetic and ecological factors contributing to resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"1533-1542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139478487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insect SciencePub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13322
Jernej Polajnar, Elizaveta Kvinikadze, Adam W Harley, Igor Malenovský
{"title":"Wing buzzing as a mechanism for generating vibrational signals in psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea).","authors":"Jernej Polajnar, Elizaveta Kvinikadze, Adam W Harley, Igor Malenovský","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13322","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psyllids, or jumping plant lice (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea), are a group of small phytophagous insects that include some important pests of crops worldwide. Sexual communication of psyllids occurs via vibrations transmitted through host plants, which play an important role in mate recognition and localization. The signals are species-specific and can be used to aid in psyllid taxonomy and pest control. Several hypotheses have been proposed for the mechanism that generates these vibrations, of which stridulation, that is, friction between parts of the forewing and thorax, has received the most attention. We have investigated vibrational communication in the European pear psyllid species Cacopsylla pyrisuga (Foerster, 1848) using laser vibrometry and high-speed video recording, to directly observe the movements associated with signal production. We describe for the first time the basic characteristics of the signals and signal emission of this species. Based on observations and analysis of the video recordings using a point-tracking algorithm, and their comparison with laser vibrometer recordings, we argue that males of C. pyrisuga produce the vibrations primarily by wing buzzing, that is, tremulation that does not involve friction between the wings and thorax. Comparing observed signal properties with previously published data, we predict that wing buzzing is the main mechanism of signal production in all vibrating psyllids.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"1466-1476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insect SciencePub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-01-28DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13319
Alitha Edison, Anja Michelbach, Dominique Sowade, Hanna Kertzel, Luise Schmidt, Martin Schäfer, Maximilian Hackhausen, Ralf Nauen, Pablo Duchen, Shuqing Xu
{"title":"Evidence of active oviposition avoidance to systemically applied imidacloprid in the Colorado potato beetle.","authors":"Alitha Edison, Anja Michelbach, Dominique Sowade, Hanna Kertzel, Luise Schmidt, Martin Schäfer, Maximilian Hackhausen, Ralf Nauen, Pablo Duchen, Shuqing Xu","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13319","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agricultural pests can develop behavioral resistance to insecticides by choosing to feed or oviposit on insecticide-free hosts. As young larvae have relatively low mobility, oviposition preferences from female adults may play a critical role in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of pest populations. While oviposition avoidance of insecticide-treated hosts was found in different agriculture pests, it remains unclear whether female adults actively choose to occupy insecticide-free hosts. To address this question, we investigated feeding and oviposition preferences between imidacloprid-treated and imidacloprid-free plants in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, a major potato pest. We performed behavioral choice assays on two strains that differed in both fecundity and insecticide resistance. We found that one strain preferred to feed on the insecticide-free plants and that this preference is not innate. Meanwhile, the other strain chose plants for feeding and oviposition randomly. Further analyses of the moving patterns of the beetles suggested that the oviposition preference in the first strain is likely due to active learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"1543-1554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139570629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insect SciencePub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13310
Yansong Wang, Ping Gao, Wenquan Qin, Hongran Li, Jie Zheng, Ling Meng, Baoping Li
