Insect Science最新文献

{"title":"Research progress of aphid immunity system: Potential effective target for green pest management.","authors":"Li-Na Sun, Jian-Yu Meng, Zeng Wang, Shi-Yang Lin, Jie Shen, Shuo Yan","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13345","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the absence of acquired immunity, insects primarily rely on their innate immune system to resist pathogenic microorganisms and parasitoids in natural habitats. This innate immune system can be classified into cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Cellular immunity is mediated by hemocytes, which perform phagocytosis, aggregation, and encapsulation to fight against invaders, whereas the humoral immunity primarily activates the immune signaling pathways and induces the generation of immune effectors. Existing studies have revealed that the hemipteran aphids lack some crucial immune genes compared to other insect species, indicating the different immune mechanisms in aphids. The current review summarizes the adverse impacts of pathogenic microorganisms and parasitoids on aphids, introduces the cellular and humoral immune systems in insects, and analyzes the differences between aphids and other insect species. Furthermore, our review also discussed the existing prospects and challenges in aphid immunity research, and proposed the potential application of immune genes in green pest management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"1662-1674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139982894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two host-plant strains in the fall armyworm.","authors":"Kiwoong Nam, Nicolas Nègre, Clara Ines Saldamando Benjumea","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13346","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the major pest insects damaging diverse crops including cotton, corn, rice, and sorghum. Fall armyworms have been identified as two morphologically indistinguishable strains, the corn strain, and the rice strain, named after their preferred host-plants. Although initially recognized as host-plant strains, there has been an ongoing debate regarding whether the corn and rice strains should be considered as such. In this article, we present arguments based on recent population genomics studies supporting that these two strains should be considered to be host-plant strains. Furthermore, host-plant adaptation appears to be a driving evolutionary force responsible for incipient speciation in the fall armyworm.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"1675-1683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11632296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long noncoding RNA LRG modulates Drosophila locomotion by sequestering Synaptotagmin 1 protein.","authors":"Ming-Yang Cui, Meng-Bo Xu, Ying-Xuan Wang, Bao-Yan Bai, Run-Sheng Chen, Li Liu, Mei-Xia Li","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13352","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1744-7917.13352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apparently, the genomes of many organisms are pervasively transcribed, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) make up the majority of cellular transcripts. LncRNAs have been reported to play important roles in many biological processes; however, their effects on locomotion are poorly understood. Here, we presented a novel lncRNA, Locomotion Regulatory Gene (LRG), which participates in locomotion by sequestering Synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1). LRG deficiency resulted in higher locomotion speed which could be rescued by pan-neuronal overexpression but not by limited ellipsoid body, motoneuron or muscle-expression of LRG. At the molecular level, the synaptic vesicles (SVs) release and movement-related SYT1 protein was recognized as LRG-interacting protein candidate. Furthermore, LRG had no effects on SYT1 expression. Genetically, the behavioral defects in LRG mutant could be rescued by pan-neuronal knock-down of Syt1. Taken together, all the results suggested LRG exerts regulatory effects on locomotion via sequestering SYT1 thereby blocking its function without affecting its expression. Our work displays a new function of lncRNA and provides insights for revealing the pathogenesis of neurological diseases with motor disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":"1756-1769"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140119385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential pesticide substrates of an insect ABCC transporter.","authors":"Jinli Chen, Dong Wang, Wei Liu, Yuanyuan Zhou, Qing Yang","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of synthetic pesticides carries a significant risk of pests developing resistance, leading to decreased pesticide effectiveness. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, especially the ABCC subfamily members, have been suggested to act as efflux pumps for various pesticides, thereby contributing to pesticide resistance. So far, the identification of potential pesticide substrates of insect ABC transporters is most often based on the quantification of transcript in arthropods. Here, we screened and identified the potential pesticide substrates of ABCC-9C from Tribolium castaneum based on an in vitro ATPase activity assay. Together with affinity evaluation-, cytotoxicity analysis-, and RNA interference-based bioactivity tests, we revealed that the insecticides, carbofuran, and buprofezin, are potential substrates of TcABCC-9C. Additionally, we identified an amphipathic translocation channel in the transmembrane domain of TcABCC-9C formed by 8 transmembrane helices. Molecular docking suggested that both carbofuran and buprofezin bind at the same site within the translocation channel via hydrophobic interactions. These findings indicate that TcABCC-9C might play a critical role in multi-pesticide resistance, providing a potential target for managing pesticide resistance and laying the groundwork for future pest control strategies. Given the conservations among ABCC subfamily members, the experimental model we developed in this study can be also applied to identify the potential substrates of other ABCC transporters, as well as to predict insecticide resistance mediated by ABCC transporters.