{"title":"Gut microbiota variation across generations regarding the diet and life stage in Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).","authors":"Yansong Wang, Ping Gao, Wenquan Qin, Hongran Li, Jie Zheng, Ling Meng, Baoping Li","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13310","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We attempt to determine the effect of the dietary switch from a native to non-native prey on the gut microbiota in the predaceous ladybird Harmonia axyridis larvae and adults and examine how the dietary effect may vary across generations. We fed H. axyridis with different diets, native aphid Megoura japonica (Matsumura) versus non-native mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley), for 5 generations and sequenced microbes in the gut of the 3rd instar larvae and adults of the 1st, 3rd, and 5th generations. In addition, we identified microbes in M. japonica and P. solenopsis. The 2 prey species differed in microbial community as measured by abundances of prevalent microbial genera and diversity. In H. axyridis, abundances of some prevalent microbial genera differed between the 2 diets in the 1st and 3rd generations, but the difference disappeared in the 5th generation; this tendency is more obvious in adults than in larvae. Overall, gut microbial assemblages became gradually cohesive over generations. Microbial diversity differed between diets in the 1st and 3rd generations but became similar in the 5th generation. Major prevalent gut microbial genera are predicted to be associated with metabolic functions of H. axyridis and associated genera are more abundant for consuming the mealybug than the aphid. Our findings from this study suggest that the gut microbiota in H. axyridis is flexible in response to the dietary switch, but tends toward homogeneity in microbial composition over generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"1365-1377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139110864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The miRNA-mRNA modules enhance juvenile hormone biosynthesis for insect vitellogenesis and egg production.","authors":"Wanwan Li, Mingzhi Liu, Zitong Zhuang, Lulu Gao, Jiasheng Song, Shutang Zhou","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In addition to preventing precocious larval metamorphosis, juvenile hormone (JH), synthesized in corpora allata (CA), is known to stimulate female reproduction of insects. JH titer is extremely low or absent during metamorphosis, but thereafter rapidly increases in the previtellogenic stage and rises to a peak in the vitellogenic phase. However, the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of high levels of JH in adults remain unclear. We found in this study that 12 genes involved in JH synthesis pathway were highly expressed in the CA of adult locusts. By transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time - polymerase chain reaction validation, a total of 106 evolutionary conserved micro RNAs (miRNAs) and 163 species-specific miRNAs were identified in locust CA. Dual-luciferase assay revealed that 17 miRNAs bound to 10 JH synthesis genes (JHSGs) and downregulated their expression. These miRNAs were expressed in low levels during vitellogenic stage, which was oppositive from that of targeting JHSGs. Six miRNAs including miR-971-3p, miR-31a, miR-9-5p, miR-1-3p, miR-315, and miR-282 were selected for function study. Co-application of agomiRs resulted in significantly decreased levels of targeting JHSGs, accompanied by significantly reduced vitellogenin expression as well as arrested ovarian development. The data suggest that multiple miRNAs expressed synchronously at low levels in the vitellogenic phase, thereby ensuring the high levels of JHSG expression to facilitate JH biosynthesis required for JH-dependent female reproduction. The findings provide important information for deciphering miRNA-messenger RNA modules for JH biosynthesis as well as JH regulation of insect metamorphosis and reproduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A newly identified Y chromosome gene obp-Y is required for sperm storage in female Zeugodacus tau (Diptera: Tephritidae).","authors":"Peipei Liu, Ziniu Li, Imran Afzal, Qiuyuan Zhang, Jiao Qiao, Dong Wu, Hongyu Zhang","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the organisms with XX/XY sex chromosomes, Y chromosome is unique to males and plays an important role in male reproductive development. The study of Y chromosome genes will contribute to the development of pest genetic prevention and control technology. In this study, we identified 9 Y chromosome genes in Zeugodacus tau (Diptera: Tephritidae), including gene 16222. Protein structure analysis showed that 16222 was highly similar to odorant binding protein, and thus gene 16222 was named obp-Y. Obp-Y knockout (KO) significantly reduced hatching rate of offspring. Sperm detection results showed that obp-Y KO did not affect sperm number in the testes or sperm transfer during mating. We further examined the storage of sperms in females, and found that sperms in females mating with wild-type males began to transfer from spermathecal ducts to the spermathecae at hour 0 after the end of mating (AEM), and at 0-24 h AEM, the sperm count in the spermathecae gradually increased. However, no sperms were observed in spermathecae of females mating with mutant males at hours 0, 4, 8, 24 and 48 AEM. In summary, this study revealed that Y chromosome gene obp-Y was necessary for the storage of sperms in females. Our findings not only provide theoretical basis for elucidating the function of the Y chromosome, but also offer a molecular target for the genetic control over Z. tau.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}