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of a chemical disinfectant and an antiviral drug for RNA virus management in the Mediterranean fruit fly mass-rearing.","authors":"Luis Hernández-Pelegrín, Pablo García-Castillo, Marta Catalá-Oltra, Óscar Dembilio, Vera I D Ros, Salvador Herrero","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Mediterranean fruit fly is an agricultural pest of a wide variety of fruit crops. An effective method to counteract them in the field is through the application of the sterile insect technique, which requires the mass-production of sterile males. The presence of pathogens, and specifically viruses, threatens the well-being of mass-reared insects generating an interest on the development of strategies for viral elimination or containment. Thirteen RNA viruses have been described in the medfly although so far only one of them, Ceratitis capitata nora virus, has been associated with detrimental effects on medfly development. In this context, medfly larvae were supplied with a chemical compound (formaldehyde) and an antiviral compound (ribavirin) via oral feeding to (1) test the potential of these compounds for viral elimination and (2) analyze their effect on medfly development. Overall, formaldehyde treatment did not reduce the viral titer for any of the tested viruses, while ribavirin effectively reduced the levels of two widespread RNA viruses but not in a dose-response manner. However, the addition of both compounds correlated with detrimental effects on medfly fitness, arguing against their use in mass-rearing facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential gene expression in Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt, 1821) (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) induced by Wolbachia infection.","authors":"Patricia Jiménez-Florido, Mónica Aquilino, David Buckley, José L Bella, Rosario Planelló","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Distinct lineages of the grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) form well-known hybrid zones (HZs) both in the Pyrenees and the Alps mountain ranges in South Europe. These HZs represent unique experimental systems to identify \"key genes\" that maintain genetic boundaries between emerging species. The Iberian endemism C. p. erythropus (Cpe) and the subspecies C. p. parallelus (Cpp), widely distributed throughout the rest of Europe, overlap and form the Pyrenean HZ. Both subspecies differ morphologically, as well as in behavioral, mitochondrial, nuclear, and chromosomal traits, and in the strains of the maternally transmitted bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia infecting them. This results in either unidirectional and bidirectional cytoplasmic incompatibility between both grasshopper subspecies, pointing out that Wolbachia clearly affects gene expression in the infected individuals. Here we explore how Wolbachia may modify the expression of some major genes involved in relevant pathways in Cpp in the Pyrenean HZ. We have analyzed, through molecular biomarkers, the physiological responses in C. parallelus individuals infected by Wolbachia, with particular attention to the energy metabolism, the immune system response, and the reproduction. qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of selected genes in the gonads of infected and uninfected adults of both sexes, since this tissue constitutes the main target of Wolbachia infection. Transcriptional analyses also showed differential sex-dependent responses in most of the analyzed biomarkers in infected and noninfected individuals. We identified for the first time new sensitive biomarkers that might be involved in the reproductive barrier induced by Wolbachia in the hybrid zone.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microinjection-enabled gene silencing in first instar larvae of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, reveals vital genes for larval survival.","authors":"Jinlong Han, Dorith Rotenberg","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) is a significant agricultural pest, causing severe global yield losses due to extensive feeding damage and the transmission of plant pathogenic viruses. Despite recent advancements in RNA interference (RNAi) in thrips species, its application has been mostly limited to the adult stage. Given the crucial role of first instar larval thrips in acquiring and transmitting orthotospoviruses, achieving gene silencing in these larvae is critical for studying virus entry and acquisition. While thoracic and abdominal injections have proven effective in adult thrips, the low post-injection survival rate hinders their use in larval thrips. This study addresses this challenge by presenting a microinjection methodology to deliver dsRNA into the hemolymph of first instar larval thrips through the coxa, the first proximal segment of the foreleg. This method significantly improved larval survival rate by preventing detrimental damage to the internal tissues. Significant knockdown of V-ATPase-B, cytochrome P450 (CYP3653A2), and apolipophorin-II/I (ApoLp-II/I) transcripts was confirmed after 48 and/or 72 h post injection (hpi), corresponding to the first and second instar larval stages, respectively. Silencing CYP3653A2 or ApoLp-II/I significantly increased larval mortality. These findings demonstrate proof-of-principle of gene silencing and associated silencing phenotype (mortality) for first instar larval thrips and highlight the essential role of CYP3653A2 and ApoLp-II/I in larval vitality. Our RNAi-based tool offers an opportunity to investigate the molecular mechanisms of thrips-orthotospovirus interactions, as the virus must be acquired by young larval thrips for successful transmission to plants, thus presenting potential targets for thrips pest management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of lipases revealed tissue-specific triacylglycerol hydrolytic activity in Spodoptera frugiperda.","authors":"Wei-Kang Han, Hui-Hui Zhang, Feng-Xian Tang, Ze-Wen Liu","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipids perform a diverse and unique array of functions in insects. Lipases are key enzymes in lipid metabolism, and their metabolic products are crucial for development and reproduction of insects. Here, a total of 110 lipase genes were identified in the genome of Spodoptera frugiperda. Cluster analysis indicated that neutral lipases constitute the majority of lipases. Tissue expression profile analysis displayed that most lipase genes were highly expressed in the larval gut of S. frugiperda. Some lipases exhibited a diet-specific expression pattern, which implied their roles in host adaptation. Key domain analysis proved that none of the neutral lipases highly expressed in the gut has an integrated lid domain, while most lipases highly expressed in the fat body contained both the integrated lid domain and β9 loop, indicating the activity loss of neutral lipases in guts. The assay of triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolytic activity confirmed that the gut had the lowest activity when compared to that of fat body and epidermis. Interestingly, the opposite TAG hydrolytic activity trends across mating were observed between adult males and females, implying that lipase played different roles in the reproduction of both sexes. In conclusion, neutral lipases lost TAG hydrolytic activity in S. frugiperda guts, but retained the activity in fat body. Neutral lipases would play vital roles in many physiological processes in insects, especially in insect reproduction, which provides palpable targets for novel insecticide development to control insect population growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fertility recovering from heat stress and interactions of heat shock protein 20 with reproduction-related proteins in Monochamus alternatus.","authors":"Hui Li, Shouyin Li, Hualei Yang, Yushan Tan, Peiyuan Zhao, Jianren Ye, Dejun Hao","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the rise in global temperatures with climate change, insects, as ectotherms, critically depend on their heat tolerance for survival and reproduction. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are essential for heat tolerance by averting protein denaturation; however, whether HSPs contribute to reproduction-related heat tolerance remains largely unexplored. The study investigated the reproductive heat tolerance and recovery of Monochamus alternatus, a major forestry pest, in response to heat stress. Alongside impairing the development and viability of reproductive organs and sperm, heat stress was also found to reduce fecundity, fertility, mating, and oviposition behaviors. Remarkably, all reproductive parameters of M. alternatus recovered within 4 weeks postexposure. To investigate the recovery mechanisms, we identified 10 reproduction-related proteins as candidate substrate proteins of an HSP protein in M. alternatus using immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry analysis. Heat stress inhibited the transcription of these reproduction-related genes, thereby adversely affecting reproductive parameters. However, the induction of HSP20s transcription in response to heat stress appeared to facilitate the refolding of these critical reproduction-related proteins during the recovery phase, thus preventing lasting reproductive damage. Overall, this study suggests that while M. alternatus populations might be vulnerable to climate-induced temperature increases, their fertility can recover, mediated by the interaction of HSPs with reproduction-related genes. These findings offer profound insights into insect heat tolerance and recovery, expanding our understanding of HSP20 proteins' biological functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical conspicuousness, ant organs, and specificity in myrmecophilous caterpillars partitioning ant-plant systems.","authors":"Luan Dias Lima, Diego Santana Assis, Fábio Santos do Nascimento, Lucas Augusto Kaminski","doi":"10.1111/1744-7917.13474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.13474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resource partitioning among sympatric species is crucial for assembling ecological communities, such as caterpillar-ant assemblages in tropical forests. Myrmecophilous caterpillars use behavioral and chemical strategies to coexist with ants, avoiding attacks. While these strategies are well-understood in single pair of interacting species, such as those involving myrmecophiles and ants, their role in complex multitrophic interactions that include several species of plants, herbivores and ants remains unclear. We aimed to identify the role of cuticular hydrocarbons and specialized morphological structures that caterpillars use to interact with ants (called ant organs) in the recognition process between two riodinid caterpillar species and their respective ant-plant systems. We hypothesized that caterpillars' cuticular profiles would be conspicuous, possessing cues of rewards to ants, allowing specific ants to recognize and not attack them on plants. We performed experiments exposing caterpillars to ants to assess the role of larval ant organs and the specificity of caterpillar-ant interactions on plants. We analyzed cuticular hydrocarbons of caterpillars, ant workers and plants using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Our experiments showed that larval ant organs were activated according to each treatment and caterpillars were consistently accepted by their associated ants when transferred to host plants occupied by the same ant species. However, caterpillars transferred to plants with a non-associated ant species that do not tend them were often killed. This highlights the specificity of these interactions. Caterpillar cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, while present in far lower amounts than those of ant workers and plants, were distinctive, suggesting a strategy of chemical conspicuousness that helps caterpillars to be recognized by ants and prevents attacks in specific ant-plant systems. Our results indicate that ants recognize conspicuous cuticular hydrocarbons, while caterpillars convey multimodal signals from ant organs during interactions, which are essential for caterpillar survival in these specific interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13618,"journal":{"name":"Insect Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}